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1.
氟苯尼考在大黄鱼体内的药动学及组织分布研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在试验水温（25±1）℃时,按20mg/kg剂量给大黄鱼单次口灌氟苯尼考后,采用高效液相色谱法测定了血浆、肌肉、肝脏和肾脏各组织中的药物浓度,并对其进行了药代动力学及组织分布特征的研究。结果表明,大黄鱼血浆中氟苯尼考的药时数据可用一级吸收一室开放模型来描述,其药动学方程为：C血液=43.365 (e-0.047t－e-0.266t),而肌肉、肝脏和肾脏各组织均符合一级吸收二室开放模型,其药动学方程分别为：C肌肉= 2.216e―1.732t＋0.093e－0.007t－2.309e－2.212t、C肝脏= 48.913e―6.334t＋0.773e－0.022t－49.686e－30.928t、C肾脏= 14.709e―1.558t＋0.167e－0.010t－14.876e－1.880t。大黄鱼对氟苯尼考的代谢与分布具有明显的组织特异性,肌肉中的药物浓度低于同期其他组织。肌肉作为鱼类最主要的可食性组织,建议将其作为该药残留监控的靶组织,相应的休药期至少为４d。 相似文献
2.
首次研究了单剂量注射磺胺间甲氧嘧啶在中国对虾体内的药代动力学特征,用高效液相色谱法进行检测,所得数据用MCPKP程序分析。结果表明,SMM在血淋巴、肝胰脏、鳃和肌肉组织中的代谢过程均符合二室开放模型,药时规律可用一级吸收二项指数方程来描述,分别是:C血淋巴=60.05e-0.18t 14.11e-0.06t,C肝胰脏=23.57e-0.27t 12.04e-0.04t-35.61e-5.5t,C鳃=18.78e-0.38t 4.79e-0.03t-23.57e-2.54t,C肌肉=32.11e-0.34t 14.96e-0.06t-47.07e-2.39t。SMM在中国对虾甲壳中的代谢过程符合一室开放模型,药时规律符合理论方程C甲壳=50.29e-0.06t。 相似文献
3.
氯霉素在鲈鱼体内的药代动力学及残留的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
采用高效液相色谱法为定性、定量手段 ,研究了氯霉素在健康鲈鱼体内的药代动力学及在组织中的残留消除规律。采用MCP KP自动化药动学分析程序对数据进行分析。结果表明 ,鲈鱼单剂量口服氯霉素后 (80mg/kg) ,血药经时过程符合一级吸收一室模型 ,其理论方程为 :C血液 =30 815(e- 0 0 6 14t-e- 0 6 6 2t) ;主要动力学参数如下 :Ka 为 0 6 6 2h ,T1/2Ka为 1 0 4 7h ;Cmax为 2 1 0 93μg/ml、Tmax为 3 96 1h、AUC为 4 38 31mg/L·h ;Kel为 0 0 6 14h、T1/2k为 11 2 93h。组织中氯霉素的经时过程均符合一级吸收二项指数方程。鲈鱼多剂量 (4 0mg/kg)给药后药物在组织中的消除可用以下方程描述 :C血液 =3 4 0e- 0 4 0 3t、C肌肉 =4 342e- 0 4 58t、C肝脏 =2 15 2e- 0 2 39t、C肾脏 =6 4 15 5e- 1 4 43t。按照消除方程 ,氯霉素在组织中达到 0 0 1μg/ml所需要的时间在血液、肌肉、肝脏、肾脏组织中分别为 :14 16 4、13 2 6 1、2 2 4 76、6 0 75d。 相似文献
4.
在水温16±0.6℃条件下,以20mg/kg鱼体重剂量对健康大菱鲆静脉注射和口服达氟沙星,利用高效液相色谱法测定96h内血浆和组织中的达氟沙星含量.DAS 2.0自动药动学软件分析表明,静注给药时,达氟沙星的血药经时过程符合零级吸收二室开放模型,表达方程式为C静注-45.74le-1.927t+7.332e-0.019t,消除半衰期(t1/2β)和药时曲线下面积(AUC0-t)分别为36.336h和431.981h·μg/ml;口服给药时,达氟沙星的血药经时过程符合一级吸收二室开放模型,表达方程式为C中服-6.796e-0.05t+3.135e-0.005t-9.931e-0.011t,12h时血药浓度达到最大值(Cmax)5.312μg/ml,消除半衰期、药时曲线下面积和表观分布容积(Vd)分别为129.228h、284.915 h·μg/ml和2.986 L/kg;口服达氟沙星的生物利用度(F)为65.96%,肝脏和肾脏内的药物浓度较高,与血药浓度相似,而肌肉内较低.根据达氟沙星在大菱鲆体内的药代动力学特点及其对主要致病菌的体外抑菌参数指标,提出了口服给药方案:按12.17mg/kg体重/次,1日1次. 相似文献
5.
