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1.
将呋喃唑酮、磺胺嘧啶和诺氟沙星各以3种水平分别混入饲料中投喂甲鱼（中华鳖Trionyx sinensis)，投药饵时间分别为7d和14d。停药后24、72、120和240h分别取血液、肝、肾和肌肉测定药物残留量。结果表明，呋喃唑酮的吸收量甚微，4种样品中均未检出残留，说明该药只适用于肠道疾病的防治；磺胺嘧啶在4种样品中均可检出，在停药后24h，血液中含量最高，然后迅速降低，72h降至最低，240h则不能检出；诺氟沙星的药物残留变化状况与磺胺嘧啶相似。残留排除速度以肌肉中最慢，以停药24h残留量为标准，停药120h磺胺嘧啶残留率为76．8％（1．65－2．37μg/kg），诺氟沙星为46％（0．81－0．93μg/kg）；停药240h则分别为25％（0．63－1．11μg/kg）和24．2％（0．35－0．44μg/kg）。血液、肝、肾和肌肉中的药物残留水平随给药量的增加而增加，给药时间的长短对血液中的药物浓度影响不大，但在肝、肾和肌肉中的药物残留则随给药时间的加长而显著增加（P＜0．05）。建议饲喂磺胺嘧啶或诺氟沙星的甲鱼应在停药10d后上市。 相似文献
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研究了单剂量肌肉注射和多剂量混饲口灌给药方式下,诺氟沙星在鲫(Carassius auratus)体内的药物动力学和残留情况。结果显示:在(25.4±0.3)℃水温条件下,以每千克鱼体重10 mg的剂量单次给鲫肌肉注射诺氟沙星后,药物几乎在瞬间吸收,0.0333 h时血液中达到6.6708μg/mL,其血药浓度-时间数据用一级吸收二室模型描述较为合适,主要的药动学参数为:t1/2α、t1/2β、AUC和C l(s)分别为:0.4231 h、9.1613 h、17.8619μg.h/mL和0.5727 L/(kg.h)。在(23±1)℃水温条件下,以每千克鱼体重10 mg的剂量多次连续5 d混饲后,鲫停药后第8天肌肉、血清和肝脏中未检测到药物,此时肾脏中药物浓度已降到(0.0463±0.0134)μg/g,低于0.05μg/g。建议在(23±1)℃水温条件下,按每千克体重10 mg的剂量连续5 d混饲给鲫诺氟沙星,休药期至少为最后一次给药后的8 d。 相似文献
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两种抗生素在甲鱼组织中的残留研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在(25.5±1)℃水温条件下,用土霉素和诺氟沙星分别以不同剂量连续5天注射甲鱼(中华鳖,Trionyx sinensis)后腿肌肉,每天一次.停药后24,72,144,240h分别取肌肉、肝脏和肾脏测定两种药物残留量.结果表明:诺氟沙星只在停药后72h、144h的肝脏和肾脏中检出,其它样品都未检出残留.肝脏中土霉素的含量最高,肾脏其次,肌肉最低.给药后的第72h,土霉索的量在肌肉和肾脏中达到最高含量;而肝脏足144h.在达到最高含量之后的一段时间内,肾脏中土霉素含量随着时间的推移急剧下降,而在肌肉中,土霉素含量随着时间的推移缓慢下降,第240hl时,土霉素在肝脏和肌肉中己下降到很低水平,分别为0.35 mg/kg和0.25mg/kg但肾脏中土霉素量还很高,为2.18mg/kg.由此得知:在所有的组织中,肌肉中土霉素的残留量是最低的;最后一次给药后的第10d后,甲鱼肉是安全的. 相似文献
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在水温23℃、pH值6．5、溶氧10mg／L、氨氮含量小于0．1mg／L和亚硝酸盐含量小于0．001mg／L的条件下,将恩诺沙星按照0、20、40、60、80和100mg／kg浓度,连续口服给平均体重50．0±5．0g的小体鲟（Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus）及史氏鲟（Acipenser schrenckii Brandt）5d,停药2d后测定其血浆及肝脏组织中过氧化物岐化酶SOD的活力,以期掌握不同恩诺沙星给药浓度下,两种鲟两种组织中SOD活力变化趋势,探讨分析该酶在药物代谢过程中的作用机制。结果表明：两种鲟两种组织内均含有一定量的SOD酶,且在对照组及所有给药组肝脏中酶活力均高于血浆中。不同给药浓度下,两种鲟两种组织中SOD活力均先受诱导升高,而后被抑制降低的变化趋势,且在40mg／kg浓度组达到最大值。血浆中SOD活力受给药浓度影响较小,起伏较平稳,而小体鲟SOD活力始终高于史氏鲟。肝脏中SOD活力变化较剧烈,在低浓度组（〈40mg／kg）史氏鲟肝脏中SOD活力明显高于小体鲟,而在高给药浓度组（〉40mg／kg）则小体鲟略高于史氏鲟。 相似文献
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研究了多剂量混饲口灌给药方式下,诺氟沙星在草鱼体内的残留消除情况。结果显示：以每千克鱼体重10 mg连续5d混饲给药后,停药后第12天在草鱼肌肉中未检测到药物,此时血清、肝脏和肾脏中的药物浓度分别降为（0.0287±0.0015）μg/mL、（0.0181±0.0042）μg/g和（0.0369±0.0037）μg/g,均低于0.05μg/mL或0.05μg/g。因此初步建议在（19±1）℃水温条件下,以每千克鱼体重10 mg连续5 d混饲给草鱼诺氟沙星,休药期至少为最后一次给药后的12 d。 相似文献
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应用高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术研究以相同浓度(30mg/kg)烟酸诺氟沙星和乳酸诺氟沙星对松浦镜鲤Cyprinus carpio specularis口灌给药后,药物在试验鱼血液、肝胰脏、肾脏中的药动学特征。相同给药剂量下,烟酸诺氟沙星和乳酸诺氟沙星在松浦镜鲤血浆中的血药浓度和时间关系均为一级吸收二室开放模型,吸收半衰期(t_(1/2ka))分别为0.061h、0.043h,消除半衰期(t_(1/2β))分别为29.969h、14.972h,达峰时间(T_(max))分别为0.327h、0.272h,达峰浓度(C_(max))分别为6.247mg/L、13.423mg/L,药时曲线下面积(AUC)分别为53.015mg·h/L、89.907mg·h/L,表观分布容积(V_d)分别为4.347L/kg、2.084L/kg。结果表明:在相同给药剂量下,乳酸诺氟沙星的吸收和消除速率均快于烟酸诺氟沙星,药物种类显著影响药动学特征。 相似文献
