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1.
以凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)为研究对象,运用RT-PCR方法测定CYP2基因在凡纳滨对虾组织中的表达分布,并分析不同剂量恩诺沙星对凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺中CYP2基因表达和氨基比林-N-脱甲基酶(APND)活性的影响.结果显示,CYP2在肝胰腺、鳃、血淋巴、肌肉、甲壳、肠、胃、心脏和眼柄中均有分布,在肝胰腺中表达量最高,胃次之,血淋巴中表达量最低.口服低(15 mg/kg)、中(30 mg/kg)、高(60 mg/kg)3个剂量恩诺沙星药饵后,凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺中CYP2基因表达和APND活性较对照组均呈现下降趋势;药物浓度越高,基因表达量和酶活性越低,表明恩诺沙星可抑制CYP2在凡纳滨对虾体内的表达.在生产实践中联合用药时,应考虑到因恩诺沙星对CYP2的抑制作用而导致经其代谢的药物在生物体内的蓄积和毒性增强. 相似文献
2.
《渔业科学进展》2016,(2)
以凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)为研究对象,运用RT-PCR方法测定CYP2基因在凡纳滨对虾组织中的表达分布,并分析不同剂量恩诺沙星对凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺中CYP2基因表达和氨基比林-N-脱甲基酶(APND)活性的影响。结果显示,CYP2在肝胰腺、鳃、血淋巴、肌肉、甲壳、肠、胃、心脏和眼柄中均有分布,在肝胰腺中表达量最高,胃次之,血淋巴中表达量最低。口服低(15 mg/kg)、中(30 mg/kg)、高(60 mg/kg)3个剂量恩诺沙星药饵后,凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺中CYP2基因表达和APND活性较对照组均呈现下降趋势;药物浓度越高,基因表达量和酶活性越低,表明恩诺沙星可抑制CYP2在凡纳滨对虾体内的表达。在生产实践中联合用药时,应考虑到因恩诺沙星对CYP2的抑制作用而导致经其代谢的药物在生物体内的蓄积和毒性增强。 相似文献
4.
采用 RACE 技术克隆获得中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)谷氨酸脱氢酶 GDH 基因(FcGDH)。FcGDH 基因全长1779 bp,包括1个1659 bp 的开放阅读框(ORF),编码552个氨基酸,预测分子量大小为61.3 kDa,理论等电点为6.54。同源性分析显示,FcGDH 氨基酸序列与其他动物高度保守,其中,与凡纳滨对虾最为相似,高达98%,其次为中华绒螯蟹,为89%。系统进化树分析显示,FcGDH 氨基酸序列与凡纳滨对虾 GDH 聚为一支,之后依次为：中华绒螯蟹、黑腹果蝇、埃及按蚊。组织表达分析发现,FcGDH 基因在肌肉、鳃、肝胰腺、胃、肠、淋巴和血淋巴中均有表达,其中,肌肉中表达量最高。氨氮胁迫后,FcGDH 基因在肌肉和肝胰腺组织中变化显著,在胁迫后期,FcGDH 基因表达量均上调,且与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05),说明 FcGDH 基因在氨氮解毒代谢过程中发挥了重要作用。 相似文献
5.
《渔业科学进展》2016,(5)
采用RACE技术克隆获得中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)谷氨酸脱氢酶GDH基因(Fc GDH)。Fc GDH基因全长1779 bp,包括1个1659 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),编码552个氨基酸,预测分子量大小为61.3 k Da,理论等电点为6.54。同源性分析显示,Fc GDH氨基酸序列与其他动物高度保守,其中,与凡纳滨对虾最为相似,高达98%,其次为中华绒螯蟹,为89%。系统进化树分析显示,Fc GDH氨基酸序列与凡纳滨对虾GDH聚为一支,之后依次为:中华绒螯蟹、黑腹果蝇、埃及按蚊。组织表达分析发现,Fc GDH基因在肌肉、鳃、肝胰腺、胃、肠、淋巴和血淋巴中均有表达,其中,肌肉中表达量最高。氨氮胁迫后,Fc GDH基因在肌肉和肝胰腺组织中变化显著,在胁迫后期,Fc GDH基因表达量均上调,且与对照组相比差异显著(P0.05),说明Fc GDH基因在氨氮解毒代谢过程中发挥了重要作用。 相似文献
6.