氟苯尼考在欧洲鳗鲡体内的药物代谢动力学的研究 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
应用反相高效液相色谱法对口灌和肌肉注射氟苯尼考在欧洲鳗鲡(Anguilla anguilla)体内的代谢规律进行了研究.按100 mg·kg-1口灌给药后血浆、肌肉、肝脏、肾脏中氟苯尼考浓度的达峰时间分别为2h、6h、0.5h、1h,以后开始缓慢下降,给药2d后血浆、肌肉、肝脏、肾脏中的氟苯尼考浓度分别为4.209μg·mL-1、0.792μg·g-1、0.493μg·g-1、1.448μg·g-1,给药3d后血浆中的氟苯尼考浓度分别为0.0836μg·mL-1,肌肉、肝脏、肾脏中的氟苯尼考浓度均未检出;按100mg·kg-1肌肉注射给药后血浆中氟苯尼考浓度达峰时间为0.5h,以后开始缓慢下降,给药5d后血浆中的氟苯尼考浓度为0.1151μg·mL-1,给药10d后血浆中的氟苯尼考浓度未检出.口灌氟苯尼考在欧洲鳗鲡体内血浆、肌肉、肝脏、肾脏中分布可用开放性二室模型来描述,口灌给药的血浆、肌肉、肝脏、肾脏中的消除半衰期(T1/2β)分别为27.939h、18.844h、11.83h、36.87h;肌肉注射氟苯尼考在欧洲鳗鲡体内血浆、肌肉、肝脏、肾脏中分布可用开放性一室模型来描述,肌肉注射给药的血浆中的消除半衰期(T1/2β)为37.52h. 相似文献
6.
7.
多次口灌呋喃唑酮在草鱼体内残留研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
报道了多次口灌呋喃唑酮(60 mg/kg,连续3 d,每天1次)在草鱼体内血浆、肌肉、肝脏和肾脏中的消除与残留研究。采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测用药后不同时间各组织中药物浓度,M ILLEMNIUM32工作站处理原始数据,MCPKP药代动力学软件处理药时数据。结果表明:多次口灌呋喃唑酮在草鱼体内的药时数据符合一级速率吸收一室开放模型,其主要药动学参数为:AUC 2.3182μg.h/m l,Cmax 0.850μg/m l,Ka 0.5515 h-1,K 0.0936 h-1,T1/2ka1.2565h,T1/2k7.4308h,Tp 2.8732 h,药物在血浆、肌肉、肝脏、肾脏中消除时间分别为:72 h、15 d、20 d、20 d。 相似文献
8.
在(20±1)℃的水温条件下,以77 mg/kg的单剂量,给异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)口灌诃子(Fructus chebulae)水剂,以诃子中的主要成分没食子酸为检测目标,用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测给药后各个时间点的血药浓度。结果显示:最低检测限为0.01μg/mL,线性范围为0.01～84.00μg/mL。诃子在异育银鲫体内的药动学过程符合一级吸收二室开放房室模型(1/C/C),其药物动力学方程为C=39.237e-0.320t+4.814e-0.006t,主要药动学参数为:吸收速率常数(Ka)为0.56 h-1,吸收半衰期(t1/2ka)为1.238 h,分布半衰期(t1/2α)为2.164 h,消除半衰期为(t1/2β)为119.369 h,达峰时间(Tmax)为4 h,最大血药浓度(Cmax)为11.024μg/mL,血药浓度-时间曲线下面积(AUC(0-∞))=674.89μg.h/mL,延滞时间(TL)为0.286 h,药物平均滞留时间(MRT(0-∞))=113.626 h,总体消除率(CLs)为0.112 L/(kg.h),表观分布容积(Vd)为13.713 L/kg。这些参数表明,异育银鲫口灌诃子后,能比较迅速被吸收,并且在血浆中维持较长的时间,具有较好的应用价值基础。 相似文献
9.
