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为探讨长江和黄河水系中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)在黄河流域生长性能，本实验2021年3-11月在东营黄河口地区以长江和黄河水系中华绒螯蟹扣蟹为实验对象，对两水系中华绒螯蟹扣蟹在成蟹阶段的养殖性能和性腺发育进行比较。结果显示：(1)在相似或相同养殖环境下，养殖前期(3-5月),两水系中华绒螯蟹平均体质量变化无明显差异。但在养殖后期(7-9月)长江蟹雌体的平均体质量显著高于黄河蟹。两水系中华绒螯蟹特定生长率(SGR)和增重率(WGR)的变化趋势类似，长江蟹雌体在5-7月SGR和WGR均显著高于黄河蟹。(2)就生殖蜕壳而言，黄河蟹生殖蜕壳要提前长江蟹10～15 d左右，但两水系成蟹雌、雄个体生殖蜕壳高峰期相似，分别出现于8月底和9月初。(3)长江蟹最终成蟹规格显著大于黄河蟹，但黄河蟹成活率高于长江蟹，故两水系中华绒螯蟹的最终成蟹产量基本一致。综上，在黄河口地区养殖的长江蟹具有成蟹规格大，性腺成熟略晚等特点，而黄河蟹则具有性腺成熟较早，早上市等特点。 相似文献
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通过研究大豆浓缩蛋白(SPC)对中华绒螯蟹生长的影响,来对大豆浓缩蛋白在中华绒螯蟹养殖饵料中替代鱼粉的前景进行了评估。在为期5 0d的实验饲养期间,我们用六组含有不同含量大豆浓缩蛋白的鱼粉饵料在(2 4±1)℃的温度下分别饲喂中华绒螯蟹,并且从生长情况和身体组成两方面进行了科学的研究。结果显示用全鱼粉饵料(对照组)和含有11% ,2 2 % ,33% ,4 4 %和5 6 %的SPC的饵料喂养的中华绒螯蟹生长情况不同。前五组饵料喂养的中华绒螯蟹生长情况没有显著的差异,而鱼粉被SPC完全替代的饵料对生长有抑制作用。基于实验各项结果,SPC替代鱼粉的合适比率大约为37.93%～5 6 .89%。 相似文献
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用α-苯基苯并吡喃作为饲料添加剂饲喂中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)10 d后,测定了其对中华绒螯蟹血淋巴细胞中相关免疫因子的影响。实验设3个α-苯基苯并吡喃添加重复组,分别为A组(2 mg/kg)、B组(4 mg/kg)、C组(6 mg/kg)和1个对照重复组(0 mg/kg)。结果表明:α-苯基苯并吡喃添加剂量为4 mg/kg(B组)可显著地提高中华绒螯蟹血淋巴细胞中酚氧化酶(PO)、溶菌酶(LSZ)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活力(P<0.05),说明具有生物活性的α-苯基苯并吡喃可刺激中华绒螯蟹机体免疫相关酶活性的提高。 相似文献
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在基础饲料中分别添加0.25%、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%、4.0%、8.0%、16.0%的蛹虫草培养残基(简称虫草基),以基础饲料为对照,饲喂规格为(4.0±1.0)g的中华绒螯蟹75 d,测定中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)常规营养成分、肌肉与血清氨基酸及肝胰腺脂肪酸含量,研究虫草基对中华绒螯蟹营养品质的影响。结果显示:(1)虫草基对中华绒螯蟹水分和蛋白含量无影响(P>0.05),0.5%和1.0%添加组的全蟹、肌肉、肝胰腺粗脂肪含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。(2)适量添加虫草基可增加中华绒螯蟹肌肉游离氨基酸含量,0.5%～2.0%的添加组显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但对氨基酸组成及主要呈味氨基酸含量影响不显著(P>0.05);1.0%和16.0%添加组中华绒螯蟹血清氨基酸和主要呈味氨基酸含量明显提高(P<0.05)。(3)虫草基的添加可提高肝胰腺不饱和脂肪酸及必需脂肪酸含量,且1.0%添加组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。饲料中添加适量的虫草基可提高中华绒螯蟹肌肉与血清的游离氨基酸、血清必需氨基酸、肝胰腺不饱和脂肪酸和必需脂肪酸含量,从而改善中华绒螯蟹营养品质。 相似文献
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中华绒螯蟹、日本绒螯蟹及其杂交种性腺发育和生化组成的比较 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