非离子氨胁迫对淡水和海水养殖凡纳滨对虾呼吸代谢酶活力影响的比较 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为了探讨非离子氨胁迫对淡水和海水两种养殖条件的凡纳滨对虾呼吸代谢酶活力的影响,在实验室条件下研究了非离子氨胁迫(0.1 mg/L和0.5 mg/L)后,两种养殖条件凡纳滨对虾己糖激酶(HK)、丙酮酸激酶(PK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)活力的变化规律,并将两种养殖条件对虾的相关指标进行了比较。结果显示:(1)非离子氨胁迫后,两种养殖条件凡纳滨对虾鳃HK活力变化显著,而肌肉HK活力变化则不显著。(2)非离子氨胁迫后,两种养殖条件凡纳滨对虾鳃PK活力先升高,后逐渐恢复到正常水平;淡水养殖对虾肌肉PK活力则显著升高,而海水养殖对虾肌肉PK活力变化则不显著。(3)0.1 mg/L非离子氨胁迫后,两种养殖条件对虾鳃和肌肉LDH活力变化均不显著,而0.5 mg/L非离子氨对两种养殖条件对虾鳃和肌肉的LDH活力均具有显著影响。(4)非离子氨胁迫后,两种养殖条件对虾鳃和肌肉SDH活力均显著降低。研究表明,非离子氨胁迫对淡水养殖凡纳滨对虾呼吸代谢酶活力具有显著影响;非离子氨胁迫后,凡纳滨对虾有氧代谢迅速减弱,而无氧代谢在胁迫初期略有升高,随后减弱,推测非离子氨胁迫可能使对虾机体主要供能物质发生改变。 相似文献
7.
为探究亚硝态氮胁迫下凡纳滨对虾[体长为(6.8±0.3) cm,体质量为(4.0±0.6) g]体内亚硝态氮的时空分布与能量代谢相关酶活性的响应,实验设置0(对照组)、0.8、4.0和8.0 mmol/L 4个处理组,进行持续96 h的亚硝态氮胁迫实验和12 h的恢复实验。结果显示,凡纳滨对虾死亡率与胁迫浓度呈现显著的正相关性。胁迫6 h内,亚硝态氮在凡纳滨对虾鳃、血淋巴、肠道、肝胰腺和肌肉组织中明显积累,且积累量与胁迫浓度呈现正相关。相同胁迫浓度组,亚硝态氮在对虾鳃中积累最多,肌肉中最少,鳃中的积累量约为肌肉的3倍。Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活性在0.8和4.0 mmol/L组对虾肝胰腺和肌肉中显著升高,而在8.0 mmol/L组的肌肉中显著降低。胁迫各组对虾肝胰腺AMPK活性显著上升,且与胁迫浓度呈现正相关性。恢复期间,除血淋巴(8.0 mmol/L组)外,各组织中亚硝态氮1 h恢复效率均超过50%,且肝胰腺和鳃的恢复效率最高,达到74%以上。血淋巴、鳃、肠道中亚硝态氮恢复到对照组水平的时间最短,均在6 h以内,而水体中亚硝态氮含量显著升高。以上研究表明,胁迫下亚硝态氮会在对虾组织中迅速积累,并引起能量代谢进程的加快;胁迫解除后,积累在体内的亚硝态氮能够迅速排出体外,以减轻毒性影响。本研究结果将为缓解亚硝态氮对养殖对虾毒性效应的研究提供参考。 相似文献
8.
