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为探讨苹果酸-乳酸发酵（Malolactic fermentation,MLF）对美乐（Merlot）低醇桃红葡萄酒品质的影响,在对不同接种方式进行优选的基础上,以美乐酿酒葡萄为原料,采用本土酒酒球菌（Oenococcus oeni,O. oeni）和商业酵母菌同时接种,进行酒精发酵与MLF试验,并对混菌发酵接种量进行优化,通过微酿试验分析MLF对酒体香气品质的影响。结果表明,与未进行MLF的对照组相比,MLF组产生的酯类物质种类最多（28种）、含量最高（质量浓度3229.52μg/L）,且酯类、酸类、醛酮类化合物含量与其他4个处理组之间存在显著性差异（P<0.05）;由单因素和正交试验得出影响美乐低醇葡萄酒MLF菌株接种量的主次顺序依次为：O. oeni接种量、非酿酒酵母接种量、酿酒酵母接种量,最优接种量为：O. oeni接种量7%、酿酒酵母接种量0.25g/L、非酿酒酵母接种量0.35g/L,在此条件下完成发酵的酒体柔和指数最高（1.229）,酒样中酯类、醇类、酸类化合物含量明显升高;感官评价显示,采用同时接种进行苹果酸-乳酸发酵,在赋予酒样强烈果香、花香的同时还增强了酒体香气的复杂性和层次感。综合分析,进行苹果酸-乳酸发酵可明显提升美乐低醇桃红葡萄酒的香气和感官品质 相似文献
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苹果汁酶解工艺参数对感官品质与香气构成的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用响应曲面分析方法,研究了苹果汁酶解工艺参数(果胶酶用量、酶解温度、酶解时间)对苹果汁感官品质及香气构成的影响.结果表明:酶解时间、酶用量对苹果汁感官品质的影响极为显著(P<0.01),因素主次效应为:酶解时间、酶用量、酶解温度.苹果汁酶解的最佳工艺参数为:果胶酶用量0.04 g/L,酶解时间2.77 h,酶解温度47.5℃.利用顶空固相微萃取方法对苹果汁香气成分进行分析,并通过多元回归分析构建出苹果汁中主要香气成分酯类、醇类、酸类和醛酮类与工艺参数间的回归模型. 相似文献
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采用固相微萃取与气相色谱-质谱仪( GC - MS)联用检测,对超高压处理前、后黑莓清汁香气成分进行分析和感官评价.结果表明:经超高压处理的黑莓清汁香气种类与原汁相同,但不同成分的含量略有变化,300 MPa处理10 min的黑莓清汁醇类、酯类含量减少了4.8％和11.1％,醛类、酮类含量增加了12.06％和14.59％;400 MPa处理10 min后,其内的醇类、酯类、醛类含量增加4.9％、26.86％和9.9％;而200、500和600 MPa处理10 min的黑莓清汁醇类、酯类、醛类含量均无显著变化.感官评定表明,400 MPa处理10 min能较好地保留黑莓清汁典型浓郁的香气,且与GC - MS检测分析结果一致. 相似文献
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利用响应曲面分析方法,研究了苹果汁酶解工艺参数（果胶酶用量、酶解温度、酶解时间）对苹果汁感官品质及香气构成的影响。结果表明：酶解时间、酶用量对苹果汁感官品质的影响极为显著(P＜0.01),因素主次效应为：酶解时间、酶用量、酶解温度。苹果汁酶解的最佳工艺参数为：果胶酶用量0.04g/L,酶解时间2.77h,酶解温度47.5℃。利用顶空固相微萃取方法对苹果汁香气成分进行分析,并通过多元回归分析构建出苹果汁中主要香气成分酯类、醇类、酸类和醛酮类与工艺参数间的回归模型。 相似文献
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以添加不同质量浓度水溶性β-葡聚糖的模拟葡萄汁为试材，接种酿酒酵母启动酒精发酵，分别在第2、3、4、7天检测供试菌株的抗氧化活性，并于发酵结束后采用HS-SPME-GC-MS测定发酵酒样的挥发性香气化合物，探讨菌株抗氧化活性和挥发性香气物质之间的相关性。结果表明，外源性添加水溶性β-葡聚糖处理组酵母细胞中的ATP酶、SOD酶活力和还原型谷胱甘肽含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),活性氧和丙二醛含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。300 mg/L水溶性β-葡聚糖可以明显提高模拟葡萄汁发酵酒样中挥发性香气化合物的含量，尤其是辛酸乙酯、癸酸乙酯等花果香类物质较对照组显著增加(P<0.05),且与酿酒酵母细胞的ATP酶、SOD酶活力和GSH含量呈正相关。综上，质量浓度为300 mg/L的水溶性β-葡聚糖，能够明显增强酿酒酵母细胞的抗氧化能力，增加模拟葡萄汁发酵酒样中酯类、高级醇类物质的含量，具有提高葡萄酒发酵香气化合物的应用潜力。 相似文献
