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1.
西瓜种质资源的遗传多样性及亲缘关系的AFLP分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
利用AFLP指纹图谱分析技术对57个西瓜材料进行了基因组DNA多态性分析.结果表明,18对AFLP引物共产生709条DNA带,平均每个引物组合扩增出39.4条带,其中440条为多态性带,占总带数的61.4%;根据DNA谱带计算品种间遗传相似系数,其变化范围在0.24～0.99之间,平均相似系数为0.70,说明西瓜品种间遗传基础狭窄.用NTSYS软件进行聚类分析,57个西瓜品种被划分为2个类群.其中类群1包括1个野生西瓜,类群2均为栽培种.在类群2中引进的资源聚在一起,杂交种和双亲或其一聚在一起.此外,本研究表明,AFLP指纹分析技术具有很高的分辨率,能够揭示西瓜品种间的差异,是鉴定西瓜品种的有力工具. 相似文献
2.
新疆薰衣草种质资源遗传多样性的ISSR分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究应用ISSR标记对19份薰衣草种质的遗传多样性进行分析。结果显示:从100条引物中筛选出9条多态性明显的引物,19份材料DNA共扩增出94条谱带,其中多态性谱带40条,多态性比率为42.6%,平均每个引物扩增条带数为10.4条;9条ISSR引物可将所有样品完全分开,当遗传相似阈值为0.69时,可将样品分为3个类群:第Ⅰ类群13个品种(系)可分为2个亚类,第Ⅱ类群5个品种(系)可分为2个亚类,第Ⅲ类群1个品种(系)。样品间的遗传相似性系数为0.325~0.975(平均0.737)。群体的有效等位基因数、基因多样度、Shannon信息指数分别为1.454 0、0.280 5和0.435 4。研究结果表明,19个新疆薰衣草种质资源遗传多样性水平处于较高。 相似文献
3.
基于SSR标记新疆陆地棉的DNA指纹图谱构建及遗传多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】利用Simple sequence repeats(SSR)标记构建新疆近40年间审定的120个陆地棉品种的DNA指纹图谱并进行遗传多样性分析。【方法】从586对候选引物中筛选得到78对多态性高、扩增稳定且均匀分布于棉花染色体上的引物,并用这78对引物构建120个陆地棉品种的DNA指纹图谱。【结果】78对核心引物在120个材料中检测到392个等位位点,其中多态性位点324个,多态性比率达82.7%。24个标记位点在17个品种上具有特征谱带。采用12对引物组合即可鉴定120个棉花品种。聚类分析显示,120个陆地棉品种遗传相似系数变化范围为0.50~0.96,平均为0.73,遗传相似系数偏高,表明新疆陆地棉品种的遗传基础较狭窄。【结论】引物组合法是构建DNA指纹图谱最有效的方法。遗传相似系数矩阵将120个陆地棉品种分为三大类群,与系谱来源较为吻合。 相似文献
4.
为了探索不同芍药切花品种之间的亲缘关系特征,利用荧光标记AFLP分子标记技术,采用9 对PstI /MseI 引物组合对20 个芍药切花品种进行了DNA遗传多样性分析。结果表明：9 对引物均显示多态性,共产生谱带733 条,其中多态性条带699 条,多态性位点平均为95.36%,Nei 基因多样性指数为1.4163~1.5552,平均1.4740;Shannon 信息指数为0.4197~0.4929,平均0.4490。经UPGMA聚类分析后,20 份芍药品种的Dice 相似系数0.458~0.741,在相似系数0.52 处,可将供试的20 个切花芍药品种分为5类。研究认为,药芍品种间的遗传差异较大,具有丰富的遗传多样性,为芍药品种分类及亲缘关系分析提供参考依据。 相似文献
5.
为充分了解及更合理地利用无核葡萄的种质资源,辅助无核葡萄育种,本研究采用SRAP分子标记技术,对23 个国内外主流无核葡萄品种的种质亲缘关系进行分析。结果表明：从45 对SRAP引物中筛选出38 对多态性引物,共扩增出236 条谱带,其中171 条为多态性谱带,多态性谱带百分率为72.4%。遗传相似分析显示,供试材料间遗传相似系数的变化范围为0.58~0.90,遗传距离在1.0313~4.9643 范围内变化。在遗传相似系数为0.61 处,可将供试材料分为2 个大类群,在相似系数为0.66 处,Ⅰ类群和Ⅱ类群均可分为2个亚群。说明23个品种总体来讲亲缘关系较远,特别欧美杂种具有较高的遗传多样性,部分欧亚种品种间亲缘关系较近,杂交育种时应注意亲本选择。 相似文献
6.
