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从2006年1月1日起，欧盟全面禁止食品动物使用抗生素促生长饲料添加剂。最后4种允许作为促生长用途的抗生素饲料添加剂—黄霉素、效霉素、盐霉素和莫能霉素也停止使用。欧盟禁用动物抗生素添加剂的措施不仅激化了欧盟和其他国家之间的畜产品贸易战，而且对全球畜牧业也产生了深远影响。正确理解欧盟禁止食品动物使用抗生素促生长饲料添加剂的依据、检视禁用措施对欧盟畜牧业和公众健康产生的影响、并与其他发达国家进行比较，对于科学思考和制定相应的应对措施，是十分重要和紧迫的问题。本文作者认为，对于中国来说，应当对欧盟禁用措施的历史背景、科学依据和政治因素做出全面客观的了解，在此基础上制定符合中国国情的对策。 相似文献
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对欧盟禁用动物抗生素添加剂的再思考 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从2006年1月1日起,欧盟全面禁止食品动物使用抗生素促生长饲料添加剂,激化了欧盟和其他国家之间的畜产品贸易战,并对全球畜牧业也产生了深远影响。正确理解欧盟禁止食品动物使用抗生素促生长饲料添加剂的依据、检视禁用措施对欧盟畜牧业和公众健康产生的影响、并与其他发达国家进行比较,对于科学思考和制定相应的应对措施,是十分重要和紧迫的问题。 相似文献
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再思考欧盟禁用动物抗生素添加剂 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从2006年1月1日起,欧盟全面禁止食品动物使用抗生素促生长饲料添加剂。最后4种允许作为促生长用途的抗生素饲料添加剂——黄霉素、效霉素、盐霉素和莫能霉素也停止使用。欧盟禁用动物抗生素添加剂的措施不仅激化了欧盟和其他国家之间的畜产品贸易战,而且对全球畜牧业也产生了一定影响。 相似文献
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家禽无抗生素日粮饲养的问题及策略 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
饲用抗生素的应用大大提高了畜禽生产水平,使畜牧业规模化、集约化生产成为可能,但其引发的药物残留问题和耐药性问题一直是人们争论的焦点。越来越多的国家倾向于禁用抗生素饲料添加剂,瑞典1986年首先提出禁用促生长抗生素,随后禁止在饲料中使用促生长抗生素的国家有丹麦、德国和芬兰。欧盟1999年禁用了四种抗生素类生长促进剂:弗吉尼亚霉素、螺旋霉素、泰乐菌素和杆菌肽锌,这些都是世界各地常用于饲料中的抗生素。欧盟在2002年通过了一项提案,要在2006年全面禁止抗生素作为饲料添加剂使用。与此同时,禁用促生长抗生素的不利之处是增加了为… 相似文献
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谭荣炳 《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2014,(8):28-32
随着抗生素作为饲料添加剂的广泛使用,在给养殖业带来巨大经济效益的同时,其中的弊端也逐渐被人们所认识。抗生素的滥用和长期使用导致动物肠道重复感染和二重感染,同时导致病原微生物产生耐药性、动物产品产生药物残留、畜产品品质降低等,从而对微生态安全和食品安全产生重大威胁。在这种情况下,许多国家和地区都已禁止或即将禁止抗生素作为饲料添加剂使用,但随之而来的问题是养殖经济效益下降、动物疾病增加等。为了降低抗生素禁用带来的养殖效益的损失,各国学者都在寻求抗生素的理想替代品。 相似文献
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甘露低聚糖可以替代抗生素饲喂断奶仔猪 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
长期以来，抗生素生长促进剂被广泛用作畜禽日粮的饲料添加剂，对促进畜牧业发展起到了重要作用。但是，由于长期饲喂抗生素可以引起细菌耐药性增加和造成动物性食品抗生素残留等副作用，对人体健康与食品安全造成威胁，越来越多的国家采取了禁止使用抗生素作为饲料添加剂的做法，对动物性食品中抗生索残留的要求越来越严格，欧盟已经决定从2006年起禁止使用所有的抗生素作为动物饲料添加剂。近几年来，虽然我国对抗生素生长促进剂的使用也进行了限制．但是，许多发达国家禁用的抗生素生长促进剂还在作为饲料添加剂使用，抗生素残留成为我国动物性食品进入国际市场的一个壁垒，制约了我国动物性食品的国际市场竞争力。因此，研制抗生素生长促进剂的替代品成为国内外饲料研究与生产的一个热点。 相似文献
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随着社会的进步和人们生活水平的不断提高, 人们越来越注意食品的安全卫生。近年来许多国家 先后作出限用或禁用抗生素作饲料添加剂的决定, 特别是欧盟已法定从２０００年开始在所有成员国全 面禁止使用抗生素作饲料添加剂。１９９６年欧盟禁止 从我国进口禽肉的决定对我国畜牧业造成巨大损失 和压力。面对这种形势,我们必须找到一种能够替代 抗生素的无公害饲料添加剂。 近年来,随着畜牧业的发展,中国广大兽医科学 工作者在科学实验和生产实践中,运用独特的中医 药理论体系和应用形式,大胆探索,开拓创新,开发 利用中草药资源,在… 相似文献
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从2006年1月1日起．欧盟广泛禁用抗生素作为促生长素在动物饲料中使用。这最后的4种抗生素一直以来被允许作为饲料添加剂来提高动物和家禽的生长和饲料效益．但从2006年1月1日起将不再被允许销售和使用。 相似文献
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减抗、限抗、禁抗及其替代方案对生猪养殖的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
药物添加剂作为饲料添加剂应用于畜牧业生产,在促进动物生长和提高其抗病力等方面发挥了重要作用。但随着时间的推移,抗生素的滥用也引发了诸如药物残留、细菌耐药性及环境污染等问题,减抗、限抗乃至禁抗已刻不容缓。文章综述了药物饲料添加剂发展历程、种类、作用以及减抗、限抗、禁抗及其替代方案对生猪养殖的影响。 相似文献
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替代抗生素饲料添加剂研究进展 《畜牧与饲料科学》2021,42(3):39-42
抗生素作为主要的饲料添加剂在几十年的广泛应用过程中造成了致病菌耐药性增强、动物免疫力降低、影响动物疫苗的效价、通过食物链影响人体健康等亟待解决的问题。我国农业农村部已发布公告,自2020年起我国饲料全面禁止添加使用抗生素类添加剂,饲料行业正式进入“无抗时代”。长期以来,研究人员积极寻求研发各种抗生素替代品及绿色无害的饲料添加剂,以消除或减轻禁用抗生素带来的一系列影响。就目前主要抗生素替代品的抗菌特点及抗菌机理进行综述,旨在为“禁抗”后抗菌性添加剂在饲料中的应用提供参考。 相似文献