土霉素在奥尼罗非鱼体内的药动学研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在(21±1)℃的水温条件下,以50 mg/kg的单剂量,分别给奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis aureus×O.niloticus)水剂口灌和混饲口灌土霉素,用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测给药后各个时间点的血药浓度。结果显示:最低检测限为0.005μg/mL,线性范围为0.005~4μg/mL。水剂口灌组和混饲口灌组的药时数据均符合具时滞的二室开放动力学模型,水剂口灌组的动力学方程为:Ct=0.231e-0.028(t-0.010)+0.353e-0.011(t-0.010)-0.584e-0.468(t-0.010),混饲口灌组动力学方程:Ct=0.839e-0.057(t-0.459)+0.442e-0.013(t-0.459)-1.281e-0.282(t-0.459)。水剂口灌组及混饲口灌组主要药动学参数分别为:吸收半衰期(t1/2ka)为1.481 h,2.458 h;分布半衰期(t1/2α)为24.834 h,12.193 h;消除半衰期(t1/2β)为60.312 h,51.533 h;达峰时间(Tmax)为7.230 h,8.221 h;最大血药浓度(Cmax)为0.494μg/mL,0.796μg/mL;血药浓度-时间曲线下面积(AUC)=37.74μg.h/mL,43.075μg.h/mL。这些参数表明,水剂口灌比混饲口灌吸收快,分布和消除慢,在血液中达到峰浓度的时间更短,但峰浓度值比混饲口灌低。 相似文献
10.
健康锦鲤以15 mg/kg的单剂量肌肉注射给药,采用反相高效液相色谱法测定取给药后不同时间的肌肉、肾脏和肝胰脏中盐酸沙拉沙星的质量浓度,用MCPKP软件进行数据处理和分析。结果表明,盐酸沙拉沙星在肾脏、肝胰脏和肌肉组织中的代谢动力学特征不一。肌肉的代谢动力学模型为一级吸收二室开放模型,在肝脏和肾脏组织中代谢动力学模型为一级吸收一室开放模型。数据经回归处理得到3种组织的消除半衰期T1/2肌肉为55.44 h;T1/2肝脏为13.0755 h;T1/2肾脏为33 h。通过休药期公式计算各组织的理论休药期为:肌肉:11.0 d;肝脏:6.6 d;肾脏:9.5 d。以残留量高、消除最慢的组织作为残留分析的靶组织,建议锦鲤以肌肉为残留靶组织,在25℃的条件下,肌肉以10μg/kg为最高残留限量,建议休药期为11 d。 相似文献
11.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
12.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
13.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 
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下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
14.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献
15.
Effect of iodophor disinfection of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs on their bacterial and fungus load 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Franz Lahnsteiner 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3901-3909
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos. 相似文献
16.
T. Citarasu K. Venkatramalingam M. Micheal Babu R. Raja Jeya Sekar M. Petermarian 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(6):581-595
The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and chemicals in shrimp hatcheries has led to biomagnification and that in turn could
lead to rejection of a whole consignment. The application of the bioencapsulation technique as a tool for curative treatment
in shrimp larvae was investigated. Herbs having antibacterial properties such as Solanum trilobatum, Andrographis paniculata and Psoralea corylifolia (methanolic extracts) were bioencapsulated in Artemia and fed to Penaeus monodon post larvae PL 1–25. The post larvae were reared in a medium inoculated with pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio sp. Post larvae reared in the non-inoculated water and fed with non-enriched Artemia exhibited 90% survival, highest specific growth rate (12.43%) and reduced bacterial load. P. monodon reared in the bacterial inoculated water and fed with the non-enriched Artemia exhibited the lowest survival (10–30%), specific growth rate (8.42–9.1%) and increased bacterial load (2.86 × 103 to 3.76 × 105 cfu/g). The methanolic extracts of the herbs helped to increase survival and specific growth rate and reduced bacterial load
in the P. monodon culture system. Among the three herbal extracts, P. corylifolia enriched Artemia fed post larvae showed the tendency to higher survival (>50%), growth rate (11.5 averaged) and low bacterial load (1.12 × 105 cfu/g).
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
Effects of cortisol on hepatic carbohydrate metabolism and responsiveness to hormones in the sea raven,Hemitripterus americanus 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The sea raven, Hemitripterus americanus, is a sit-and-wait, low metabolic rate, marine teleost. The objective of this study was to determine i) whether cortisol implantation (50 mg. kg-1) for 7 days altered hepatocyte metabolism, and hepatocyte responsiveness to epinephrine, glucagon and insulin, and ii) whether 8 weeks of food-deprivation modified the above response. Cortisol implantation significantly increased hepatocyte
total glucose production and oxidation from alanine compared to the sham group. There was no cortisol effect on glycogen breakdown,
suggesting that the activation of other pathways, including gluconeogenesis, are required to account for the increased glucose
production. Epinephrine-mediated (10-5M) glycogen breakdown and insulin-mediated (10-8M) total glucose production were enhanced in hepatocytes of cortisol implanted sea ravens, but there were no change in any
glucagon (10-7M) effects. The enhanced glycogen breakdown in the absence of similar increases in total glucose production with epinephrine
indicates mobilization of carbohydrate reserves for endogenous use by the liver.
