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缺水是世界普遍现象，节水是长期战略措施。开发农业节水，一方面要改善灌溉系统的基础设施，推广节水新技术，另一方面应应该吸收农民参与灌溉管理，充分发挥农民的积极性。农民参与灌溉管理是必然的趋势，也是农业节水最有效的措施之一。 相似文献
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陈雷 《中国农村水利水电》1997,(12):6-8
本文为水利部农村水利司陈雷司长1997年11月6日在全国节水灌溉工作会议上的总结讲话摘要。由国家计委农村经济司、财政部农业司、中国农业发展银行开发信贷部、水利部农村水利司联合召开的"全国节水灌溉工作会议"，是为了贯彻落实江泽民总书记在党的十五大报告中提出的"发展节水农业"的指示和国务院不久前召开的"全国节约用水电视电话会议"精神；总结交流近两年来各地利用节水灌溉贴息贷款和国家计委安排的专项投资发展节水农业、建设300个节水增产重点县和节水灌溉示范区以及对灌区进行以节水为中心的续建配套和更新改造方面的经验、做法和… 相似文献
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农业节水灌溉现状及其发展趋势 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在分析我国实施农业节水灌溉必要性的基础上,论述了目前我国农业主要采取的节水灌溉技术及其优缺点,并对农业未来的发展趋势进行了展望,即继续完善农业田间工程配套技术建设,在农业管理中采用信息化管理,并将农业节水与工程节水技术相结合,利用先进的灌溉管理体制来实现农业节水的高效快速发展。 相似文献
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节水灌溉与农业可持续发展 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
节水灌溉是缓解农业用水供需矛盾,实现水资源可持续利用、农业可持续发展的重要措施。对节水灌溉的内涵、农业灌溉的节水途径与技术措施,以及节水的生物学基础进行了讨论和分析。 相似文献
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发展节水灌溉应注意的几个问题 总被引：9，自引：5，他引：9
"九五"期间,党中央、国务院对节水灌溉工作非常重视,把节水灌溉作为一项革命性措施来抓,取得了巨大的建设成就.据统计,截至2000年底,我国节水灌溉工程面积已达到0.187亿hm\+2.同时,每年还发展节水灌溉措施面积近0.133亿hm\+2.这些工程和措施面积为缓解我国水资源供需矛盾,为抗御农业自然灾害,增强农业生产能力,促进我国农业种植调整,增加农民收入做出了不可磨灭的贡献.也为下一步农业节水发展打下了很好的基础.展望21世纪,我国水资源短缺、供需矛盾突出的局面不会得到很大改变,农业灌溉用水量增加的可能性较小,推广普及节水灌溉在我国将是一项长期的任务.当前,随着"十五"节水灌溉规划的实施,节水灌溉正在全国掀起新一轮的高潮,为总结"九五"期间节水灌溉的成败得失,做好"十五"乃至21世纪初节水灌溉工作,笔者认为应着重注意以下几个问题. 相似文献
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节水农业是一项系统工程,应用农业系统工程原理,采取工程措施,农业措施和管理措施等综合措施,以先进邯水技术为核心,运用渠道防渗,喷滴灌,膜上灌,细流沟灌,浅水间隙灌等灌溉方法以及综合配套栽培技术措施,加强灌溉管理,建立健全全各规章制度,形成规范化,实用化的综合节水技术体系,在大范围,大面积进行实施,充分发挥科技成果的综合效益,规模效益和辐射作用,实现农业高产优质高效和持续发展。 相似文献
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张春园 《中国农村水利水电》1997,(12):3-5
本文系水利部副部长张春园1997年11月3日在全国节水灌溉工作会议上的讲话摘要。1近两年来节水灌溉工作的回顾1．1节水灌溉和打井工作取得的成绩1996年，国务院决定"九五"期间在全国建设300个节水增产重点县和一批节水型井灌区，以此带动全国节水灌溉的普及。两年间，中国人民银行和中国农业发展银行共安排节水、打井贷款32亿元，财政部门相应安排了贴息资金，国家计委和水利部安排基本建设资金2．4亿元，支持建设70个高标准节水灌溉示范项目和30个以节水为中心的灌区配套改造项目。国家科委、农业部、农业综合开发办等部门也做了大量工作。… 相似文献
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张启舜 《中国农村水利水电》1995,(3)
随着全球水资源的日趋紧张，发展节水农业愈来愈重要。发展节水农业，需要推广多途径农业节水措施。我国大力发展了节水灌溉面积，推广了田间节水灌溉技术，减少作物及田间的水量损失，并逐步发展污水灌溉等。研究和推广全面的节水技术，加强水资源的管理，是促进节水工作效益显著的关键。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献