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为了解恩诺沙星在俄罗斯鲟(Acipenser gueldenstaedtii)体内的代谢消除规律,采用高效液相色谱串联质谱技术测定了连续5 d口服20.00 mg/kg b.w剂量恩诺沙星的俄罗斯鲟体内各组织中恩诺沙星的质量浓度变化趋势,并通过3p97药动学软件进行数据处理。结果表明：在22.5℃平均水温下,俄罗斯鲟连续5 d口服20.00 mg/kg b.w剂量的恩诺沙星,血液、肝脏和肌肉中的达峰时间分别为4 h、2 h和8 h。吸收半衰期分别为：2.052 1 h, 1.112 8 h和1.892 0 h,消除半衰期分别为：53.265 4 h、203.517 4 h和49.017 9 h,药时曲线下总面积分别为：2 025.145、13 529.004和2 328.889μg/(mL·h),以肌肉和鱼皮计,恩诺沙星在俄罗斯鲟养殖过程中的休药期至少为945度日。[中国渔业质量与标准,2023, 13(1):10-18] 相似文献
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利用高效液相色谱法分别测定了单次和多次混饲口灌大菱鲆诺氟沙星(NFLX)后鱼体主要组织中的NFLX含量。通过MCP-KP药动学程序对NFLX在大菱鲆体内的药代动力学及残留消除规律进行了分析研究。结果表明,以30mg/kg的剂量单次混饲口灌大菱鲆,NFLX在大菱鲆体内的达峰时间(Tmax)为2h,血、鳃、肾脏、肝脏、肌肉的达峰浓度(Cmax)分别为:8.365、7.519、1.871、6.485和4.060μg/g;NFLX在组织中的消除半衰期(T1/2)由小到大依次为:肝脏8.18h<肌肉12.39h<鳃丝15.29h<血液23.22h<肾脏23.25h。连续5d以30mg/kg的剂量混饲口灌大菱鲆,消除半衰期(T1/2)由小到大依次为:肌肉74.88h<血液98.16h<肝脏186.43h<鳃192.12h<肾脏200.45h。以上研究表明,诺氟沙星在大菱鲆体内的吸收较为迅速,有利于疾病的预防和治疗用药。在组织中以肾脏中的残留最为显著。使用诺氟沙星进行大菱鲆疾病的预防和治疗时,至少停药30d后方可上市销售。 相似文献
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氟苯尼考在感染鲁氏耶尔森氏菌的西伯利亚鲟体内的药效学 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过构建鲁氏耶尔森氏菌(Yersinia ruckeri)感染西伯利亚鲟(Acipenser baeri)病理模型,设立阴性对照组(不攻菌不给药)及阳性对照组(攻菌不给药),比较研究了高(50 mg.kg-1)、中(20 mg.kg-1)、低(5 mg.kg-1)氟苯尼考剂量治疗组和氯霉素(10 mg.kg-1)对照组西伯利亚鲟体内的药效学。连续给药3天后,阴性对照组和阳性对照组累计死亡率分别为0%和50%,表明病理模型构建成功;而氟苯尼考低、中、高剂量组和治疗对照组累计死亡率分别为30%、0%、0%、10%。愈后各实验组鱼血液中均无细菌感染;除阴性对照组外,鱼肝、肾组织中均可分离到鲁氏菌,但不致鱼死亡。实验结果表明,氟苯尼考对感染鲁氏耶尔森氏菌的西伯利亚鲟有较好的治疗作用,药效优于氯霉素,可用于治疗鱼类细菌性疾病。 相似文献
11.
Kadusa Moazenzadeh Houman Rajabi Islami Abasali Zamini Mehdi Soltani 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(4):1108-1118
An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to quantify dietary copper (Cu) requirement of juvenile Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baerii. Five isonitrogenous diets were formulated to provide actual dietary copper values of 1.8, 5.7, 10.1, 15.9 and 28.3 mg Cu per kg diet. Experimental diets were fed to the Siberian sturgeon (27.57 ± 0.24 g) in triplicate to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. At the end of experiment, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were significantly increased with increasing dietary Cu level up to 10.1 mg/kg and then decreased with further increases in dietary Cu level (p < .05). The Cu concentration in the liver and cartilage was positively correlated with the respective concentrations in the diet (p < .05), while muscle and serum Cu concentrations remained significantly unchanged (p > .05). Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase had the highest activities in serum of fish fed with 15.9 and 28.3 mg Cu per kg diet, respectively. Analysis by the broken‐line regression of SGR, crude protein content and superoxide activity demonstrated that the optimum dietary Cu requirements in juvenile Siberian sturgeon were 9.51, 9.58 and 16.10 mg/kg diet, respectively. 相似文献
