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采用浸叶法测定了46种常用杀菌剂对家蚕的急性毒性,结果表明:30％吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂对家蚕的毒性等级为高毒(0.5200 mg/L).根据各种农药田间推荐施用浓度与LC50的比值(毒性比分级法),30％吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂对家蚕具有极高风险性,50％氟醚菌酰胺水分散粒剂等6种杀菌剂对家蚕具有高风险性,430 g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂等20种杀菌剂对家蚕具有中等风险性,40％腈菌唑悬浮剂等19种杀菌剂对家蚕具有低风险性.田间喷药试验结果表明:7种对家蚕高风险性杀菌剂和325 g/L苯甲·嘧菌酯悬浮剂推荐浓度药液喷于桑叶后对家蚕具有不同程度的毒性残留,其中30％吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂1000倍(300 mg/L)和42.4％唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂1000倍(424 mg/L)的残毒期均超过60 d.因此,桑园及附近农作物应避免施用对家蚕毒性强、安全风险大、在桑叶上残留时间长的杀菌剂品种,防止污染桑叶而导致养蚕中毒损失. 相似文献
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以5年生瑞雪苹果为材料,调查黑星病发病规律及其同气候变化的关系;通过田间药效试验,测试了11种杀菌剂对苹果黑星病的防治效果。结果表明：苹果黑星病在西南昭通苹果产区于3月中下旬遇雨后越冬孢子开始萌发并侵染,4月底至5月初开始显症,之后随雨水增多病叶率呈指数型增长,6月底达到发病高峰,之后随雨水减少、叶片成熟而趋于稳定。选择的11种防控药剂中,20%氟唑菌酰羟胺SC、40%嘧霉胺SC、50%醚菌酯WG、40%氟硅唑EC四种药剂的防治效果最好,30%吡唑醚菌酯SC、30%氟菌唑WP、10%苯醚甲环唑WG、40%氯氟醚菌唑SC、50%氟醚菌酰胺WG防治效果中等,其余药剂防治效果较差。 相似文献
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研究了广西右江河谷地区芒果中农药残留现状,并做了人群的膳食风险评估,旨在为芒果农产品的农业主管部门监管提供科学依据。在右江河谷产区采集99份芒果样品,对样品中107种农药残留进行分析检测,并运用点评估方法对农药残留膳食摄入风险进行评估。结果表明,芒果的检出农药类型上,以甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂为主,检出率高达61.61%;累计检出20种农药残留,样品检出率为80.80%,其中吡唑醚菌酯检出率最高,达到46.46%;按照GB 2763-2021判定,超标数量达到14份,占总样品数量的14.14%,吡唑醚菌酯和氯氟氰菊酯两种农药超标;检出农药对成人和儿童的慢性膳食摄入%ADI在0.00 -2.43 %之间,其中氯氟氰菊酯、联苯菊酯对儿童的急性膳食摄入%ARfD分别为101.82%、136.16 %,所有检出农药对成人的急性膳食摄入%ARfD均小于100 %。广西右江河谷地区芒果中多农药组分残留情况明显,吡唑醚菌酯和氯氟氰菊酯需要重点监测关注;儿童对芒果中摄入氯氟氰菊酯和联苯菊酯的农药残留急性膳食有一定的暴露风险,成人对芒果中检出的所有农药急、慢性膳食暴露风险极低。 相似文献
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选8种绿A生产可用杀菌剂对蓝莓炭疽病病菌进行室内毒力测定,试验结果表明：对引起蓝莓炭疽病的两种主要病原菌均具有较好抑菌作用的杀菌剂为吡吡唑醚菌酯、氟环唑、丙环唑、咯菌腈;排除2种对两种病原菌抑制效果均差的药剂,将其余 6种药剂进行田间药效试验,结果表明：在试验条件下,250 g /L 吡唑醚菌酯 EC1800 倍液、125g/L氟环唑SC 1500倍液、25%丙环唑EC 1000倍液均对蓝莓炭疽病具有较好的防治效果 相似文献
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近年来芒果炭疽病在贵州芒果园发生普遍、危害极重,通过本研究掌握芒果胶孢炭疽菌（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz）对不同杀菌剂的毒力及田间防治效果,将为芒果炭疽病的防治提供理论依据。采用生长速率法测定13种杀菌剂对芒果胶孢炭疽菌的毒力,结果表明：13种杀菌剂中450g/L咪鲜胺EW对胶孢炭疽菌抑菌效果最好,EC50小于0.01mg/l,250克/升吡唑醚菌酯EC、50%氟啶胺SC、50%多菌灵WP和12.5%氟环唑SC的EC50均小于1 mg/L,对胶孢炭疽菌具有较好抑菌效果。芒果幼果期进行田间防治,结果表明：450g/L咪鲜胺EW1500倍液、250克/升吡唑醚菌酯EC1250倍液、50%多菌灵WP1000倍液、12.5%氟环唑SC2000倍液、250g/L嘧菌酯SC1250倍液、50%氟啶胺SC1500倍液和70%甲基硫菌灵WP1000倍液等7种药剂可相对有效地控制芒果炭疽病的发生,防效为57.57%~65.57%。该研究将为贵州芒果炭疽病的防治提供理论依据及技术支撑。 相似文献
