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1.
可靠的能量消耗估算可以更好地衡量鱼体在上溯过程中的能量分配方式,为鱼道水力设计提供依据,实现鱼道过鱼的高通过率。为探究鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)幼鱼运动过程中游泳行为和能量消耗的关系,利用丹麦Loligo Systems公司生产的鱼类行为视频跟踪系统,对24尾鲢幼鱼进行了室内游泳行为实验。采用流速递增法测得鲢幼鱼的活动代谢率,水体溶氧量由每个流速工况下等时距读取,静水条件下通过AutoRespTM测定水体溶氧变化值,计算标准代谢率;利用水槽上方架设的摄像头(25帧/s)记录鱼体运动行为,连接uEye Cockpit程序观测鱼体运动情况,采用LoliTrack进行运动行为分析,获取鱼体运动行为学参数。结果表明,鲢幼鱼的游泳速度与摆尾频率(TBF)呈显著正相关关系,其耗氧率(MO2)与摆尾频率(TBF)的拟合方程为MO2=318.3+1.04TBF2.87(R2=0.99,P0.001),拟合指数值为2.87,且摆尾频率的幂指数越大,表征鱼体游泳效率越低。实验测得鲢幼鱼的标准代谢率(SMR)为(284.47±30.75)mg/(kg·h),耗氧率方程得到的标准代谢率拟合值为318.3mg/(kg·h),与实测值较为接近;通过建立活动代谢率(AMR)与鱼体重量(M)及游速(U)的关系,得出鲢幼鱼生物能量模型AMR=10.39 M0.12 U0.39(R2=0.95,P0.001)。生物能量模型的建立,可以为鱼道不同过鱼目标的水力设计提供参考。 相似文献
2.
采用封闭流水式装置,研究斑点叉尾[鱼回]幼鱼(Ictalurus Punctatus)(约9~11 g)在不同温度条件下(18,22和26℃)的耗氧率和氨氮排泄率变化情况。结果表明,在18,22和26℃时斑点叉尾[鱼回]幼鱼的耗氧率分别为(171.66±33)mg/(kg·h),(97.22±26)mg/(kg·h)和(171.83±44)mg/(kg·h),26℃处理组的耗氧率最高,与22℃处理组具显著差异(P<0.05);氨氮排泄率也表现出随水温的升高而升高的趋势,18,22和26℃时其氨氮排泄率分别为(0.40±0.01)mg/(g·h),(0.44±0.01)mg/(g·h)和(0.58±0.01)mg/(g·h)。在22~26℃,斑点叉尾[鱼回]幼鱼的耗氧率和氨氮排泄率均随温度升高而升高。 相似文献
3.
《河北渔业》2021,(7)
利用实验生态学方法研究了不同温度(17、21、25℃)对黄带拟鲹Pseudocaranx dentex(389.34 g±49.70 g)耗氧率、排氨率及窒息点的影响。结果显示:17℃组耗氧率为(0.26±0.01)mg/(g·h),排氨率为(3.12±0.25)μg/(g·h),窒息点为(0.85±0.13)mg/L;21℃组耗氧率为(0.37±0.02)mg/(g·h),排氨率为(3.99±0.18)μg/(g·h),窒息点为(0.93±0.08)mg/L;25℃组耗氧率为(0.52±0.03)mg/(g·h),排氨率为(5.23±0.21)μg/(g·h),窒息点为(1.24±0.10)mg/L。黄带拟鲹的耗氧率、排氨率及窒息点均随温度的升高而升高,且温度对耗氧率和排氨率有显著影响(P0.05)。同时,O/N比值在81.62～105.38,表明试验水温条件下黄带拟鲹的主要供能物质为脂肪和碳水化合物。 相似文献
4.