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为了丰富鲟鱼养殖种类,特引进了闪光鲟（Acipenser stellatus）、欧鳇（Huso huso）、西伯利亚鲟（Acipenserbaerii）和杂交鲟（西伯利亚鲟♂×俄罗斯鲟A.gueldenstaeti♀）受精卵,在直径2m的玻璃钢池中进行驯养和流水养殖,水温16-22℃,溶氧5-7mg·L-1。定期测定了上述4种鲟鱼的体长和体质量,应用计算机软件Excel和SPSS对测量的数据进行处理分析。结果表明：孵出的闪光鲟、欧鳇、西伯利亚鲟和杂交鲟鱼苗平均体质量分别为0.01349g、0.02818g、0.02016g,及0.02416g,经过60d驯化养殖,平均体质量分别达到3.80g、11.22g、7.85g,及4.19g;平均体长分别达10.61cm、13.37cm、12.98cm,及9.78cm。全长与日龄之间均呈线性关系,且R2〉0.9,全长日均增长量的大小顺序为：欧鳇〉西伯利亚鲟〉闪光鲟〉杂交鲟;体质量均与日龄呈指数函数关系,且R2〉0.9,体质量日均增长量大小顺序为：欧鳇〉西伯利亚鲟〉杂交鲟〉闪光鲟;体质量与全长的回归曲线中b〈3,均呈异速生长;肥满度分别变动在0.67～0.30、0.86～0.47、0.58～0.35,及0.71～0.44之间,均呈逐渐降低的趋势,且各个时期欧鳇肥满度最高;驯化期结束后30～40日龄生长离散最明显。 相似文献
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Effects of dietary zinc level on performance,zinc status,tissue composition and enzyme activities of juvenile Siberian sturgeon,Acipenser baerii (Brandt 1869) 
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下载免费PDF全文 This study conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary zinc (Zn) levels on feed utilization, tissue Zn composition and serum enzyme activities of juvenile Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baerii. Five isoenergetic and isonitrogenous semi‐purified diets were formulated with increasing Zn sulphate (ZnSO4.5H2O) level to provide the actual Zn values of 14.7 (control), 20.8, 27.3, 37.7 and 46.4 mg/kg diet. Each diet was assigned to three groups of 20 experimental Siberian sturgeons with uniform size (initial weight of 26.52 ± 0.94 g) for a period of 8‐week feeding trial. Results showed that growth performance and muscle protein content were significantly increased with increasing dietary Zn level up to 27.3 mg/kg (p < .05), beyond which they remained significantly unchanged (p > .05). Muscle lipid content significantly declined with increasing dietary Zn level. While muscle and serum Zn contents were not significantly changed among treatments (p > .05), liver Zn content tended to rise with increasing dietary Zn supplementation. Alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were also raised with increasing dietary Zn level. The adequate amount of dietary Zn requirements for the Siberian sturgeon was estimated to be 28.24 mg/kg based on the relative growth rate and 34.60 mg/kg based on the liver Zn content. 相似文献
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Bahram Falahatkar Khalil Eslamloo Saichiro Yokoyama 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2014,45(6):699-708
A study was performed to investigate the influence of dietary lactoferrin (LF) on growth and stress responses of juvenile Siberian sturgeon. Fish were fed six experimental diets (0, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 mg LF/kg diet) for 10 wk. At the end of the experiment, fish were exposed to an acute stressor of 2‐min air exposure. The levels of cortisol, glucose, and lactate were measured before and at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h after stress. LF supplementation did not influence the fish growth. Cortisol and lactate, but not glucose level, were significantly affected by dietary LF. Cortisol levels in the control group rose twofold 1 h after stress and were significantly higher than that in LF groups. Moreover, the lowest level of cortisol at all sampling times (prestress and poststress) was observed in fish fed 400 mg LF/kg diet. Lactate concentrations in sturgeon fed 400 mg LF/kg markedly rose 1 h after stress, albeit changes in other LF groups were not significant. Results of this study show that dietary LF can suppress the stress responses in Siberian sturgeon, while 400 mg LF/kg diet appears to be an effective dietary level for this species to reduce stress. 相似文献
