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1.
冀北山地不同坡位油松林枯落物水文效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《河北林果研究》2015,(2)
对冀北山地不同坡位油松林枯落物层水文效应进行初步研究,结果表明:枯落物层总厚度范围为35~90mm,总蓄积量变动范围为34.93~62.93t/hm2;坡上样地Ⅰ枯落物总蓄积量和最大持水量分别为62.93t/hm2和361.71t/hm2,均远大于其他坡位样地;枯落物持水量与浸泡时间呈明显对数关系(R0.94),吸水速率与浸泡时间呈明显幂函数关系(R0.95)。 相似文献
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对广东省潮州市饶平县的樟（Cinnamomum camphora）、桃花心木（Swietenia mahagoni）、南酸枣（Choerospondias axillaris）和乐昌含笑（Michelia chapensis）4种林分改造树种枯落物储量及持水特性进行研究.结果表明,樟、桃花心木、南酸枣和乐昌含笑枯落物鲜重分别为7.74,8.94,10.38,6.87 t/hm2;各树种枯落物干重为南酸枣（7.89 t/hm2）＞桃花心木（6.55 t/hm2）＞樟（5.44 t/hm2）＞乐昌含笑（4.66 t/hm2）;最大持水量、最大拦蓄量和有效拦蓄量变化规律基本一致,顺序都为南酸枣＞桃花心木＞樟＞乐昌含笑,而4个树种的最大持水率、最大拦蓄率和有效拦蓄率排序相反.枯落物持水量与浸泡时间、持水率与浸泡时间之间、吸水速率与浸泡时间都存在明显的相关关系.在不同浸泡时间段,4种改造树种枯落物持水量和吸水速率均为南酸枣＞桃花心木＞樟＞乐昌含笑,而其持水率呈现相反顺序. 相似文献
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北沟林场两种不同林分林下枯落物现存量及持水能力的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以承德地区北沟林场落叶松纯林和落叶松山杨混交林为研究对象,测定枯落物厚度和现存量,通过室内浸泡法测定持水量和持水率。结果表明:落叶松纯林林下枯落物现存量明显高于落叶松山杨混交林,分别为9.02t/hm2和6.55t/hm2;枯落物最大持水能力落叶松纯林略小于落叶松山杨混交林,分别为2.11t/hm2、2.41t/hm2。不同林分的林下枯落物持水量与浸水时间的动态变化规律基本相似,枯落物持水量与浸水时间呈正相关,达到最大持水量的时间也基本一致。 相似文献
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滦河上游水源涵养林枯落物层水文效应研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨森林枯落物水文过程及规律,对滦河上游3种不同类型林分枯落物及其结构进行了调查,并对其水文效应进行了探讨。结果表明:1油松纯林的枯落物生物量为12.03t/hm2,最大持水量为19.4t/hm2,有效拦蓄量为23.52t/hm2;落叶松纯林的枯落物生物量为9.51t/hm2,最大持水量为11.9t/hm2,有效拦蓄量为17.03t/hm2;落叶松白桦混交林的枯落物生物量为5.54t/hm2,最大持水量为13.0t/hm2,有效拦蓄量为13.7t/hm2。2半分解层枯落物浸泡8h已基本达到饱和,而未分解层需浸泡10h,持水量与浸泡时间的关系式为Q=alnt+b;枯落物在浸水的前0.5h内吸水速率最大,4h左右时吸水速率明显减缓。 相似文献
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茂兰喀斯特森林主要演替群落枯落物的水文特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对茂兰喀斯特森林两种主要演替群落——喀斯特原生乔木林和次生林枯落物的储量和水文特性进行了调查研究,结果表明:两种演替群落枯落物的平均总储量为4.77 t/hm2,喀斯特原生乔木林的总储量要高于次生林;两种演替群落之间,枯落物的最大持水率和最大持水量均为喀斯特原生乔木林高于次生林;枯落物不同层次之间,两种演替群落枯落物未分解层的最大持水率和最大持水量均高于半分解层;枯落物的持水量和吸水速率与浸泡时间分别存在明显的函数关系:V=a ln(t)+b和S=ktn;在自然状态下,茂兰喀斯特森林两种演替群落枯落物的平均有效拦蓄量为8.31 t/hm2,喀斯特原生乔木林的有效拦蓄量要高于次生林。 相似文献
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通过对北京山地4个不同海拔侧柏人工林枯落物层水文效应进行研究,结果表明:北京山地侧柏人工林枯落物总储量在11.35～25.06t.hm-2之间,最大持水量在13.39～53.55t·hm-2之间,有效拦蓄能力在11.39～39.63t·hm-2之间,最大持水率在123.32%～217.85%之间,枯落物持水量与浸泡时间呈明显对数关系,枯落物吸水速率与浸泡时间呈明显幂函数关系。综合来看,海拔为758.55m的侧柏人工林枯落物涵养水源能力最好。 相似文献
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冀北山地不同树种组成桦木林枯落物及土壤水文效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为弄清不同树种组成的林分对林地枯落物及土壤持水能力的影响,采用浸泡法和双环法对冀北山地5种不同树种组成的桦木林进行研究,结果表明:1林地枯落物半分解层储量均大于未分解层,总储量变化范围为12.85~20.87t/hm~2,白桦纯林储量最大,阔叶混交林最小;2枯落物最大持水量变化范围为73.27~106.99t/hm~2,有效拦蓄量变化范围为59.22~81.86t/hm~2,均为杨桦混交林最大、落桦混交林最小;3枯落物持水量与浸泡时间呈对数关系,随时间推移逐渐增大,而吸水速率与浸泡时间呈指数关系,随浸泡时间推移而逐渐下降;4土壤容重是油松白桦林最大、杨桦混交林最小,总孔隙度是杨桦混交林最大(60.66%)、阔叶混交林次之(59.31%)、油松白桦林最小(45.43%),土壤最大持水量和有效持水量均是杨桦混交林最大、阔叶混交林次之、油松白桦林最小;5土壤入渗速率和入渗时间呈明显幂函数关系。综合来看,杨桦混交林和阔叶混交林枯落物和土壤持水能力较强。 相似文献
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四种人工林枯落物持水特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解木荷等4种人工林的枯落物水文特性,在广东省佛山市云勇林场,以木荷、杉木、藜蒴和火力楠人工林为研究对象,通过枯落物储存量调查和浸泡实验,分析枯落物持水特性,建立了枯落物持水量、吸水速率与浸泡时间的相互关系。结果表明：4种人工林林分枯落物总储存量介于2．82～10．92t／hm2,杉木林最大（10．92t／hm2）,火力楠林最小（2．82t／hm2）;最大持水量依次为：杉木林〉藜蒴林〉木荷林〉火力楠林;最大拦蓄量介于4．16—12．93t／hm2;有效拦蓄量介于2．46～8．92t／hm2,依次是杉木林〉藜蒴林〉火力楠林〉木荷林。枯落物浸泡实验表明：枯落物持水量与浸泡时间存在对数曲线关系,而吸水速率与浸泡时间则是幂函数关系。4种人工林枯落物持水率和吸水速率随时间的动态变化规律基本相似。随浸泡时间的延长,枯落物持水率呈增加趋势,在浸泡10—12h后,持水率增幅趋于平缓;枯落物吸水速率在前2h内变化最快,之后逐渐变缓,24h时吸水基本停止。 相似文献