温度胁迫对凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺氧代谢及能量代谢的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探究温度胁迫对凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺氧代谢和能量代谢的影响,本研究采用生物化学方法分析了低温及高温胁迫对凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺中超氧阴离子(O2-·)产生,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力及谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活力及其催化的一氧化氮(NO)生成量,以及对三磷酸腺苷(ATP)含量的影响.结果表明,15℃低温及31与35℃的高温胁迫均会导致O2-·显著增加,在15 ～31℃内,SOD活力与O2-·含量变化趋势相似,低温胁迫导致CAT活力升高更为显著,低温与高温胁迫后,GSH含量均显著增加;高温胁迫会引起NOS活力及其催化的NO生成量显著增加;低温与高温胁迫均会引起ATP含量显著增加,但是随着温度回复至对照水平,ATP含量也回复至对照水平.结论:低温和高温胁迫均会引起凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺组织中氧代谢失衡,SOD、CAT及GSH在机体应对低温及高温胁迫导致的氧化损伤中可能扮演不同角色,NO介导的信号传导可能在应对高温胁迫中起着重要作用;低温及高温均会导致ATP含量增加,提示对虾在应对温度胁迫的过程中可能需要更多能量.推测环境温度过低或者过高时,可能由于超出凡纳滨对虾氧-温度忍受极限(OCLTT)而导致氧代谢失衡,并对凡纳滨对虾的能量代谢及其他生理活动产生重要影响. 相似文献
9.
《水产科学》2021,(5)
将体长(8.32±1.43) cm健康有活力的凡纳滨对虾置于室温25℃的封闭实验台上,0、5、15、30 min后分别活体采样,测定肌肉、心脏、胃、肠道、肝胰腺和血淋巴的抗氧化相关指标,研究干露对凡纳滨对虾抗氧化功能的影响。试验结果表明,干露15 min组凡纳滨对虾胃、血清、肝胰腺丙二醛含量显著高于对照组(P0.05);随着暴露时间延长,干露组凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺组织总抗氧化能力呈下降趋势,各组与对照组相比显著降低(P0.05);肠道、心脏和胃总抗氧化能力水平呈先升后降的趋势;随着暴露时间的延长,凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺和肌肉中总超氧化物歧化酶以及肝胰腺中γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶活性呈下降趋势,肌肉与肠道中的γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶活性无显著性变化(P0.05)。短时间(5 min)干露对凡纳滨对虾组织抗氧化功能破坏较小,而长时间(30 min)干露可明显降低组织的抗氧化能力;干露对凡纳滨对虾对抗氧化功能的影响具有组织特异性。通过检测凡纳滨对虾抗氧化代谢指标,进而探索缺氧不同时间段凡纳滨对虾抗氧化酶活性的变化规律,总结对虾机体抗氧化剂和抗氧化能力的时空图谱,为养殖过程中缺氧现象提供基础资料,为凡纳滨对虾无水运输技术的开发提供参考数据。 相似文献
10.
凡纳滨对虾精氨酸激酶的多克隆抗体制备及组织特异性表达分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
精氨酸激酶（arginine kinase,AK）在调节无脊椎动物磷酸精氨酸与ATP之间能量平衡的过程中具有重要作用。在前期工作基础上,设计特异引物,以凡纳滨对虾肌肉组织cDNA为模版,克隆得到了1 071 bp的凡纳滨对虾精氨酸激酶的完整开放阅读框;将它克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-4T-2上,转化BL21 (DE3) 菌株,经诱导后表达出GST-AK融合蛋白。以纯化的融合蛋白作为抗原免疫小鼠,制备多克隆抗血清,经检测该抗原与抗体识别良好。利用得到的抗体对凡纳滨对虾AK在蛋白质水平上的特异性表达进行分析发现,精氨酸激酶在对虾的肌肉、心脏、神经、血细胞和胃组织中具有高的表达量,而在眼柄、肝胰腺、鳃和皮肤组织中表达量较低。为进一步研究精氨酸激酶在对虾体内的功能奠定了基础。 相似文献
11.
Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
12.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
13.
14.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
15.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
17.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
19.
Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
20.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献