插片育珠对三角帆蚌耗氧率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用流水法现场比较研究了不同季节(夏季和秋季)育珠和未育珠三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cummingii)的耗氧率。所用三角帆蚌为养殖在同一个池塘中的同一批的3龄蚌。夏季和秋季实验所用的育珠蚌插片后的养殖时间分别为83 d和128 d。实验结果表明,夏季育珠蚌(蚌重137.6 g±14.4 g)的耗氧率为(769±267)mg/(kg·h),显著低于未育珠蚌(蚌重100.3±15.0 g)的耗氧率[(1 146±265)mg/(kg·h)]。秋季育珠蚌(蚌重144.2 g±16.2 g)的耗氧率[(632±191)mg/(kg·h)]与未育珠蚌(蚌重134.4±17.9 g)的耗氧率[(601±137)mg/(kg·h)]相比无显著差异。无论夏季或秋季,育珠蚌和未育珠蚌耗氧率在夜间均高于白天。在夏季将育珠蚌和未育珠蚌连续饥饿3 d后其耗氧率均显著下降;而在秋季连续饥饿3 d后育珠蚌和未育珠蚌耗氧率变化相对较小。本实验结果证实插片育珠可影响三角帆蚌耗氧率,但不会改变三角帆蚌耗氧率的昼夜节律;插片育珠对三角帆蚌耗氧率的影响程度因养殖季节而异。 相似文献
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6.
本文采用封闭流水式装置测溶氧的方法对似鲇高原鳅[Triplophysa siluorides(Herzenstenin)]幼鱼的耗氧率和窒息点进行了初步研究。结果表明:水温在9℃、13℃、17℃、21℃条件下,似鲇高原鳅耗氧率分别为0.224 mg/(g·h)、0.290 mg/(g·h)、0.264 mg/(g·h)、0.231 mg/(g·h)。跟据试验结果推测温度13℃为似鲇高原鳅最适生长温度。耗氧率昼夜变化显示,20:00时耗氧率最高为0.386 mg/(g·h),8:00时耗氧率最低为0.164mg/(g·h),窒息点为1.22 mg/L。 相似文献
7.
利用封闭呼吸室对同一日龄、不同规格的红鳍东方鲀、菊黄东方鲀和菊黄东方鲀(♀)×红鳍东方鲀(♂)杂交F1代幼鱼进行耗氧率和临界窒息点的研究。试验结果表明,水温14.8～15.6℃时,体质量(37.24±3.64)g的红鳍东方鲀幼鱼耗氧率为(0.3385±0.0161)mg/(g.h),体质量(14.45±1.08)g的菊黄东方鲀幼鱼耗氧率为(0.2327±0.0241)mg/(g.h),体质量(27.96±1.38)g的杂交F1代东方鲀幼鱼耗氧率为(0.2282±0.0219)mg/(g.h);同一日龄不同规格红鳍东方鲀、菊黄东方鲀和杂交东方鲀幼鱼的耗氧量分别为(12.5243±0.6720)、(3.3544±0.2975)、(5.8469±0.9537)mg/(h.尾);3种东方鲀的耗氧率呈明显的昼夜节律,白天平均耗氧率显著高于夜晚。水温为14.8～15.6℃时,红鳍东方鲀、菊黄东方鲀及杂交东方鲀幼鱼的临界窒息点分别为0.665、0.882mg/L和0.774mg/L。 相似文献
8.
耗氧率常被用作衡量鱼类代谢的依据.本文作者在水温24.3～26℃时,测定了斑鳜(Siniperca scherzeri Steindachner)鱼苗(1.27～1.51 cm)的耗氧情况,据此计算出鱼苗的耗氧速率(V,mg/kg·h)与窒息点(DO,mg/L),并总结斑鳜耗氧率的昼夜变化情况.实验表明:斑鳜鱼苗耐低氧能力较弱,26℃时其窒息点为1.73 mg/L;在水温25℃左右时,斑鳜鱼苗昼夜耗氧率差异并不是特别显著,但其在晚上的耗氧率还是要高于白天,凌晨左右达到最大值.在水温24.3～26℃时,斑鳜的耗氧率为983.14～1498.29 mg/kg·h. 相似文献
9.
采用改良后的黑白瓶法测定了蛋白核小球藻和裸甲藻在低温下的光合放氧和呼吸耗氧速率。研究结果表明,低温条件下蛋白核小球藻和裸甲藻仍具有一定的光合放氧能力。在光照度为2100lx,温度为-1℃时,蛋白核小球藻和裸甲藻叶绿素a光合放氧速率分别为(30.78±2.18)μmol/(mg·h)和(11.92±0.97)μmol/(mg·h);呼吸耗氧速率分别为(2.30±1.49)μmol/(mg·h)和(2.34±0.85)μmol/(mg·h)。在-1～4℃,2种单胞藻的净光合放氧速率和呼吸耗氧速率随温度变化的曲线基本相似,均随温度升高呈指数增长,但其增长幅度随种类不同而有较大差异。 相似文献
10.