应用AFLP技术检测水稻遗传多样性的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用扩增片断长度多态性（Amplified fragment lenth polymorphism简作AFLP)分子标记技术研究了23个水稻品种的遗传多样性从49对AFLP引物中筛选出4对多态性高，分辨能力强的引物。4个AFLP引物组合分别扩增出43、37、49、33条多态性带，平均每个引物组合扩出40．5条多态性带，4个引物组合共扩增出246条带。利用AFLP数据进行聚类分析，将23个品种聚为10个类群，结果表明，AFLP在水稻类群划分的应用是可行的。 相似文献
7.
《分子植物育种》2021,(10)
为了快速区分万寿菊属品种(系),鉴定品种(系)的特异性和真实性,构建分子指纹图谱便显得尤为重要。本研究利用SSR标记对32个万寿菊属品种(系)进行遗传多样性分析及指纹图谱构建。结果表明,48对SSR引物组合中筛选出8对多态性较好的引物,利用这8对引物在32个万寿菊属品种(系)中共扩增出23条谱带,其中多态性谱带19条,多态性百分率为82.60%。万寿菊属品种(系)间遗传相似系数为0.46～0.95,UPGMA聚类分析表明,在相似系数0.46处可被分为2大类群。株高相近的万寿菊属品种(系)被优先聚为一类。利用8对SSR引物构建了32个万寿菊属品种(系)的DNA指纹图谱,为万寿菊属品种(系)的特异性和真实性鉴定提供了理论依据。 相似文献
8.
9.
不同类型黄瓜亲缘关系的AFLP分析 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
用AFLP分子标记对4种不同类型黄瓜种质资源进行了多态性分析.利用NTSYS软件分析遗传相似系数,UPGMA方法聚类,构建亲缘关系系统图.从50对AFLP引物中筛选出24对多态性高、扩增稳定、重复性好的引物.结果表明:24对引物组合共产生1 367条扩增带,平均每对引物组合产生56.96条;共产生多态性位点297个,多态性比率为21.7%.28份材料两两间的遗传相似系数在0.841 3～O.994 9之间.聚类分析结果显示,28份材料被聚成7小组,各组内生态类型基本一致.其中,华北有刺类型黄瓜在DNA水平上的同源性极高,遗传变异度较小,多样性水平较低,不如其他3个类型黄瓜多样性丰富.试验结果表明AFLP标记位点多,重复性好,可以揭示不同类型黄瓜种质之间的遗传基础. 相似文献
10.
SRAP标记技术在花生种子纯度鉴定中的应用 总被引：27，自引：2，他引：25
研究了分属3个市场型的10个中国花生栽培种的序列相关扩增多态性(SRAP)。结果表明, SARP技术可以揭示花生栽培种的遗传差异。在所试验的74对SRAP引物中,2对只获得了单态性条 带,其余72对总共产生了1,812条带,其中1035条(57．12％)为多态性带,每对引物组合平均获得25．16 条带、14．38条多态性带。在这73对引物组合中,总带数和多态性条带的数目分别为7-63和2-44 条。10个花生栽培种的简单匹配相似系数为0．6967-0．9171不等,根据SRAP指纹图谱进行聚类分析 可将这10个品种分为5类。用64对引物筛选作图亲本24-3与B4,获得329条多态性条带。此项研究 为花生品种鉴定和遗传研究提供了新的DNA分子标记技术手段。 相似文献
11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
13.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
14.
Richard N. Lester 《Euphytica》1989,44(1-2):125-132
Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected. 相似文献
15.
B. Julier P. Guy C. Castillo-Acuna G. Caubel C. Ecalle M. Esquibet V. Furstoss C. Huyghe C. Lavaud A. Porcheron P. Pracros G. Raynal 《Euphytica》1996,91(2):241-250
Summary Twenty-five lucerne populations of the Medicago sativa complex, which were either diploid or tetraploid and wild or cultivated, were analysed for their resistance to four different fungal diseases and to stem nematode. Forage quality, including stem digestibility and saponin content, was also tested.Populations varied in susceptibility to the diseases caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, Verticillium albo-atrum, Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Pseudopezizza medicaginis, and to the nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Except for Sclerotinia rot, sativa and falcata subspecies differed in susceptibility, but this grouping of populations did not account for the full range of variation among them. However, the resistance to P. medicaginis was much lower in the sativa than in the falcata populations.Populations also varied significantly in stem fiber content and digestibility. Stem digestibility was negatively correlated to forage yield. Wild sativa and falcata populations had lower fiber content and higher digestibility than cultivated sativa populations. The medicagenic acid was the sapogenin responsible for the anti-nutritional effect of the lucerne measured by the yellow mealworm larvae Tenebrio molitor. The medicagenic acid content was lowest for the pure sativa populations, highest for the pure falcata populations, and intermediate for the French sativa varieties that have some traits originating from falcata germplasm. Some populations could be used in breeding programs to improve disease and nematode resistance, and forage quality. 相似文献
16.