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A. Lehtijärvi H. T. Doğmuş‐Lehtijärvi A. G. Aday Kaya S. Ünal S. Woodward 《Forest Pathology》2017,47(6)
Although several Armillaria species have been reported in Turkey, there is little information about their ecology in Turkish forests. In this study, we investigated five forest stands, approximately 5–74 ha in size, in Kastamonu province in the Black Sea Region of Turkey for the presence of Armillaria species in stumps and logs. The stands were mixed Abies nordmanniana ssp. bornmülleriana and Pinus sylvestris forests managed using a selective cuttings system; the proportion of fir in the total number of stems and stumps ranged from 36 to 98%. Based on sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer and intergenic spacer regions of the rDNA, all rhizomorphs sampled from the stumps and logs were of Armillaria ostoyae. The size of the genets was estimated with random amplified microsatellites analysis of the isolates and ranged from single stumps to approximately 450 m2. One to seven genets were found in each stand. These results indicate that the genets had arisen from spores and vegetative spread was limited on most sites. 相似文献
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通过对上海松江中央公园内65株特大银杏树白蚁为害情况的调查,发现该公园银杏受害率为100%,其中存在活白蚁的银杏占总量的56.9%,采用毒土处理、粉剂疗法、建立白蚁监测点等措施,经过两次灭杀,活白蚁的灭杀率达到92.3%和93.3%,从而使存在活白蚁银杏树的比例从56.9%下降到2.7%,白蚁发生情况明显降低。
相似文献
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建平半干旱地区石质山地造林技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了不同植物在石质山地的造林成活率、土壤化学性质随造林年限的变化和造林措施对土壤化学性质和植物胸径、树高年净生长量的影响。结果表明：不同植物在石质山地的成活率在21%～85%之间,其中白榆和沙打旺的成活率分别为81%和85%,而小叶杨、刺槐、栾树的成活率均在70%左右;植被能明显提高石质山地不同土层的有机质、全N、P2O5含量,但提高程度随土层深度、养分种类和造林年限的不同而不同;在同一土层,生物复合肥料、菌剂和保水剂均显著提高土壤有机质含量（p〈0.01）并显著降低土壤P2O5含量（p〈0.01）;只有保水剂可引起土壤全K含量的明显升高;生物复合肥料、菌剂和保水剂均显著提高白榆、小叶杨、刺槐、栾树树高和胸径的年净生长量,但保水剂的提高程度最高。 相似文献
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植物经常暴露在各种生物和非生物的胁迫之下,这些胁迫会影响植物的生长发育和繁殖并最终导致植物死亡。为了抵御不利的环境条件,植物已经进化出复杂而精细的网络来感知胁迫并激活防御系统。为此,植物激活许多信号转导通路,这些信号转导通路可以改变一些胁迫响应基因的表达,从而引起植物形态、生理和生化的改变以适应逆境。DNA胞嘧啶甲基化是高等真核生物的主要表观遗传机制之一,在维持基因组稳定性和调节基因表达方面起着关键作用。表观遗传变异比遗传变异更为灵活。一旦环境条件发生变化,为了适应新的环境植物都会发生表观遗传的改变。许多研究表明DNA甲基化参与植物的发育和应激反应。基于相关研究对DNA甲基化进行了综述,对植物逆境胁迫有重要意义。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(6):530-542
Abstract The success of natural regeneration on patch clear-cuts in Norway spruce stands in Southern Finland was examined in terms of stocking and tree height. The experiment was established in mature spruce stands in the submesic Myrtillus (MT) site type. In each of the eight study sites, three plots were treated with clear-cutting and planting, clear-cutting with partial tree retention and planting, and patch clear-cutting without site preparation, respectively. In three of the study sites, one plot with patch clear-cutting and site preparation was established. Each plot was 1 ha, out of which three patches of 40×40 m were clear-cut in the patch treatments. 