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1.
吴剑平  严凤  张婧  王博  黄士新  曹莹  张晶 《中国饲料》2023,(13):106-112
为建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定水产饲料中乙撑脲(EU)和乙撑硫脲(ETU)残留量的分析方法,取均质后的水产饲料样品经1%(V/V)氨水乙腈溶液提取,加入氯化钠和无水硫酸镁进行脱水和盐析,高速离心分层后,取适量乙腈层溶液经0.1%(V:V)甲酸稀释后,用20 mg季铵盐(PSA)进行样品净化并以10000 r/min离心取上清液,使用石墨化炭黑柱进行分离,流动相为0.1%甲酸与0.1%甲酸乙腈,采用梯度程序进行洗脱,串联质谱进行定量分析。结果表明:乙撑脲和乙撑硫脲在10～1000μg/kg内线性关系良好(r>0.995),方法的最低检出限为5μg/kg,最低定量限为10μg/kg,添加回收率为77.66%～106.31%,批内批间变异系数CV<10%。该方法具有较好的准确度与精密度,适用于水产饲料中二硫代甲酸酯类农药所引入的乙撑脲和乙撑硫脲残留量的测定。  相似文献   

2.
建立了超高效液相色谱-静电轨道阱质谱联用测定禽蛋中五氯苯酚残留量的分析方法。取均质后的禽蛋样品经乙腈溶液提取,加入无水硫酸镁和氯化钠进行脱水和盐析,高速离心分层后,取适量乙腈层溶液经0.1%(V∶V)甲酸稀释后,用酸性氧化铝粉末进行样品净化并以10000 r/min离心取上清液,过0.22μm滤膜后上机测定。使用反相色谱柱进行分离,流动相为乙腈:0.1%甲酸=75∶25,采用等度程序进行洗脱,静电轨道阱质谱进行定性定量分析。结果表明,五氯苯酚在0.5~100μg/kg范围内线性关系良好(r>0.995),方法的最低检出限为0.2μg/kg,最低定量限为0.5μg/kg,添加回收率在74.43%~96.85%之间,批内批间变异系数CV%<10%。该方法具有较好的准确度与精密度,适用于禽蛋中五氯苯酚残留量的测定。  相似文献   

3.
建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定牛羊可食性组织中巴氯芬残留量的分析方法。取均质后的动物组织经80%(V/V)乙腈甲酸溶液提取,加入无水硫酸镁和氯化钠进行脱水和盐析,高速离心分层后合并提取液,取适量乙腈层溶液经prime HLB直过式固相萃取柱净化后,以40℃氮气吹干。残渣以15%乙腈甲酸溶液复溶后以反相C18为固定相,0.1%甲酸与0.1%甲酸乙腈为流动相,采用梯度洗脱程序进行分离,以串联质谱进行同位素内标法定性定量分析。巴氯芬在0.5～50μg/kg范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9994),方法的最低检出限为0.25μg/kg,最低定量限为0.50μg/kg,添加回收率在89.09%～109.52%内,批内批间变异系数(CV)小于10%。该方法具有较好的准确度与精密度,适用于牛羊可食性组织中巴氯芬残留量的测定。  相似文献   

4.
建立了检测猪肉样品中新型兽药盐酸沃尼妙林残留的快速超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）确证方法。样品使用乙腈提取,在提取过程中同时加入正己烷去除脂质杂质,离心后取乙腈提取液,浓缩至干,用1 mL 0.1%甲酸水∶乙腈（60∶40,V∶V）复溶上机。以反相C18柱作为分离柱,0.1%甲酸乙腈和0.1%甲酸水为流动相,进行梯度洗脱。方法的检测限为10μg/kg,定量限为20μg/kg;在三个浓度水平（20、50、100μg/kg）下进行添加实验,平均回收率均大于92.60%,批内相对标准偏差为1.31%~6.80%,批间相对标准偏差为3.02%~4.60%。此方法简便迅速且稳定有效,适合快速检测猪肌肉中的沃尼妙林残留。  相似文献   

5.
建立了同时检测饲料中洛硝哒唑、甲硝唑、二甲硝唑、替硝唑4种硝基咪唑类药物的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。样品经乙酸乙酯提取,Oasis MCX柱净化,以0.1%甲酸水-乙腈溶液为流动相梯度洗脱进行液相色谱-串联质谱检测。在10、50、100μg/kg的添加浓度下,饲料中各药物的回收率为70.3%～96.0%,相对标准偏差为4.2%～8.7%。检测限为3μg/kg,定量限为10μg/kg。  相似文献   