温度、盐度交互作用对凡纳滨对虾耗氧和氨氮、磷排泄的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)成虾为研究对象,设计了4个盐度梯度和4个温度梯度,采用正交试验,研究了温度、盐度及其交互作用对凡纳滨对虾耗氧率和氨氮、磷排泄率的影响.凡纳滨对虾在温度和盐度交互作用下耗氧率为0.266～0.582 mg/(g·h),平均为0.419 mg/(g·h);磷排泄率为0.935～2.279 μg/(g·h),平均为1.532 μg/(g·h);氨氮排泄率为1.222～2.656 μg/(g·h),平均为1.854 μg/(g·h).统计分析显示,温度和盐度对耗氧率和氨氮、磷排泄率都有极为显著的影响(P＜0.01),且两者之间交互作用极其显著(P＜0.01). 相似文献
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12.
盐度对大菱鲆幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
研究了大菱鲆(Scophamusmaximus)幼鱼由盐度34向低盐(盐度28、23、18、12、6)以及向高盐(盐度40)适应过程中代谢率的变化。结果表明:盐度改变后,各突变组大菱鲆幼鱼的耗氧率和排氨率都呈现出不同程度的逐渐升高趋势,随着盐度突变范围的增大,变化趋势更为明显。在突变后24h左右,各突变组大菱鲆幼鱼耗氧率出现高峰值,48h后恢复到突变前的水平,此时各实验组大菱鲆的耗氧率没有显著的差异性(P>0.05)。在突变后9～15h排氨率出现高峰值,48h后各组大菱鲆幼鱼的排氨率恢复到突变前的水平,此时各实验组大菱鲆的排氨率没有显著的差异性(P>0.05)。 相似文献
13.
We analysed the metabolic rate of large individuals (LIs) and small individuals (SIs) (based on body weight) of 80‐day‐old specimens of Portunus trituberculatus injected with 40 mg/kg florfenicol (FLR). The results showed that FLR contents in the gills and hepatopancreas were higher in the SIs than in the LIs. The activities of erythromycin N‐demethylase and 7‐ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase related to cytochrome oxidase P450 (CYP) were induced after FLR injection and showed a size‐dependent pattern; however, no significant difference in aminopyrine N‐demethylase activity was found between the LIs and SIs. The activity of the phase II enzyme glutathione S‐transferase (GST) increased in the hepatopancreas after FLR injection, and it was higher in the SIs than the LIs. Moreover, induction of CYP2, CYP3, GST, ABCB and ABCG was observed in the first 24 hr after FLR injection. FLR caused more biomolecular damage in the SIs than the LIs, displaying an obvious body weight‐ and time‐dependent pattern. In summary, the SIs exhibited faster FLR uptake and slower depuration in this species, and FLR caused more biomolecular damage to the SIs. 相似文献
14.
Effects of salinity on standard metabolic rate of juvenile marbled spinefoot (Siganus rivulatus) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Marbled spinefoot, Siganus rivulatus, is a herbivorous euryhaline teleost widely distributed in the Eastern Mediterranean. It is an economically valuable species and a suitable candidate for warm water aquaculture. Accordingly, understanding the effects of environmental factors on fish metabolism is important to optimize culture conditions. Two experiments were performed to establish standard metabolic rate and study the effect of salinity on metabolism of marbled spinefoot. In the first experiment, a series of flow‐through respirometry experiments was performed at 27°C and 35 g L?1. The standard metabolic rate of marbled spinefoot juveniles was calculated as 0.57 ± 0.02 mg O2 g?1 h?1 (mean ± SE). In the second experiment, fish were maintained at salinities of 25, 30, 35 and 40 g L?1 for 2 weeks. Flow‐through respirometry was performed to measure respiration rates at the various salinities. Respiration rates were similar among fish in salinities of 30, 35 and 40 g L?1 but increased significantly at 25 g L?1. Results suggest that despite the euryhalinity of marbled spinefoot, farmers should maintain salinity within the optimal range of 30–40 g L?1 in order to improve productivity. 相似文献
15.