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为筛选出减少杨梅落果、烂果,延长货架期的高效药剂,科学指导杨梅生产,进行了采前4种药剂田间试验。结果表明：防控采前落果试验,同种药剂2次处理效果优于1次处理,42.8 %氟菌·肟菌酯SC减少落果效果最佳,1 500倍效果优于2 000倍,其次为325 g/L苯甲·嘧菌酯SC 1 500倍和250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯SC 2 000倍,500 g/L氟啶胺SC 1 500倍减少落果效果相对低;由于试验过程中树上未见烂果,未观察到药剂对采前烂果防控效果;采后静置贮藏保鲜效果试验,同种药剂2次处理效果优于1次处理,42.8 %氟菌·肟菌酯SC 1 500倍和500 g/L氟啶胺SC 1 500倍对杨梅采后保鲜效果较好,能延长货架期,250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯SC 2 000倍有一定效果,42.8 %氟菌·肟菌酯SC 2 000倍和325 g/L苯甲·嘧菌酯SC 1 500倍效果较低。采前科学合理用药,对杨梅安全生产具有重要意义。 相似文献
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通过建立啶氧菌酯在香蕉中的残留检测方法,研究香蕉中啶氧菌酯的残留行为,评估其可能存在的膳食风险。采用外标法定量,在添加浓度0.02～1.0 mg/kg范围内,香蕉中啶氧菌酯的平均回收率为101.4～109.2%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.1～4.0%,最小检出量为0.01ng,最低检出浓度为0.02 mg/kg。啶氧菌酯在香蕉中的降解符合一级动力学方程,降解半衰期为7.7～13.9 d,最终残留量的最大值为0.045 mg/kg,在施药60天后啶氧菌酯在香蕉中的降解率大于99.6%。膳食风险评估结果显示,我国普通成人啶氧菌酯的国家估计每日摄入量(NEDI)为0.35 mg,风险商值(RQ)为0.06,远远小于1,在该试验条件下,香蕉中啶氧菌酯的残留水平不会对普通成人造成膳食风险。 相似文献
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通过大田试验研究了锐收果香 (400克/升氯氟醚.吡唑酯悬浮剂)、健达(42.4%唑醚.氟酰胺悬浮剂)、碧翠(16%二氰.吡唑醚水分散粒剂)、善常 (35%苯甲-吡唑酯悬浮剂)、阿米妙收(325克/升苯甲.嘧菌酯悬浮剂)、露娜森(43%氟吡菌酰胺.肟菌酯悬浮剂)、拿敌稳(75%肟菌脂.戊唑醇水分散粒剂)七种药剂不同剂量对火龙果溃疡病(Neoscytalidium dimidiatum)的防治效果及其对火龙果产量的影响。研究结果表明：分别以有效成份量270克/公顷、360克/公顷、360克/公顷、270克/公顷、292.5克/公顷、193.5克/公顷、225克/公顷,在火龙果生长旺盛期,溃疡病发生初期(处于开花初期),对火龙果茎叶全株喷药三次,隔10天一次,七种药剂不同剂量在末次药后14天防效都在64%以上;其中,健达360克/公顷、阿米妙收292.5克/公顷、露娜森193.5克/公顷、拿敌稳225克/公顷处理防效在7个处理防治效果超过80%,经过田间测产,健达360克/公顷、阿米妙收292.5克/公顷、露娜森193.5克/公顷、拿敌稳225克/公顷处理产量在7个处理中最高,四个处理的增产率超过10%,整个试验的分析和综合观察,健达360克/公顷、阿米妙收292.5克/公顷、露娜森193.5克/公顷、拿敌稳225克/公顷四个处理,对火龙果溃疡病的防治效果最好。 相似文献
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为筛选出防治沙糖橘采后腐烂的高效低毒杀菌剂,本实验分析测定了咪鲜胺、抑霉唑、嘧菌酯、吡唑醚菌酯、苯醚甲环唑和甲基硫菌灵6种化学杀菌剂对沙糖橘采后腐烂率、失重率、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量的影响,以及其在果皮、全果和果肉中的残留量变化。研究结果表明,咪鲜胺、抑霉唑、嘧菌酯和甲基硫菌灵可有效防治沙糖橘采后腐烂。药剂处理可在一定程度上降低果实失重率以及可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量。根据GB 2763-2016规定,在柑橘中咪鲜胺、抑霉唑、嘧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑的最大限量分别为5 mg/kg、5 mg/kg、1 mg/kg和0.2 mg/kg。吡唑醚菌酯和甲基硫菌灵参照葡萄中的最大限量分别是2 mg/kg 和3 mg/kg。经抑霉唑、嘧菌酯和甲基硫菌灵处理的沙糖橘,在处理后第3 d果皮、全果和果肉中杀菌剂残留量低于最高限量。经咪鲜胺和吡唑醚菌酯乳油处理的果实,在处理后第3 d果皮中药剂残留量高于限量,全果和果肉中药剂残留量低于限量。经苯醚甲环唑处理的果实在处理后第3 d果皮和全果中残留量高于限值,果肉中残留量低于限值。 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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