6.
建立了超高效液相色谱-四级杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱联用(UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap)快速筛查和确证定量饲料中19种磺胺类药物的分析方法。饲料样品经乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液(80:20,V/V)超声提取,Agilent SB C18色谱柱(100 mm×3.0 mm,1.8μm)分离,以0.1%(V/V)甲酸乙腈溶液和0.1%(V/V)甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。静电场轨道阱全扫描得到磺胺类药物的一级精确质量数与理论精确相对分子质量对比,相对质量偏差在0.006×10-6~1.252×10-6之间,有效去除了基质干扰,实现对饲料中磺胺类药物的快速筛查;同时建立了19种磺胺类药物的二级质谱数据库,实现对19种磺胺类药物的定性筛查及同步定量。19种磺胺类药物在0.1~200μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好r0.99,方法检测限为50μg/kg,回收率在59.61%~106.45%之间。  相似文献   

7.
超高效液相色谱串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)检测猪肉中克伦特罗、莱克多巴胺、沙丁胺醇3种β-受体激动剂残留方法.选用盐酸葡萄糖醛苷酶/芳基硫酸酯酶水解,混合型阳离子交换固相萃取净化,以0.1%甲酸水溶液-0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液-甲醇为流动相,超高效液相色谱串联质谱法检测,在1.0、5.0、10μg/kg浓度添加水平,空白肌肉组织中3种药物添加平均回收率范围84~95%,标准偏差3.6~8.1%.该方法检测限为0.1μg/kg,定量限为0.3μg/kg,具有准确敏感特性.  相似文献   

8.
本文应用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术,建立了饲料中喹烯酮和喹乙醇的检测方法。样品经0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液提取后,通过PRiME HLB固相萃取柱净化;采用0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,经AtlantisT3色谱柱分离,通过多反应监测模式进行测定。在5～500 ng/mL时线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.996。在0.2、0.4、2 mg/kg添加水平下,平均回收率为80%～95.5%,相对标准偏差均小于10%。检测限为0.06 mg/kg,定量限为0.2 mg/kg,该法准确、简单、快速。  相似文献   

9.
建立了鸡蛋中沙拉沙星残留检测的液相色谱-串联质谱法。样品经1 mol/L磷酸和乙腈提取后,饱和正己烷除脂净化,以0.1%甲酸溶液和乙腈为流动相,液相色谱-串联质谱法测定,内标法定量。试验结果表明：沙拉沙星在1～25 ng/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r大于0.999。沙拉沙星在鸡全蛋及其蛋清、蛋黄中的检测限均为0.5μg/kg,定量限为1μg/kg。沙拉沙星在1、10、20μg/kg浓度添加水平内的平均回收率范围为97.0%～105.4%,批内、批间相对标准偏差在1.3%～10.3%范围之间。本方法适用于鸡全蛋及其蛋清、蛋黄中沙拉沙星残留量的测定。  相似文献   

10.
笔者建立了一种同时测定鸡肉及鸡肝中20种磺胺类兽药残留的Qu ECh ERS-超高效液相色谱串联质谱检测方法。样品经1%的乙酸乙腈水溶液(20/80,V/V)提取,振荡离心后,取上清液于Qu ECh ERS净化管中净化,取净化液,浓缩至干,甲醇水溶液(甲醇∶水=1∶4)溶解残渣,过膜,待测。采用C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm)分离,以0.2%甲酸水溶液和0.2%甲酸乙腈溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,UPLC-MS/MS法同时定性、定量测定鸡肉和鸡肝中20种磺胺类兽药残留。20种磺胺类兽药在0.5 ng/m L~80 ng/m L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.99μg/kg。以5μg/kg、10μg/kg和50μg/kg 3个浓度水平进行添加回收实验,20种磺胺类兽药的平均回收率在64.4%~108.0%之间,相对标准偏差为2.6%~19.0%,方法的定量限为5μg/kg。方法重现性、灵敏度高,分析时间短,确证能力强,适用于鸡肉及鸡肝中20种磺胺类兽药残留的同时检测。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

15.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

16.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

17.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

18.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

19.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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20.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

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