Metabolic (oxygen consumption) rate, opercular abduction rate and tail beat frequency were determined in two strains of diploid and triploid female brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) while these fish swam at 0.37±0.02 body lengths per sec in a Blazka respirometer. Total blood hemoglobin level was also measured and opercular condition examined. Total blood hemoglobin levels in diploids and triploids were equal. The opercular abduction rate was the same in diploids and triploids (regardless of whether triploid opercular condition was good or poor) yet triploids had a lower oxygen consumption rate than diploids, indicating that triploids take up less oxygen than diploids per opercular cycle. Tail beat frequency, an indicator of swimming effort, was the same in diploids and triploids, suggesting that triploids require less oxygen than diploids for a similar swimming effort. 相似文献
16.
为了研究不同温度和摄食率对鲈鲤幼鱼摄食代谢特征的影响,在15和25°C条件下驯化4周后,以泥鳅块为饵料,按不同的摄食率(15°C下摄食率为1%、2%和4%体质量,25°C下摄食率为1%、2%、4%和6%体质量)投喂实验鱼[体质量(38.35±0.49) g,体长(14.22±0.10) cm],随后测定其耗氧率并计算其摄食代谢相关参数。结果显示,在相同的摄食率下,25°C驯化组静止代谢率、摄食代谢峰值、特殊动力作用(SDA)总耗能和SDA系数都显著高于15°C驯化组;25°C驯化组在2%和4%摄食率下的SDA时间显著小于15°C驯化组。在25°C驯化组中,4%摄食率组的代谢峰值、峰值比率、SDA时间和SDA总耗能都显著高于1%和2%摄食率组,但是显著低于6%摄食率组,4%和6%摄食率组的峰值时间显著高于1%和2%摄食率组,2%、4%和6%摄食率组的SDA系数显著低于1%摄食率组;在15°C驯化组中,4%摄食率组代谢峰值、峰值比率、SDA时间和SDA总耗能都显著高于1%和2%摄食率组,各个摄食率组的峰值时间和SDA系数没有显著性差异。研究表明,相比于低温条件,25°C水温条件可能更有利于鲈鲤幼鱼对食物的快速消化和吸收;随着摄食率的增加,鲈鲤幼鱼通过代谢峰值的增加和SDA时间的延长来满足其SDA耗能增加的需求。本研究结果为鲈鲤的养殖实践和物种保护提供了重要的参考依据。 相似文献
17.
The rate of oxygen consumption of minced whole body was determined volumetrically, as an indication of metabolic rate in vitro (M
in vitro
), at 20°C in porgy Pagrus major ranging from 0.0002 g (just after hatch) to 2.9 g (67 days old) in body mass. A triphasic relationship was found between M
in vitro
of individual fish (l.min–1) and wet body mass W (g). During the prolarval stage accompanied with the transitional period to the postlarval stage (0.00020–0.00023 g, 0–6 days old), the mass-specific metabolic rate in vitro (M
in vitro
/W in l.g–1.min–1) increased with age (D in days) as expressed by an equation M
in vitro
/W = 3.88 + 0.74/D. During the postlarval stage (0.00031–0.003 g, 8–22 days old), M
in vitro
/W remained almost constant, independent of body mass following an equation M
in vitro
/W = 5.24 W–0.085. During the juvenile and adolescent stages (0.0047–2.9 g, 30–67 days old), M
in vitro
/W decreased with increasing body mass following an equation M
in vitro
/W = 1.66 W–0.235. These results correspond with the triphasic relationship between metabolism in vivo and body mass observed in intact porgy of 0.0002–270 g (Oikawa et al. 1991). It is concluded, therefore, that the dependence of mass-specific metabolic rate on body size exists in vitro as well as in vivo, during the early stages in the porgy. Based on these results, factors controlling the metabolism-size relationship are discussed. 相似文献
18.