In order to explore the pharmacological effects of active components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on the central nervous system,through consulting related literatures,... 相似文献
17.
[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pb on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and chemical constituents of Achyranthes bidentat... 相似文献
18.
不同P-Zn配比对小麦幼苗微量元素营养的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用了螯合-缓冲营养液培养方法对小麦进行了苗期培养试验,在3个P水平(0,0.6,3.0 mmol/L)和3个Zn水平(0,3,30 μmol/L)的完全组合下对小麦苗期生长及Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养进行了研究,旨在为小麦微肥施用提供理论依据.结果表明,P、Zn的正常供应促进了小麦生长,二者的缺乏与过量均会抑制小麦发育,且这种影响在冠部表现得更为明显.在小麦苗期,Zn与Cu的吸收存在明显的拮抗作用,但供Zn则促进了Zn和Cu的转运,而Mn转运则受到了抑制;过量供Zn时,大量Zn被转运到冠部,同时明显抑制了(Fe+Cu+Mn)的吸收总量;P的供应显著地抑制了Fe的吸收,但P的供应提高了Zn、Cu、Mn的转运率;P、Zn在对Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn间吸收竞争的影响中,Zn本身的影响要比P的影响更为明显,供Zn明显促进了小麦幼苗对Zn的吸收;在小麦幼苗冠部,Zn与Fe的竞争中,供P利于Zn的吸收,缺P则利于Fe的吸收;而Zn与Cu以及Zn与Mn间的竞争中,缺磷时利于Zn的吸收,供磷后则利于Cu和Mn的吸收.总之,小麦幼苗Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养中,P、Zn的不同配比会不同程度地改变Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn的协同或拮抗效应. 相似文献
19.
Summary
Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth. is a wild perennial species related to the cultivated soybean, G. max (L.) Merr. It is composed of diploid (2n=40) and tetraploid (2n=80) cytotypes. Currently, to differentiate the cytotypes, plants are grown out in the greenhouse and chromosome counts made on pollen mother cells. It is a laborious and time consuming process. The objective of this study was to determine whether electrophoretic techniques could be utilized to separate the cytotypes. Electrophoretic examination of seven isozyme systems from seed of 67 G. tabacina accessions revealed banding patterns that could be used to differentiate between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes in the species. Among the tetraploid accessions, the number of bands observed were always greater than the diploids. Some tetraploid banding patterns consisted of bands similar to the diploid tabacina and/or additional bands previously identified in other Glycine species. The patterns of isozyme multiplicity and variation in the tetraploid tabacinas suggests more than one mode of origin for the tetraploids. 相似文献
20.
Summary Some photosynthetic characters as-leaf anatomy, leaf photosynthetic rate and CO2 compensation pointdistinguishing C3 and C4 plants and physiological characters as leaf area ratio, nitrogen content, leaf stem ratio and total shoot-to-root and deep root-to-shoot ratios have been studied in rice × sorghum and rice × wheat hybrids. Rice × sorghum 1. has lower values of photosynthetic rate, leaf nitrogen, total root and deep root-to-shoot ratio and CO2 compensation point as of rice parent where as, rice × sorghym 2. is superior in all these characters. Both hybrids lack kranz anatomy. Though both rice × sorghum hybrids show characters of C3 rice plant but rice × sorghum 2. has improved drought tolerance and leaf characters in relation to yield. Rice × wheat hybrid have higher assimilatory area and higher total root-to-shoot ratio. Grains of rice × wheat hybrids are identical to rice grain. However, as grains of rice × wheat hybrid does not contain seed coat, it could be exploited as novel rice germplasm after improvement.Abbreviations T
CO2 compensation point
- T21
CO2 compensation point at 21% O2
- T2
CO2 compensation point at 2% O2
- dR/sR
deep Root-to-shoot Ratio
- LAR
Leaf Area Ratio
- CER
photosynthetic rate
- TR/SR
Total Root-to-Shoot Ratio 相似文献