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As the global population continues to grow, food needs will increase as well. The amount of land and other resources devoted to agriculture production is not expected to grow significantly, leading most to agree that the substantial increases in food production to meet food security needs will come through the development of technologies that improve production efficiency. Diseases are constant threats to efficiency in all segments of agriculture. In livestock production, many of the bacterial pathogens that infect food animals are controlled through the use of antimicrobials. Antimicrobials are currently used in the United States not only to treat specific diseases, but also as feed additives to prevent bacterial disease in general or to improve growth performance. In recent years, there have been several proposals in the United States, both at state and federal levels, aimed at curtailing or dramatically reducing the use antimicrobials as feed additives, creating a policy similar to that of the European Union. Here we review the current policies on antimicrobial use in the European Union and their impact on food animal production. In addition, we discuss the future of antimicrobial use in food animal production in the United States and the increasing role of biosecurity programs. Finally, we discuss the role of Cooperative Extension Service in creating improved biosecurity programs and extension programs that provide policy makers and voters information on modern food animal production practices and technologies so that policies and regulations are effective and appropriate. 相似文献
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Antibiotic growth promoters for the view of animal nutrition 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Kamphues J 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1999,112(10-11):370-379
From 01. 07./09. 1999 on six further antibiotic growth promoters have been banned--with only four substances remaining in this group of feed additives. Therefore, the discussion on a possible induction of bacterial resistance by antibiotic growth promoters, especially in potentially pathogenic bacteria, will sooner or later come to an end which is not least in the interest of the reputation of animal husbandry and food of animal origin. Unfortunately, no short-term solution for health problems by legislation--especially in the gastrointestinal tract--during rearing and the beginning of the fattening period is possible as experiences in Sweden have distinctively shown. Anyway, growth promoting feed additives were not a cure-all of rearing problems, in spite of their use considerable amounts of antibiotics were prescribed during this period. But growth promoters (especially chinoxalines) were most suitable for the prophylaxis of a microbial imbalance in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, after the ban of these effective representatives of feed additives the amount of prescribed antimicrobial drugs for metaphylaxis and therapy should be critically observed. The questions of practicable alternatives will be primarily addressed to the fields of animal nutrition, veterinary medicine and feed industry. To answer these questions and to evolve new solutions (as well as to check their suitability in practice) is considerably more intricate than simply to ban these substances which is more attractive for the media, however. It is no progressive solution to give up antimicrobial growth promoters as feed additives and to use the same substances (for example olaquindox) as therapeutics now (prescribed by veterinarians) or to switch to zincoxide or copper (in a dosage high above