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1.
New approaches in vaccine development 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Leclerc C 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2003,26(5-6):329-341
In the last century, vaccines have been one of the most powerful tools for preventing infectious diseases. Smallpox has been eradicated and other diseases such as poliomyelitis or measles have been reduced to very low levels in many regions of the world. However, infectious diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide. Thus, the development of vaccines to prevent diseases for which no vaccine currently exists such as AIDS or malaria as well as the improvement of efficacy and safety of existing vaccines remains a high priority. Achieving such ambitious goals in a near future will certainly require a strong modification of the methods that have been used so far to identify vaccine candidates. In particular, modern vaccinology could strongly benefit of the latest developments of molecular biology and immunology. Here, we will discuss some potential applications of the increasing knowledge of pathogen genomes as well as the immune system for the discovery of new antigenic targets and the development of new strategies of vaccination. 相似文献
2.
J A Roth L M Henderson 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2001,17(3):585-97, vii
Nearly all of the 2000 vaccines presently licensed by the US Department of Agriculture for veterinary use in the United States are conventional vaccines containing either killed or modified live whole bacteria or viruses. Recent advances in molecular biology, immunology, microbiology, and genetics and in understanding microbial pathogenesis have led to the development of a wide variety of new approaches for developing safer and more effective vaccines. This article briefly describes these new technologies and their potential advantages and disadvantages as compared with conventional killed and modified live vaccines. 相似文献
3.
Poxviruses as vaccine vectors 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Pastoret PP Vanderplasschen A 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2003,26(5-6):343-355
The discovery of Jenner in 1798 founded the science of immunology and eventually led to smallpox eradication from the earth in 1980 after a world-wide vaccination campaign with vaccinia virus (another poxvirus) and paradoxically, despite the eradication of smallpox, there has been an explosion of interest in vaccinia virus in the eighties. This interest has stemmed in part from the application of molecular genetics to clone and express foreign genes from recombinant vaccinia viruses. Vaccinia is also gaining renewed interest due to bioterrorism.
These recombinant viruses have multiple applications in research and vaccinology and led to the development of vectored vaccines, such as the recombinant vaccinia rabies vaccine used to eliminate rabies in Western Europe and, more recently, in the United States. Secondly, alternative poxvirus vectors, such as avipox viruses, were proved to be even safer and efficacious non-replicating vectors (suiciole vectors) when used in non-avian species. 相似文献
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Bovine schistosomosis, caused by Schistosoma bovis, constitutes a serious veterinary problem in many parts of the world. The vaccination approaches for the control of bovine schistosomosis include the use of irradiation-attenuated S. bovis cercarial or schistosomular vaccines, S. bovis adult worms or whole-egg antigens and defined antigen vaccine. Irradiated S. bovis cercarial or schistosomular vaccines provide partial protection against S. bovis infection. However, this type of vaccine requires live infectious cercariae or viable schistosomula for induction of protection. Unfortunately, experimental immunizations with dead schistosome antigens have been largely unsuccessful. The surge of new techniques in cellular immunology and molecular biology has made possible the development of potential candidate vaccine antigens from various species of schistosomes including S. bovis. The efficiency of these vaccines has been evaluated in experimentally infected calves. These vaccines will probably replace the irradiated S. bovis vaccines. A broad-spectrum antischistosome vaccine which can kill a variety of human and animal schistosome species is yet to be produced. 相似文献
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Vaccination is a most cost-effective way of controlling infectious diseases in fish. However, some vaccination techniques when applied to hatchery conditions are not as effective as we expect them to be. Modern molecular biology techniques offer a number of opportunities for improving existing bacterial or viral vaccines or creating new ones. One of the most promising trends in vaccinology is development of DNA vaccination. DNA vaccines are based on the gene encoding specific antigen, which is expressed in vaccinated organism and induces the host immune system. DNA vaccines, compared to conventional vaccines, have many advantages including ability to trigger wider immune response, bigger stability and possibility of large-scale production. To date, there are several reports indicating effectiveness of DNA vaccines used against fish pathogens. 相似文献
6.
