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Zaid MS Berent AC Weisse C Caceres A 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2011,25(2):222-229
Background: Feline ureteral obstructions have emerged as a common problem. Ureteral strictures rarely are reported as a cause and the predisposing factors and clinical course of this condition have not been described. Objectives: Evaluate cases of feline ureteral strictures and characterize historical features, clinical signs, diagnostic imaging, surgical and endoscopic findings, histopathology, treatment modalities, and short‐ and long‐term outcomes. Animals: Ten cats diagnosed with ureteral strictures based on compatible findings from at least 2 of the following: ultrasonography, ureteropyelography, surgical exploration, or histopathology. Methods: Retrospective study. Results: Median age, serum creatinine concentration, and size of the renal pelvis were 12 years, 3.7 mg/dL, and 11.75 mm, respectively. Six of 10 cats had hyperechoic periureteral tissue on ultrasound examination at the stricture site. Four cats had evidence of a circumcaval ureter at surgery. Eight cats had an intervention including ureteral stent placement (n = 6) and traditional surgery (n = 2). Seven of 8 cats had decreases in serum creatinine concentration and renal pelvic parameters preceding discharge and 6 had persistently improved results at their last examination. All patients survived to discharge. Median survival time was >294 days (range, 14 to >858 days) with 6/10 cats still alive. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Ureteral strictures may occur in cats secondary to ureteral surgery, inflammation, a circumcaval ureter, impacted ureterolithiasis, or for unknown causes. With appropriate and timely intervention, the prognosis for long‐term survival is good. In addition to ureteral reimplantation or ureteronephrectomy, ureteral stenting or SC ureteral bypass may be considered as future therapeutic options. 相似文献
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C. North J.M. Kruger P.J. Venta J.M. Miller D.S. Rosenstein E.K. Randall B. White S.D. Fitzgerald 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2010,24(5):1055-1062
Background: Ectopic ureters (EUs) associated with varying combinations of urinary incontinence, hydronephrosis, and urinary tract infection have been identified in related North American Entlebucher Mountain Dogs. Objectives: To characterize the disease phenotype in affected dogs and evaluate possible modes of inheritance. Animals: Twenty client‐owned Entlebucher Mountain Dogs. Nine dogs had clinical signs of urinary tract disease. Methods: Prospective case series in which 17 dogs were evaluated with excretory urography, ultrasonography, and urethrocystoscopy. Three additional dogs were evaluated by necropsy alone. Clinical and pedigree histories from 165 North American Entlebuchers were compiled for analysis. Results: Eleven female and 2 male dogs were found to have EUs. Six females and 1 male were continent. Bilateral intravesicular ectopic ureters (IVEUs) were identified in 9 dogs, bilateral extravesicular ectopic ureters (EVEUs) in 3 dogs, and 1 dog had IVEU and EVEU. Hydronephrosis was identified in 5 dogs, 3 of which had bilateral IVEUs. Two necropsied dogs had bilateral hydronephrosis with presumed ureterovesical junction obstruction associated with chronic granulation tissue or lymphoplasmacytic inflammation. Twenty‐six dogs with EUs were identified in the pedigree. Because of incomplete penetrance, mode of inheritance could not be determined. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Ureteral ectopia is common in North American Entlebucher Mountain Dogs and clinical signs alone could not reliably predict disease phenotype. EVEUs were associated with urinary incontinence and occasionally hydronephrosis. IVEUs were clinically silent or associated with hydronephrosis. Further analyses are necessary to confirm and characterize the hereditary nature of the disorder. 相似文献
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R. Fritsche G. Dolf C. Schelling S. O. Hungerbuehler R. Hagen I. M. Reichler 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2014,131(2):146-152
To test the hypothesis of a heritable base of ectopic ureters (EU) in Entlebucher Mountain Dogs (EMD) and to elucidate associated risk factors and mode of inheritance of the disease, 565 EMD were clinically investigated and population genetic analyses performed. Based on the location of the most caudal termination of the ureteral openings, 552 EMD were classified into three phenotype groups trigone, intravesically and extravesically ectopic based on results of abdominal sonography, urethra‐cystoscopy and/or contrast‐enhanced computed tomography. One‐third (32.9%) of the phenotyped animals had normal terminations of both ureters in the bladder trigone, 47.3% had at least one intravesicular ectopic termination and 19.8% had at least one extravesicular ectopic termination. Multivariate mixed logistic regression revealed gender as a risk factor associated with EU as males were more often affected than females. Complex segregation analysis indicated a hereditary basis for EU in EMD and the involvement of a major gene in the occurrence of the extravesicular EU phenotype. 相似文献