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苦杏壳木醋液抑菌活性和化学成分分析 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
以苦杏壳为原料经热解制取木醋液,研究其抑菌活性和理化性质,为苦杏壳木醋液作为一种植物源抗菌剂的应用提供理论依据.利用干馏法,分别在90～170℃、170～370℃和370～500℃ 3个温度段收集粗质木醋液,并经过静置、木炭粉吸附杂质、过滤等过程得精制木醋液.结果表明,精制得率随干馏温度的增加而降低,其中170℃～370℃段产量最大、pH值最低、有机酸含量最高、抑菌能力也最强.GC/MS分析170～370℃段木醋液,主要化学成分为酸类、酚类、醛类、酮类、醇类、呋喃和酯类等.其中,乙酸含量最高,占总量的22.41%,其次为糠醛和苯酚.初步确定其抑菌活性物质为酚类、乙酸和糠醛. 相似文献
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本文采用顶空固相微萃取与气相色谱-质谱(HS-SPME/GC-MS)联用技术,通过单因素试验,确立山核桃香气成分分析方法,并对临安山核桃香气成分进行分析。研究表明:2g山核桃仁粉末样,采用50μm/30mmDVB/CAR/PDMS萃取头,提取温度为60℃,吸附时间为30min时达到最佳提取效果,香气物质色谱峰面积最大。应用顶空固相微萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用对临安山核桃的香气物质做了定性分析,共检出53种香气化合物,包括醛类、醇类、烃类、酯类、脂肪酸类、芳香族及酚类化合物以及其他类。 相似文献
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为了能够全面、快速分析鱼粉的新鲜度,将电子鼻与顶空固相微萃取气质联用技术结合,以挥发性物质含量辅助评价鱼粉的新鲜度。首先,采用顶空固相微萃取方法对18种储藏时间鱼粉的挥发性物质进行了分析,得到不同储藏时间鱼粉的挥发性物质种类和含量,以及挥发性物质变化规律;采用多元线性回归方法和最近邻回归方法对鱼粉各类挥发性物质和表征新鲜度的标记物与电子鼻传感器响应建立了模型。结果表明:顶空固相微萃取气质联用(Solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,SPME-GC-MS)共鉴定出101种,主要包括醇类化合物、醛类化合物等11类挥发性物质,其中醛酮类化合物种类较多。随着鱼粉逐渐腐败,气味阈值较低的醛类化合物相对含量逐渐降低、酮类化合物相对含量逐渐升高,并出现了二甲基三硫、三甲胺等表征鱼粉新鲜度的标记物;在储藏过程中,醇类化合物相对含量呈先上升后下降趋势;酸类化合物、含氮化合物、含硫化合物相对含量则呈上升趋势。与多元线性回归方法相比,最近邻回归方法具有更好的预测能力,测试集相关系数在0.763 3～0.999 9之间,均方根误差在0.086 7%～8.465 5%之间。 相似文献
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牦牛干巴和黄牛干巴挥发性风味特征与差异分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为分析和鉴定牦牛干巴和黄牛干巴中的特征性风味成分,采用电子鼻和固相微萃取(SPME)/气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱联用(GC-O-MS)方法分析了其中的挥发性风味成分。电子鼻检测结果表明,2组样品之间的风味差异显著(p0.05)。2组样品中共鉴定出54种挥发性化合物,其中,牦牛干巴和黄牛干巴中分别鉴定出42种和50种。2组样品中共有成分38种,包括12种烃类、7种醛类、8种醇类、3种酮类、2种呋喃类、1种酯类和5种其他类,其中,13种成分含量差异显著(p0.05)。烃类在牦牛干巴的风味组成中含量最高,而醛类在黄牛干巴的组成中含量最高。二氢化茚、十六烷、乙酸乙酯、乙酸-2-乙基己酯4种成分是牦牛干巴中的特有成分,3-甲基丁醛、反-2-辛烯醛、反式-2-壬烯醛、4-乙基苯甲醛、3-甲基丁醇、反式-2-癸烯醇、反式-2-辛烯醇、1-壬醇、苯乙醇、醋酸乙烯基酯、己酸乙酯、草蒿脑12种成分是黄牛干巴中的特有成分,这些物质是2组产品的主要差异性物质。脂肪氧化、氨基酸的Strecker降解及微生物代谢是牛干巴产品风味形成的主要来源。本研究将为牛干巴风味品质评价、生产工艺的控制、产品的标准化等提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献