禽类DNA疫苗研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
新型疫苗的研究对于禽类传染病的防制意义重大。传统疫苗是基于抗原刺激机体产生特异性抗体的原理,它们大多数激发机体的体液免疫,很难启动细胞免疫。脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)疫苗作为第3代疫苗,具备传统疫苗和其它基因工程苗不可比拟的优点,能够诱导全方位的免疫反应且使用更安全更方便,DNA疫苗是将外源基因与真核质粒重组后直接导入细胞内,使外源基因在宿主细胞内表达合成保护性抗原蛋白。这是模拟病毒自然感染提呈过程,既能产生细胞免疫,又能产生体液免疫。文章对DNA疫苗在禽类应用的可行性和应用研究新进展作了综述。 相似文献
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Parasite vaccines--a reality? 总被引：40，自引：0，他引：40
Over the last decade, the anti-parasitics market has been the fastest growing sector of the overall $18 billion animal health market. While drugs for the treatment of parasites of livestock still dominate this sector and will continue to be developed or re-formulated, because of consumer demands for chemical-free food and of concerns regarding the environment and animal welfare there is a growing interest in the development of safe and effective vaccines. There is also a call for vaccines in the lucrative $3 billion-plus companion animal market. These demands for vaccines will add a greater impetus to an area that has seen tremendous success in the last 15 years. A number of anti-parasite vaccines have been developed, e.g. the recombinant 45w and EG95 oncosphere proteins against Taenia ovis and Echinococcus granulosis, respectively, and the Bm86 vaccine against Boophilus microplus. In addition, the cathepsin L vaccines against the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, and the H11 vaccine against Haemonchus contortus are progressing well. There are also many additional vaccine candidates for H. contortus and for other nematodes such as Ostertagia and Trichostrongylus spp. that may ultimately lead to broad-spectrum gastrointestinal worm vaccines. Live or attenuated-live vaccines are available for the control of avian coccidiosis, toxplasmosis in sheep and anaplasmosis in cattle, although molecular vaccines against protozoans are still proving elusive. The wealth of information in genomics, proteomics and immunology that has been forthcoming together will new methods of vaccine production and delivery should see many new vaccines reach the marketplace in the near future. 相似文献
8.
H9N2亚型禽流感病毒疫苗研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
H9N2亚型禽流感病毒在世界范围内广泛存在,给养禽业造成巨大的经济损失,并危害人类健康。流感病毒抗原易发生漂移和转换,使流感病毒的防控变得困难。疫苗接种是防控禽流感最有效的手段之一,全病毒灭活疫苗保护效果好,制备简单,是流感病毒常用的疫苗,但该疫苗局部副反应大,并伴随生物安全问题。随着分子生物学技术的发展,活载体疫苗、核酸疫苗、亚单位疫苗等新型疫苗的开发,给H9N2亚型禽流感病毒的防控提供了新的手段。新型疫苗除具有传统疫苗的保护效果外,在生物安全和普遍防控方面具有广泛的优势,是流感病毒疫苗发展的新方向。 相似文献
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This article provides an overview of developments in approaches to identify novel bacterial components for use in recombinant subunit vaccines. In particular it describes the processes involved in "reverse vaccinology", and some associated complementary technologies such as proteomics that can be used in the identification of new and potentially useful vaccine antigens. Results obtained from the application of these new methods are forming a basis for a new generation of vaccines for use in the control of bacterial infections of humans and animals. 相似文献
10.
Bovine paratuberculosis is a highly prevalent chronic infection of the small intestine in cattle, caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. Current control strategies based on test-and-cull and biosecurity measures do not suffice in lowering the prevalence of paratuberculosis in an adequate manner. Therefore, control programmes are in need of an effective vaccine, but at the moment no vaccine is registered for use in cattle in the European Union. This review provides a brief overview of the microbiology, epidemiology and immunology of bovine paratuberculosis, and focuses on recent advances in the development of vaccines against paratuberculosis. 相似文献
11.
This review provides inside information on the production of vaccines for veterinary use. The vaccines against rinderpest as well as foot and mouth disease are considered milestones in the history of veterinary vaccine production. Modern vaccines are based on the scientific progress in virology, cell biology and immunology. While naturally occurring attenuated viruses or viruses obtained after passage in different animal species or cell culture were used as vaccine strains in the early vaccines, nowadays targeted mutagenesis can be applied to generate vaccine virus strains. In principle, the antigen production process is the same for live and inactivated vaccines. The vaccine virus is usually grown in cell culture, either in roller bottles or bioreactors. Most live vaccines are freeze-dried in order to enable storage in the refridgerator for a longer period. To this end, a so-called stabilizer is added to the culture medium. The inactivation of the vaccine virus for the production of killed vaccines is done by physical or chemical treatments that lead to denaturation of the proteins or damage of the nucleic acids. The inactivated antigen may be further purified and mixed with an adjuvant. The quality standards for vaccines are layed down in international regulations and laws. Numerous tests are performed during the different production steps and on the final product in order to warrant the quality of each batch. 相似文献
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13.
