共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 453 毫秒
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防治稻纵卷叶螟药剂筛选试验 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
近年来稻纵卷叶螟发生频率加大,为害程度加重,药剂防治效果变差。针对该现象,笔者通过多年对稻纵卷叶螟防治实践．选出丙溴磷40％乳油、毒死蜱40％乳油、杀虫单90％可溶粉剂等11种参试药剂,对稻纵卷叶螟（Cnaphlocrocis medinais）的防治效果进行筛选试验,为今后开展稻纵卷叶螟防治提供科学依据。 相似文献
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白蜡绵粉蚧（PhenacoccusfraxinusTang）自１９９６年犤１～３犦相继传入西宁市以来，短短的３～４a时间就蔓延至西宁市各行政区，为害白蜡树相当严重，为害株率高达９６％，为害程度达到中度以上的街区占调查街区的７８％。目前已成为白蜡树上的１种重要的刺吸性害虫，为害日趋严重，造成树势衰弱，生长停滞，枝条枯死，严重影响城市绿化及园林景观。为有效防治白蜡绵粉蚧提供科学依据，笔者于１９９９～２００１年进行了室内药剂防治试验。１材料与方法在室内用４０％氧乐果乳油（山东大成农药股份有限公司产，下简称氧乐果）、４５％马… 相似文献
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猝倒病是西瓜苗期一大病害。它不但为害刚出土的胚轴,而且还为害可以移栽的大苗。据观察:在湖南,一般年份发病率20％左右,严重年份高达40％以上。 我们试用福马林防治西瓜苗期猝倒病取得较好效果。 相似文献
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近年来楚雄州魔芋种植面积逐年加大,魔芋软腐病发生为害也日益突出,一般田块发病率8％-12％,严重田块可达40％以上。为此,笔者进行了硫酸链霉素、铜高尚、可杀得等药剂防治魔芋软腐病试验。1 试验方法 试验设72％硫酸链霉素SP（可溶性粉剂,下同）1500倍液、40％铜高尚EC（乳油,下同） 相似文献
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福建省霞浦县水稻田稻水象甲每年发生1代，4月下旬至5月上旬越冬成虫迁入早稻田为害水稻叶片，稻叶为害率在20．0％-48．5％，幼虫为害稻根，丛为害率在12．0％—24．8％，该虫的防治措施关键要狠治成虫，兼治幼虫。 相似文献
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青海高原春小麦留茬高度对后茬绿肥生物量和水分利用效率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用裂区试验设计，以华北坝上及其周边寒旱区15个常规栽培品种为供试材料，设置不施氮与施氮两个水平，从块茎产量、氮吸收量、氮生物学效率、肥料氮农学效率、偏生产力、表观利用率等方面进行不同品种氮效率评价；在此基础上，采用隶属函数法对各品种进行综合氮效率鉴评与分类。结果表明：品种、施氮水平、品种×施氮水平等对马铃薯产量具有极显著的影响，在不施氮肥的条件下北方002的产量最高，为5 863 kg·hm-2，冀张薯12号的氮素生物学效率最高，为92.10 kg·kg-1；在施氮肥的条件下荷十五的产量最高，为8 284 kg·hm-2，V7的氮素生物学效率最高，为59.05 kg·kg-1。15个品种在氮效率性状如地力产量、施氮肥后产量、块茎氮吸收量、肥料氮农学效率、肥料氮偏生产力、肥料氮表观利用率等方面存在宽幅变异，变幅范围为21%~58%。在未施氮肥条件下，马铃薯不同品种产量（Y）与块茎含氮量（X）呈极显著负相关，Y=-0.0019X+22.045（R2=0.6269**）；在施氮条件下，产量与块茎含氮量无显著相关，而肥料氮表观利用率（Y）与肥料氮偏生产力（X）之间呈极显著正相关，Y=1.617X-21.784（R2=0.7465**）。隶属函数分析表明，荷十五、希森6号与斯凡特（F8）具有较高的综合氮效率，可作为氮高效品种应用于生产或作为氮高效种质材料。 相似文献
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Wendy A. Ruscoe Peter R. Brown Steve Henry Nikki van de Weyer Freya Robinson Lyn A. Hinds Richard P. Duncan 《Pest management science》2023,79(12):4757-4764
BACKGROUND
The shift to more environmentally sensitive agricultural practices over the last several decades has changed farmland landscapes worldwide. Changes including no-till and retaining high biomass mulch has been coincident with an increase in rodent pests in South Africa, India, South America and Europe, indicating a possible conflict between conservation agriculture (CA) and rodent pest management. Research on effects of various crop management practices associated with CA on pest rodent population dynamics is needed to anticipate and develop CA-relevant management strategies.RESULTS
During the Australian 2020–2021 mouse plague, farmers used postharvest stubble management practices, including flattening and/or cutting, to reduce stubble cover in paddocks to lessen habitat suitability for pest house mice. We used this opportunity to assess the effects of both harvest and stubble management on the movement and abundance of mice in paddocks using mouse trapping and radio tracking. We found that most tracked mice remained resident in paddocks throughout harvest, and that mouse population abundance was generally unaffected by stubble management.CONCLUSION
Recent conversions to CA practices have changed how pest house mice use cropped land. Management practices that reduce postharvest habitat complexity do not appear to reduce the attractiveness of paddocks to mice, and further research into new management strategies in addition to toxic bait use is required as part of an integrated pest management approach. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 相似文献13.
The sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton, is a major pest of wheat in West and Central Asia. Studies were conducted to investigate the effect of Beauveria bassiana (teleomorph; Cordyceps bassiana) isolates on the sunn pest. Bioassays were done with adult insects collected from overwintering sites at three different times. The effect of sublethal doses of fungi on the insects’ feeding and fecundity was determined. When the sunn pest adults were treated with 2 × 107 conidia mL?1, all isolates caused significant sunn pest mortality varying between 24 and 100% 12 days after inoculation. There were significant differences between mortality, depending on the date of fungal application. Adult sunn pests treated with B. bassiana at sublethal concentrations caused significantly less damage to wheat leaves than sunn pests in the control. The number of eggs laid by the sunn pest was significantly fewer when wheat plots in plastic greenhouse and field cages were infested with adult sunn pests treated at sublethal concentrations, compared with sunn pests in control plots. Results show that sublethal dosages of B. bassiana reduced sunn pest feeding and fecundity. Applying B. bassiana in sunn pest overwintering sites minimizes the pest populations, which would move to wheat fields in spring. 相似文献
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小麦抗条锈病基因Yr26毒性小种的发现及其对我国小麦主栽品种苗期致病性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文报道了从四川省郫县采集的对我国小麦条锈病菌鉴别寄主贵农22具有毒性的新致病类型,其重要特点为对Yr10和Yr26(=Yr24)2个重要抗条锈病主效基因具有毒性,按我国小麦条锈病鉴别体系将其划归为G22类群;同时明确了其在国际及欧洲鉴别寄主上的反应,将其命名为82E8,毒性公式(无毒性基因/毒性基因)为1、3、4、5、11、15、17、18、25、27、28、31、32、Sd、Sk、Sp/2、6、7、8、9、10、24、26、29、30、Su;根据条中33号小种的致病特点将其命名为43E190,毒性公式为5、10、15、24、26、27、Sk、Sp/1、2、3、4、6、7、8、9、11、12、17、18、25、28、29、30、31、32、A、Su,比较了两个致病类型对我国小麦主栽的115个小麦品种的致病性,提出了合理利用Yr10和Yr26的利用策略。 相似文献
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1953—1955年在晋南、北京等地对麦园蜘蛛及麦长腿蜘蛛的发生规律及生活习性进行了研究。结果明确两种麦蜘蛛一年中:秋季密度最大时期为11月上、中旬。春季密度最大的时期,麦园蜘蛛在3月下旬至4月上旬;麦长腿蜘蛛在5月上旬前后。两种麦蜘蛛均以滞育卵越夏。直至10月中旬,越夏卵始孵化,孵化最盛在11月上旬,此时幼、若虫出现最多,若进行防治可基本上防止以后的猖獗。根据结果分析,估计麦园蜘蛛每年发生2—3代,麦长腿蜘蛛发生3—4代。室内饲育初步观察麦园蜘蛛一世代(从卵到产卵)历时平均约57.8天;麦长腿蜘蛛为32.1天。两种麦蜘蛛都是单性生殖。麦长腿蜘蛛的滞育卵,具多年滞育习性,初步观察有些卵能在土中生活两年。两种麦蜘蛛的分布和猖獗都受湿度的影响,主要猖獗为害地区麦长腿蜘蛛在黄河以北的旱地;麦园蜘蛛在黄淮地区的水浇地或低洼地。耕作栽培对麦蜘蛛的发生有重要影响;连作对两种麦蜘蛛发生有利;深耕能将卵翻至深土之下,可以减少发生;晚播影响麦蜘蛛孵化后的食料。因此,合理轮作、深耕和适当晚播是综合防治中的重要措施。 相似文献
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白翅叶蝉Erythroneura subrufa(Motschulsky)成虫与若虫均以刺吸口器刺进水稻叶片组织内吸取叶汁和叶绿素,被害初期,叶片上出现零星小白点,随后出现长短不一的点状白色斑条,受害严重的稻叶上满布白色斑纹,叶绿素丧失,叶片干萎。在稻叶蝉中除一点小叶蝉被害状出现小白点外,其他叶蝉为害水稻时,并不直接破坏叶绿素,亦不呈现白色斑纹,而是直接吸食叶液,使禾苗发黄而死。因而纠正了过去认为黑尾叶蝉、白翅叶蝉为害水稻后,都会造成叶片出现白色或褐色斑纹的报道。白翅叶蝉在湖南一年发生三代,在晚稻收割后以成虫迁向麦田、杂草等场所越冬,因其寿命很长,故长期不同世代交错。白翅叶蝉除为害水稻外,在初冬与早春还为害冬小麦。近年在湖南及我国南方部分稻区有回升趋势。 相似文献