Food-deprivation for 8 weeks significantly decreased condition factor, plasma cortisol concentration and liver glycogen content
in the sea raven, but had no effect on plasma glucose concentration. Hepatocyte total glucose production and flux rates from
alanine increased significantly with food-deprivation. Moreover, food-deprivation increased responsiveness of total hepatocyte
glucose production to the actions of glucagon and insulin, but not to epinephrine; none of these effects were modified by
cortisol implantation.
Our results indicate that cortisol in the sea raven exerts both a direct and an indirect or permissive effect on hepatocyte
metabolism by modifying hepatocyte responsiveness to epinephrine and insulin stimulation. Cortisol implantation did not modify
the effects of glucagon or food-deprivation in this species. 相似文献
18.
Simulation and quantification of enrichment and retention processes in the southern Benguela upwelling ecosystem 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
CHRISTOPHE LETT CLAUDE ROY ANNE LEVASSEUR CARL D. VAN DER LINGEN CHRISTIAN MULLON 《Fisheries Oceanography》2006,15(5):363-372
Important environmental processes for the survival and recruitment of early life stages of pelagic fishes have been synthesized through Bakun's fundamental triad as enrichment, concentration and retention processes (A. Bakun, 1996, Patterns in the Ocean. Ocean Processes and Marine Population Dynamics. San Diego, CA, USA: University of California Sea Grant). This conceptual framework states that from favourable spawning habitats, eggs and larvae would be transported to and/or retained in places where food originating from enrichment areas would be concentrated. We propose a method for quantifying two of the triad processes, enrichment and retention, based on the Lagrangian tracking of particles transported within water velocity fields generated by a three‐dimensional hydrodynamic model. We apply this method to the southern Benguela upwelling ecosystem, constructing putative maps of enrichment and retention. We comment on these maps regarding main features of the circulation in the region, and investigate seasonal variability of the processes. We finally discuss the results in relation to available knowledge on the reproductive strategies of two pelagic clupeoid species abundant in the southern Benguela, anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and sardine (Sardinops sagax). Our approach is intended to be sufficiently generic so as to allow its application to other upwelling systems. 相似文献
19.
This study evaluated the effects of three levels of loading density (200, 300 and 400 g L−1) and four levels of duration (1, 3, 6 and 9 h) on the mortality, plasma cortisol and chloride levels and growth of rohu Labeo
rohita fingerlings in a transport simulation. While total immediate mortality was low (4–12%), delayed mortality was high (27–49%).
Initial capture and handling were found to constitute the most stressful phase as indicated by elevated plasma cortisol. The
levels of cortisol continued to rise at 6 and 9 h after transport, with the highest level observed at 9 h after transport.
The level of plasma chloride fell after transport across all density levels and treatment durations. Specific growth rate
(SGR, %/day) and total bacterial density (cfu/g) were not different between and within treatments, and between treatments
and the controls. This study demonstrates that transport has a profound effect on the stress responses of rohu fingerlings.
Although the level of immediate mortality was low, the higher level of delayed mortality has serious implications in terms
of production inefficiency for grow-out farmers. 相似文献
20.
Gabrielle C. Canonico Angela Arthington Jeffrey K. McCrary Michele L. Thieme 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2005,15(5):463-483
- 1. The common name ‘tilapia’ refers to a group of tropical freshwater fish in the family Cichlidae (Oreochromis, Tilapia, and Sarotherodon spp.) that are indigenous to Africa and the southwestern Middle East. Since the 1930s, tilapias have been intentionally dispersed worldwide for the biological control of aquatic weeds and insects, as baitfish for certain capture fisheries, for aquaria, and as a food fish. They have most recently been promoted as an important source of protein that could provide food security for developing countries without the environmental problems associated with terrestrial agriculture. In addition, market demand for tilapia in developed countries such as the United States is growing rapidly.
- 2. Tilapias are well‐suited to aquaculture because they are highly prolific and tolerant to a range of environmental conditions. They have come to be known as the ‘aquatic chicken’ because of their potential as an affordable, high‐yield source of protein that can be easily raised in a range of environments — from subsistence or ‘backyard’ units to intensive fish hatcheries. In some countries, particularly in Asia, nearly all of the introduced tilapias produced are consumed domestically; tilapias have contributed to basic food security for such societies.
- 3. This review indicates that tilapia species are highly invasive and exist under feral conditions in every nation in which they have been cultured or introduced. Thus, the authors have concluded that, despite potential or observed benefits to human society, tilapia aquaculture and open‐water introductions cannot continue unchecked without further exacerbating damage to native fish species and biodiversity. Recommendations include restricting tilapia culture to carefully managed, contained ponds, although exclusion is preferred when it is feasible. Research into culture of indigenous species is also recommended.