新型猪瘟疫苗的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
猪瘟是危害猪健康的重要传染病之一,具有急性、热性和高度接触性等特性,给世界养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失。目前,传统疫苗接种仍是预防猪瘟的主要手段,虽然传统疫苗（如C株）在防控猪瘟方面发挥着巨大的作用,但也存在一些缺陷,如无法区分野毒感染和疫苗免疫动物,猪瘟免疫失败时有发生等。因此,研制新型猪瘟疫苗具有重要意义。随着分子生物学技术与重组DNA技术的不断发展及基因工程疫苗研究的不断深入,亚单位疫苗、核酸疫苗、活载体重组疫苗、基因缺失疫苗、全长感染性cDNA标记疫苗和合成肽疫苗6种新型猪瘟疫苗被相继开发。与传统疫苗相比,新型疫苗拥有廉价、安全、高效、易于运输与保存、能区分野毒感染和疫苗免疫等优点。作者对6种新型猪瘟疫苗的研究进展作一综述,以期为猪瘟的防控提供参考。 相似文献
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Present and future of veterinary viral vaccinology: a review 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
van Oirschot JT 《The Veterinary quarterly》2001,23(3):100-108
This review deals briefly with some key developments in veterinary vaccinology, lists the types of vaccines that are used for vaccinations commonly performed in food animals as well as in companion animals, and indicates that the practising veterinarian can select the best vaccine by comparing the results of efficacy studies. Diva (Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals; also termed marker) vaccines and companion diagnostic tests have been developed that can be used for progammes aimed to control or eradicate virus infections. Vaccine-induced herd immunity, which can be measured relatively easily when diva vaccines are used, is a crucial issue in such programmes. Current vaccine research follows many routes towards novel vaccines, which can be divided into non-replicating ('killed') and replicating ('live') vaccines. Promising trends are the development of DNA vaccination, vector vaccines, and attenuation of DNA and RNA viruses by DNA technology. The lack of (in vitro) correlates of vaccine protection markedly hampers progress in vaccine research. Various characteristics of an 'ideal' vaccine are listed, such as multivalency and the induction of lifelong immunity after one non-invasive administration in animals with maternal immunity. Future research should be aimed at developing vaccines that approach the ideal as closely as possible and which are directed against diseases not yet controlled by vaccination and against newly emerging diseases. 相似文献
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大肠杆菌毒力因子研究概况 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
致病性大肠杆菌的毒力因子主要有黏附素、毒素、外膜蛋白 ( OMP)及铁转运系统等。在大肠杆菌侵袭宿主组织并引起其发病的过程中 ,这些毒力因子相互协调、发挥作用。文章对毒力因子的致病作用、致病机理、免疫原性及其在疾病防制中的应用几个方面的研究概况作了综述 ,为防制大肠杆菌病、研制新型高效的大肠杆菌疫苗提供了理论依据。另外 ,文章还介绍了近年来已相继研制成功的全菌体疫苗、纯化菌毛疫苗、单价或多价基因工程菌毛疫苗以及重组肠毒素双价基因工程苗、OMP亚单位疫苗等。展现了新型疫苗的研制 ,给防制大肠杆菌病带来了新的前景以及大肠杆菌作为工程菌的应用对畜禽其他疾病防制的推动作用 相似文献
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随着分子生物学技术与重组DNA技术的不断发展、基因工程疫苗研究的不断深入,传统疫苗体现出诸多缺陷。因此,利用植物基因工程方法开发新疫苗逐渐成为疫苗研究的重点。目前,在转基因植物中表达的主要有大肠杆菌热敏肠毒素B亚单位、乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原、诺沃克病毒外壳蛋白、口蹄疫病毒、狂犬病病毒糖蛋白、变异链球菌表面蛋白和艾滋病病毒抗原等10多种疫苗。与传统疫苗相比,转基因植物疫苗具有价廉、安全、有效、易于运输与保存等优点,因而成为现代疫苗学研究的一个热点。文章综述了国内外植物基因工程疫苗的现状及最新研究进展,对其存在的问题及对策进行讨论,对其发展前景进行展望。 相似文献
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新型疫苗研究概况 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
新型疫苗研究对于畜禽传染病的防控具有重要意义.传统疫苗是基于抗原刺激机体产生特异性抗体的原理,但大多数激发机体产生体液免疫,很难启动细胞免疫.鉴于传统疫苗所存在的缺点,开发新型疫苗成为必然趋势.随着免疫学和分子生物学技术的快速发展,近年来出现了各种不同的新型疫苗,这类疫苗的出现弥补了传统疫苗的缺点,也填补了疫苗种类的空白.文章中重点论述了重组活载体疫苗、树突状细胞疫苗、T细胞疫苗、食物疫苗、DNA疫苗、RNA复制子疫苗、多肽疫苗和抗独特型抗体疫苗等8种新型疫苗的作用机制和研究概况,并对各新型疫苗的优缺点、存在的问题及应用前景等进行了论述. 相似文献
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