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为明确山东省济宁市鱼台县稻茬麦区菵草对炔草酯的抗性水平,采用温室盆栽法和培养皿法,分别测定14个稻茬麦田菵草对炔草酯的抗性水平。结果表明,温室盆栽法和培养皿法测得的菵草对炔草酯抗性趋势基本一致,除采自王庙镇南房村路边的菵草仍处于敏感状态外,其余种群均对炔草酯产生了较高水平的抗性。在13个抗性种群中,中抗种群4个,高抗种群9个,其中老寨乡张埝村的3个种群抗性水平相对较高,温室盆栽法的抗性倍数分别为763.75、2 278.85、4 411.79,培养皿法下的抗性倍数分别为313.75、394.50、624.00。 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to integrate allelopathic bioassay and point sampling methods to investigate the allelopathic rank of the stubble of different wheat genotypes and its effect on weed biodiversity in a maize field. The study consisted of 17 wheat stubble treatments derived from ten wheat genotypes planted individually (monoculture) or in pairs (mixed culture). The maize was planted in the plots immediately following the wheat harvest and the number of weed species, total weed number, weed density, weed height, and weed cover were determined 50 days later. The results indicate a significant rank effect of allelopathic potential in the stubble of the different wheat genotypes. There was a stronger allelopathic effect from the straw in the mixed-culture treatments compared to the monoculture treatments. Acalypha australis and Setaria viridis were the dominant weed species in the maize fields. The regression analysis shows that the weed biodiversity indices were significantly related to the allelopathic rank. The allelopathic potential exhibited spatial heterogeneity in all the scales, which would trigger resource heterogeneity and change the microhabitat conditions. Therefore, weed biodiversity would respond spatially and biologically to the heterogeneous distribution of allelochemicals from the wheat stubble. The allelopathic rank of the wheat stubble would lead to changes in weed biodiversity by regulating the ecological niche of the weed population. The weeds showed resistance or an adaptive response to exterior pressure, including allelopathic pressure. This study on the effect of allelopathic potential on weed biodiversity provides a solid theoretical basis for sustainable weed management of agro-ecosystems. 相似文献
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为了探讨不同茬口对土壤肥力及后茬油菜产量的影响,以休闲田为对照,研究了西北黄土区冬油菜、马铃薯、玉米、冬小麦、春小麦、蚕豆等6种主要农作物茬口土壤耕作层肥力效应及其对后茬白菜型冬油菜产量和农艺性状的影响,结果表明：（1）不同作物茬口土壤养分含量总体表现为越冬作物>休闲田>春播作物,除固氮作物蚕豆茬口碱解氮含量较高外,冬油菜茬口土壤营养各项指标、土壤微生物种群结构及土壤物理性状均显著优于其它作物茬口,其有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量分别比休闲田增加32.6%、12.1%,5.9%、7.2%、11.6%、99.8%、44.2%,其次为蚕豆、冬小麦茬口和休闲田,玉米和春小麦茬口肥力状况较差;与休闲田相比,冬油菜、冬小麦和蚕豆茬口耕层（0~20 cm）土壤容重分别降低10.14%、5.80%和5.80%,而冬油菜茬口土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度和田间持水量分别提高7.33%、4.12%和5.65%,马铃薯、玉米、春小麦茬口均有不同程度下降,冬小麦与蚕豆茬口无明显差异;（2）前茬对白菜型冬油菜农艺性状的影响主要表现在株高、根量、全株角果数、角果粒数及千粒重等指标,其中蚕豆茬口白菜型冬油菜比休闲田增产4.50%,冬小麦茬口与休闲田相当,而马铃薯、玉米、春小麦、冬油菜茬口分别较休闲田减产11.05%、15.04%、16.27%、21.14%。白菜型冬油菜的最佳前茬是豆类作物,休闲田和冬小麦茬口次之,但白菜型冬油菜连作可能会产生自毒作用或病害加重,从而造成显著减产。 相似文献
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渭北旱原冬小麦全程微型聚水两元覆盖高产栽培增产机理研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
旱地冬小麦全程微型聚水两元覆盖栽培技术,是夏闲期采用“微型聚水两元覆盖技术”,种麦时仍保持微型聚水两元覆盖形式不变,沟下,垄上均种小麦的一种新的旱地小麦栽培技术,它集地膜覆盖和残茬覆盖之所长,能将冬小麦整个生产年度的降水最大限度地蓄积并保存于土壤之中,从而使小麦生长健壮,分蘖增多,根系发达,成穗数增加,穗粒数增多,千粒重提高,具有显著的增产,增收效果。是渭北旱原进行旱地冬小麦高产或超高产栽培的一条 相似文献