all nutrient requirements) in order to prevent postweaning problems due to E. coli. But one has to take into consideration the reasons for the use of antibiotics (growth promoters and therapeutics) or other "aids" (e.g. ZnO, Cu) in food producing animals (especially in beef-cattle, pigs and poultry) in "modern" production systems. The matter for conflict is the contrast between a minimised use of antimicrobial substances, as science as well as general public demand, and the requirements of "modern" livestock industry (rationalisation, increase in performance, specialisation, concentration) and general economy (save of resources, lowering of production costs). These well-known and expected problems arise in an almost exemplary manner in the case of antibiotic growth promoting feed additives. Therefore it is most difficult to impart suggestions to the persons involved as well as to the public. 相似文献
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Antimicrobials given in subtherapeutic levels in feed are credited with having contributed to lower cost of meat, milk and eggs. The practice often is associated with the acquisition of resistant enteric flora by the involved animals, and this may in turn contribute to the human reservoir of antimicrobial resistant coliforms and salmonellae. Associated farm workers may transiently acquire resistant flora and on rare occasions develop salmonellosis. Although irrefutable evidence of growth promotant properties of antibiotics in animal feed was provided 30 to 40 years ago, additional studies on mechanisms of the effect are presently needed. It may be possible to identify factors effective in promoting growth without deleterious effects on flora. A national surveillance programme of antimicrobial utilisation (both subtherapeutic and therapeutic) among food producing animals should be established. Molecular epidemiologic research efforts will need to be undertaken to establish whether genetic information of animal origin importantly contributes to the human environmental pool of antimicrobial resistance. In the meantime, it does not appear that the use of drugs as feed additives, while allowing their unrestricted use for therapy in both animals and persons, would favorably influence the problems of antimicrobial resistance of salmonellosis in human populations. 相似文献
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《动物营养（英文）》2021,7(3):896-904
In the last few years, feed additives have been used in animal nutrition to improve nutrient utilization, health parameters and animal performance. However, the use of antibiotics as feed additives has allowed the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which can bring as a consequence, an increase in the morbidity and mortality of diseases that were previously treatable with antibiotics. In this context, antimicrobial peptides (AMP) have appeared as a promising strategy because they have multiple biological activities and represent a powerful strategy to prevent the development of resistant microorganisms. Despite the small number of studies applied in vivo, AMP appear as a potent alternative to the use of antibiotics in animal nutrition, due to an increase in feed efficiency and the prevention/treatment of some animal diseases. This review discusses the problems associated with antimicrobial resistance and the use of AMP as a strong candidate to replace conventional antibiotics, mainly in the animal industry. 相似文献