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Régis Moreau Sadasivam J. Kaushik Konrad Dabrowski 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1996,15(5):431-438
A study was conducted to evaluate tissue storage and mobilisation of L-ascorbic acid (AA) in the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri) fed three different experimental diets. The three treatments consisted of a diet devoid of vitamin C (diet A0) and two diets supplemented with equivalent of 300 mg AA kg–1 in the form of either silicone-coated ascorbic acid (diet SC) or of ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate (diet AP). During the first phase (4 months) of the trial, six batches of 130 Siberian sturgeon (initial body weight: 25.5±0.5 g) each were fed one of the three diets in duplicate. During the second phase (3 months), fish from groups SC and AP were switched to diet A0 and those fed diet A0 during the first phase were switched to diet SC. Irrespective of the dietary treatment, growth rates were not significantly different from each other. At the end of phase I, in all tissues studied, total ascorbic acid (TAA) concentrations were higher in Siberian sturgeon fed diet AP than in the other two groups. During phase II, tissue ascorbate depletion was also higher in the AP group than in the other two groups. Transfer of the AA-free diet fed group onto a diet supplemented with 300 mg AA kg–1 (diet SC) led to a slight increase in the TAA concentrations in all tissues. Blood plasma tyrosine concentrations were not significantly different between the three groups. Whole-body collagen levels were affected by dietary AA levels or forms at the end of phase I; the differences were not significant at the end of phase II. Muscle collagen levels were slightly affected. L-Gulonolactone oxidase activity was found in the kidney of Siberian sturgeon, but not in the liver. The ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate appears to be either better utilised by Siberian sturgeon, like in many other teleosts, or more stable than the silicone-coated AA during food processing and storage. Presence of L-gulonolactone oxidase activity in Siberian sturgeon kidney combined with the absence of gross scorbutic signs in AA-free diet fed groups expressing very good growth rates suggested no need of dietary AA byA. baeri. 相似文献
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Liansheng Wang Hong Xu Yang Wang Chang’an Wang Jinnan Li Zhigang Zhao Liang Luo Xue Du Qiyou Xu 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2017,43(3):901-909