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Point of breakover, defined as the portion of the hoof last in contact with the ground during the terminal stance phase of a limb, can be influenced by many factors including craniocaudal placement of the shoe. Shortening the point of breakover has been suggested to decrease strain on the deep digital flexor tendon and navicular bone as well as to improve the alignment of the second and third phalanx. The current experiment involved eight sound horses fitted with aluminum plates adhered to their front hooves, which were drilled and tapped to allow additional aluminum plates of various lengths to be attached (the longest plate was placed flush with the toe, while the shortest plate was moved 3.81 cm caudal to the toe). Horses were recorded on video while at the walk and trot over a distance of 70 meters for six repetitions to determine differences in gait kinematics. Results of this study show significant changes in stride kinematics caused by shortening the point of breakover. Retraction of the forelimbs was greatest when breakover was moved 1.27 cm back from the toe (P < .05), and minimum height of the fetlock at the trot was higher on all treatments where the breakover point was moved caudally (P < .05). Some improvements in gait quality were observed when breakover was shortened, although extreme caudal placement of the shoe (negative placement in relation to P3) resulted in a decrease in gait quality as seen by decreased retraction of the forelimb (P < .05) coupled with hoof height occurring earlier in the stride (P < .05). 相似文献
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OBJECTIVES: To determine the requirement for 2nd surgical interventions and mortality after 3 different surgical techniques (percutaneous tube cystostomy [10 goats], surgical tube cystostomy [25 goats], urinary bladder marsupialization [10 goats]) for caprine obstructive urolithiasis, and to determine whether pre- or 24-hour postoperative physical examination findings or serum chemistry results could be used as predictors of mortality. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: Male goats (45) with obstructive urolithiasis. METHODS: Medical records for all male goats admitted and operated for obstructive urolithiasis between 1993 and 2003 were reviewed. Data retrieved included signalment, pre- and 24-hour postoperative values for temperature, pulse, respiratory rate, packed cell volume, serum K(+), serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen [BUN]. The type of initial surgical procedure, time to 2nd surgical intervention, time to death, and duration and cost of hospitalization were also obtained. RESULTS: Percutaneous tube cystostomy was associated with a significantly increased requirement for (5.6-fold increased hazard) and decreased time to a 2nd intervention (P=.002). There were no differences between the 3 procedures for time to mortality. Increased BUN and respiratory rate at admission were associated with increased mortality (hazards ratio of 4.8 and 5.0, respectively). Urinary bladder marsupialization was associated with significantly decreased hospitalization time (P=.02) and cost (P=.04) compared with surgical tube cystostomy and percutaneous tube cystostomy. CONCLUSION: Surgical tube cystostomy and bladder marsupialization are both acceptable surgical methods for treatment of caprine obstructive urolithiasis. Each procedure has inherent complications that should be discussed with the owner before choosing the surgical treatment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: There are acceptable options for treatment of caprine obstructive urolithiasis; however, percutaneous tube cystostomy should be avoided. 相似文献
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Sieun PARK Min JANG Kija LEE Hojung CHOI Youngwon LEE Inchul PARK Sooyoung CHOI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(8):1196
This study aimed to determine the optimal placement of the region of interest (ROI) among four anatomical sites—pulmonary artery (PA), pulmonary vein (PV), aortic arch (AA), and carotid artery (CA)—in computed tomography (CT) brain angiography with automatic bolus tracking in healthy beagle dogs. Six beagles were included, and CT brain angiography was performed four times for each dog, to cover each ROI. The scan parameters, amount, and injection rate of the contrast medium were the same. The major intracranial arteries were selected for quantitative and qualitative evaluation: caudal cerebellar artery (CcA), basilar artery (BA), rostral cerebellar artery (RcA), caudal cerebral artery (CCA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and rostral cerebral artery (RCA). Quantitative evaluation showed significantly higher CT attenuation values for the RcA, CCA, and MCA in the PA group and RcA and MCA in the PV group than in the CA group. Qualitative analysis revealed significantly higher scores for the BA, CCA, and MCA in the PA and PV groups than in the CA group. Venous contamination did not differ significantly among the ROIs, but the mean scores of the AA and CA groups were higher than those of the PA and PV groups. CT brain angiography using bolus tracking in the beagle dogs showed that the ROI should be placed at the PA or PV rather than at the CA for optimal images with strong contrast enhancement of the BA, RcA, CCA, and MCA and minimal venous contamination. 相似文献