为了探讨不同体质量中华倒刺鲃能量代谢和生长能力的差异,在25°C条件下分别测定不同体质量大小(10、20、40、100和180 g组)中华倒刺鲃的静止代谢率(RMR);经过为期28 d投喂养殖实验,测定各实验组的特定生长率(SGR)、摄食率(FR)和饲料转化效率(FE);并测定不同体质量大小(10.4～248.1 g)实验鱼的生长激素(GH)水平。随体质量的增加,中华倒刺鲃个体RMR显著增加,单位体质量RMR显著下降;SGR和FR均显著增加;体质量对FE影响不显著;GH水平与体质量间呈显著负相关(r=-0.753,n=30)。单位体质量RMR与SGR(r=0.586,n=51)和FR(r=0.640,n=51)均呈显著正相关,与FE(r=0.100,n=51)关系不显著;SGR与FR(r=0.956,n=51)和FE(r=0.447,n=30)均呈显著正相关;FR与FE(r=0.245,n=30)关系不显著。研究表明,小体质量中华倒刺鲃具有相对更高的维持能量的消耗和生长潜能,归因于小体质量鱼具有更高的摄食消化及同化能力。 相似文献
19.
Rasmus Ern Do Thi Thanh Huong Van Cong Nguyen Tobias Wang Mark Bayley 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(8):1259-1265
The extensively farmed giant freshwater shrimp, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, can survive salinities up to 26 g L?1, but the commercially important grow‐out occurs exclusively in freshwater areas. Recent studies suggest the shrimp equally capable of growing in brackish as fresh water and a better understanding of how this species responds to changing salinity could significantly impact freshwater prawn farming in deltas and coastal areas. Here, the effect of salinity (0 and 15 g L?1) on standard metabolic rate (SMR) and critical oxygen tension (Pcrit) was measured in adult M. rosenbergii using intermittent closed respirometry. SMR was 79.8 ± 3.1 and 72.7 ± 2.9 μmol kg?1 min?1 in fresh and brackish water, respectively, with no significant difference between the two salinities (P = 0.122). During hypoxia M. rosenbergii maintained oxygen uptake down to a Pcrit of 26.3 ± 1.4 mmHg in fresh and 27.2 ± 2.0 mmHg in brackish water (P = 0.682), showing that salinity had no overall effect on oxygen conductance in the animals. These findings are in agreement with recent growth studies and provide further evidence that grow‐out phase could be accomplished in brackish water areas. Thus, the predicted intrusions of brackish water in tropical deltas as a consequence of future global warming may not impact this important production. 相似文献
20.
D.J. McKenzie G. Piraccini M. Piccolella J.F. Steffensen C.L. Bolis E.W. Taylor 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2000,22(4):281-296
European eels (Anguilla anguilla, L.) were fed on a commercial diet supplemented either with 15% by dry feed weight of menhaden oil (MO), an oil rich in highly unsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 series (n-3 HUFA), or with 15% by dry feed weight of coconut oil (CO), an oil composed primarily of saturated fatty acids (SFA). Following 90 days of feeding, the mean final masses of eels fed the two different oil supplements were similar, and higher than the mean final mass of a group fed the commercial diet alone. The diets created two distinct phenotypes of eels, distinguished by the fatty acid (FA) composition of their tissue lipids. Eels fed MO had significantly more total n-3 FA and n-3 HUFA in muscle and liver lipids than did eels fed CO, leading to higher n-3/n-6 and eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratios in the MO group. Measurements of O2 uptake (MO2) revealed that the MO group had a significantly lower routine metabolic rate (RMR) than the CO group. When exposed to progressive hypoxia, both groups regulated MO2 at routine normoxic levels until critical water O2 partial pressures that were statistically similar (9.62±1.08 kPa in MO versus 7.57±1.07 kPa in CO), beyond which they showed a reduction in MO2 below RMR. The MO group exhibited a significantly lower MO2 than the CO group throughout hypoxic exposure, but the percentage reductions in MO2 below their relative RMR were equal in both groups. During recovery to normoxia, both groups exhibited an increase in MO2 to rates significantly higher than their RMR. Throughout recovery, MO2 was significantly lower in the MO group compared with the CO group, but the percentage increases in MO2 relative to RMR were equal in both. During progressive hypoxia, neither group exhibited a marked ventilatory reflex response, both showed similar reductions in blood O2 partial pressure and content, and similar increases in plasma lactate. The results indicate that, although the n-3 HUFA-enriched MO group had a significantly lower routine metabolic rate than the CO group, the difference in aerobic metabolism did not influence the European eel's homeostatic regulation of MO2 in hypoxia. 相似文献