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the supplementation of vitamin D3 on the growth, vitamin D metabolites, and osteocalcin secretion in juvenile Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). A 90-day growth trial was conducted with juvenile Siberian sturgeon (initial body weight 3.47 ± 0.14 g) fed seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic practical diets (45% CP and 13% lipid) containing 60 (basal diet), 240, 450, 880, 1670, 3300, or 1.0 × 105 IU/kg feed (D60~D 1.0 × 105) vitamin D3. The results showed that weight gain and specific growth rate increased as the dietary vitamin D3 levels increased from 450 to 3300 IU/kg (P < 0.05). The fish fed with D1670 and D3300 diets had higher crude lipid and ash levels than the fish fed the D60 diet (P < 0.05). The fish fed D880, D1670, or D3300 diets had higher 25-OH-D3 and 1,25-(OH)2-D3 levels than the fish fed the D60 diet (P < 0.05). The fish fed D880, D1670, D3300, or D1.0 × 105 diets had higher osteocalcin levels than the fish fed the D60 diet (P < 0.05). Based on the broken line method analysis of weight gain and osteocalcin, the dietary vitamin D3 requirement of juvenile Siberian sturgeon was estimated to be 1683.30 and 1403.27 IU/kg per diet, respectively. 相似文献
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Sedigheh Babaei Abdolmohammad Abedian Kenari Mehdi Hedayati Mohammad Ali Yazdani Sadati Isidoro Metón 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2016,42(6):1509-1520
Many fish species undergo natural starvation periods. Adaptation to starvation is possible through the activation of behavioral, biochemical and physiological mechanisms. Knowledge of the effect of dietary nutrients on the intermediary metabolism during starvation and refeeding can be useful to improve fish health and optimize aquaculture production. To analyze the effect of dietary nutrients on liver metabolism of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) submitted to starvation and refeeding, four isoenergetic diets differing in nutrient composition were designed: LP-St (38 % protein, 12 % lipid, 36 % carbohydrate), HP-St (44 % protein, 10 % lipid, 30 % carbohydrate), LP-L (38 % protein, 18 % lipid, 25 % carbohydrate) and HP-L (44 % protein, 16 % lipid, 22 % carbohydrate). Four groups of fish were fed 3 weeks to satiety with the corresponding diet, starved for 2 weeks and then refeed 5 weeks to satiety on the same diet. Starvation mobilized the hepatic lipid store to a greater extent than glycogen. Starvation increased superoxide dismutase activity irrespective of the diet, while low protein diets (LP-St and LP-L) increased catalase activity. The oxidative damage decreased after 5 weeks of refeeding. Refeeding the starved fish on the HP-St diet promoted the greatest growth performance. In addition to reporting for the first time the effect of diet composition on growth, liver composition and antioxidant activities in Siberian sturgeon submitted to starvation and refeeding, our findings suggest that refeeding on HP-St diet stimulated the use of dietary carbohydrates and allowed a protein sparing effect in Siberian sturgeon. 相似文献