研究了中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)、日本绒螯蟹(E.japonica)及其杂交种成蟹性腺指数、肝胰腺指数、出肉率、总可食率及其常规生化成分,结果显示:(1)中华绒螯蟹的精巢指数显著高于其它两种群蟹,但其肝胰腺指数、出肉率和总可食率均无显著差异;中华绒螯蟹的卵巢指数也显著高于日本绒螯蟹和杂交蟹,而杂交蟹的肝胰腺指数显著高于其它两种群蟹。(2)中华绒螯蟹、日本绒螯蟹和杂交种精巢中水分、蛋白和脂肪含量分别最低,日本绒螯蟹精巢中碳水化合物含量最高;杂交种肝胰腺蛋白、脂肪和碳水化合物含量均最高,日本绒螯蟹肌肉中脂肪含量显著低于其它两种群。(3)日本绒螯蟹卵巢水分含量显著高于其它两种群蟹,蛋白、脂肪和碳水化合物含量显著低于其它两种群;日本绒螯蟹肝胰腺的水分和蛋白含量最高,但脂肪含量最低,杂交种肝胰腺中脂肪含量最高、水分含量最低;日本绒螯蟹肌肉中的水分含量最高,其它生化成分含量最低;中华绒螯蟹肌肉的水分含量最低,其它生化成分含量最高。整体上,中华绒螯蟹具有早熟特性,不同种群绒螯蟹性腺中的主要生化成分含量可能与其发育阶段有关,杂交蟹肝胰腺中脂肪含量较高,日本绒螯蟹肌肉中脂肪含量较低。 相似文献
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渔光一体池塘光伏区和非光伏区中华绒螯蟹二龄蟹的养殖生长比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《淡水渔业》2021,51(3)
为了解渔光一体模式下中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)池塘养殖生长规律,在渔光一体池塘内,分别在光伏覆盖区域和非光伏覆盖区域开展中华绒螯蟹养殖实验,比较光伏区和非光伏区中华绒螯蟹二龄蟹的生长情况。结果显示,6月份之前,非光伏区中华绒螯蟹显示出一定的生长优势,6月份之后光伏区中华绒螯蟹的生长优势突出,生长速度和规格均明显超过非光伏区,且光伏区最终的养成规格、产量(高13.06个百分点)、成活率(高6.2个百分点)等均体现出明显优势。实验结果证实了光伏遮光对河蟹养殖具有显著优势。 相似文献
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不同增养殖模式中华绒螯蟹脂肪酸比较分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
对不同增养殖模式下中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)可食部分脂肪酸的分析结果显示:中华绒螯蟹有脂肪酸18种,分别为5种饱和脂肪酸,3种单烯酸,10种多烯酸。各脂肪酸中以油酸含量最高,不饱和脂肪酸的含量极显著高于饱和脂肪酸(P<0.01);就营养品质指标(单烯酸、多烯酸、必需脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸)而言,以湖泊网围模式脂肪酸营养品质为优。以棕桐油酸(C16∶l)和硬脂酸(C18∶0)为风味评价指标(脂肪酸角度),结果得出以湖泊放流中华绒螯蟹最为味美。 相似文献
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配饵中大豆浓缩蛋白不同含量对中华绒螯蟹氮、磷排泄的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以鱼粉和大豆浓缩蛋白(SPC)为主要饵料蛋白源,配制了大豆浓缩蛋白水平分别为0%、11%、22%、33%、44%、56%的系列饵料,替代鱼粉的比例分别为0%、18.64%、37.93%、56.89%、77.19和100%。经70d投喂,测定中华绒螯蟹氨氮和活性磷酸盐排泄率。结果表明,当SPC替代鱼粉的比例为0%～56.89%时,中华绒螯蟹的氨氮排泄率虽有所升高,但没有显著差异(P>0.05);SPC的替代比例超过56.89%时,中华绒螯蟹的氨氮排泄率则显著性升高(P<0.05);SPC替代鱼粉的比例与中华绒螯蟹氨氮排泄率的相关方程为y=0.1197x 0.168(R2=0.8131)。SPC替代鱼粉的比例与中华绒螯蟹活性磷酸盐排泄率成显著负相关,方程为y=-0.0739x 0.6246(R2=0.9489)。 相似文献
11.
Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
12.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
17.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
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Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
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There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献