10–11 years after cutting, the patches had on average 1316 crop trees ha–1, of which 91% were spruces. Some 27% of the stands were up to the target stocking level (≥1600 ha?1), and 36% were at least satisfactory (≥1300 ha?1). Site preparation did not yield greater stocking levels on patches, but that result is ambiguous due to a difference in initial stocking. The average spruce tree height in the patches (0.76 m) was much smaller than in the case of clear-cutting and planting (2.42 m). In conclusion, the patches had been restocked tolerably well with spruce and birch for practical purposes during the 10- to 11-year period, but the regeneration process had been very slow compared to clear-cutting and planting. 相似文献
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The study focused on the success of regeneration on patch cuts in spruce-dominated stands in terms of stocking and tree height. It was based on an experiment in the Kainuu region in northern Finland. The experimental design included 8 stands with 58 clearcut patches of variable size (0.09–0.37?ha), on which either natural regeneration without site preparation or site preparation and planting of Scots pine was applied. A regeneration survey was conducted 13–15 growing seasons after treatments. Patches without site preparation had been restocked quite well from natural seed sources. The average number of trees was about 11,000?ha?1, of which 1700?ha?1 crop trees. With site preparation and planting, the stocking levels were also very high, 25,000 and 2100?ha?1, respectively. One hundred percent of the planted patches and 75% of the naturally regenerated patches had an acceptable density. Restocking was equally good across the range of patch sizes. Tree growth had been somewhat slower in the smallest patches than in the largest ones in the range. Natural regeneration was capable of yielding good regeneration results in most patches, especially when site preparation was applied. Stocking levels and height development were higher yet in the planted patches. 相似文献
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Keisuke Kojiro Yuzo Furuta Makoto Ohkoshi Yutaka Ishimaru Misao Yokoyama Junji Sugiyama Shuichi Kawai Takumi Mitsutani Hiromasa Ozaki Minoru Sakamoto Mineo Imamura 《Journal of Wood Science》2008,54(6):515-519
To investigate the changes in microstructures of wood with elapsed time in the environment, CO2 adsorption onto dry wood was measured at ice-water temperature (273 K) for samples aged from 0.1 years to over 1000 years.
The micropore size distribution was obtained using the Horvath-Kawazoe method. Micropores smaller than 0.6 nm in wood decreased
in number with elapsed time in the environment, and a negative correlation was found between cumulative pore volume for pores
smaller than 0.6 nm and elapsed time in the environment. Cumulative pore volume in the 1000-year sample was almost half of
that in the 0.1- year sample. Micropores smaller than 0.6 nm in wood with a few decades or more of elapsed time increased
in number after rewetting and drying. Consequently, microstructures of wood with longer time elapsed in the environment were
considered to be more stable, because of longer-term thermal motion and possibly more repeated moisture adsorption and desorption
and/or temperature variation in the environment. 相似文献
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