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Computed tomography after contrast medium injection was performed in three mesaticephalic canine cadavers to image the auditory tube. Cadavers were positioned in lateral recumbency for imaging. A myringotomy incision was made in the left tympanic membrane of each dog, and contrast medium was infused into the ear canal and middle ear through a balloon-tip catheter. With this method, contrast medium filled the left bulla and auditory tube in all three cadavers. Computed tomography following contrast medium injection was effective for evaluation of the canine auditory tube. Future studies are required to determine the usefulness, as well as the safety, of this procedure in the evaluation of the auditory tube in other breeds of dogs as well as dogs with otitis 相似文献
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Evaluation of a new oscillometric blood pressure monitor in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Objective This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of a new veterinary oscillometric noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) monitor in anesthetized dogs. Study design Assessment was made to determine how closely indirect measurements were associated with direct measurements, and if there were statistically significant differences between the measurements by site. Animals Six mongrel dogs weighing 27.8 ± 2.9 kg. Methods Dogs were anesthetized with thiopental and maintained with isoflurane, which was delivered with controlled ventilation. Direct pressure measurements were obtained via a percutaneously placed arterial catheter. A range of systolic arterial pressures (SAP) were achieved by changing the isoflurane concentrations. Sites of cuff placement for indirect measurements were identified as metacarpus, metatarsus, and anterior tibial. Results At pressures below 80 mm Hg, indirect systolic measurements averaged 4 ± 3 mm Hg, higher than the direct values. At normal and high levels, indirect systolic measurements underestimated direct values by 18 ± 6 and 23 ± 6 mm Hg, respectively. Diastolic and mean pressure measurements followed the same trend, with indirect values being lower than the direct arterial pressures. Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure measurements differed by cuff‐placement site. Conclusions When analyzed by site and level, indirect systolic and mean arterial blood pressures during hypotension were essentially the same as direct pressures. However, at pressures within the normal or high range, indirect measurements underestimated the direct pressures. Clinical relevance Noninvasive blood pressure measurements with a new oscillometric monitor provided an excellent means of detecting arterial hypotension in anesthetized dogs. The metatarsal site for cuff placement was slightly better than the metacarpal or anterior tibial site, considering that the regression line was closest to complete equality between the indirect and direct measurements for SAP. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVES: To compare the precision obtained with computer-assisted screw insertion for treatment of mid-sagittal articular fractures of the distal phalanx (P3) with results achieved with a conventional technique. STUDY DESIGN: In vitro experimental study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Thirty-two cadaveric equine limbs. METHODS: Four groups of 8 limbs were studied. Either 1 or 2 screws were inserted perpendicular to an imaginary axial fracture of P3 using computer-assisted surgery (CAS) or conventional technique. Screw insertion time, predetermined screw length, inserted screw length, fit of the screw, and errors in placement were recorded. RESULTS: CAS technique took 15-20 minutes longer but resulted in greater precision of screw length and placement compared with the conventional technique. CONCLUSION: Improved precision in screw insertion with CAS makes insertion of 2 screws possible for repair of mid-sagittal P3 fractures. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: CAS although expensive improves precision in screw insertion into P3 and consequently should yield improved clinical outcome. 相似文献
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Izidora Sladakovic BVSc MVS Benjamin M. Brainard VMD DACVAA DACVECC Selena L. Lane DVM DACVECC Scott A. Secrest DVM MS DACVR Andrew J. Fox DVM Jaime L. Tarigo DVM PhD DACVP Corry K. Yeuroukis DVM Susan Sanchez BSc MSc PhD FSB Laila M. Proenca DVM MS PhD Joerg Mayer DVM MS DABVP DECZM DACZM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2017,27(4):479-485