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牡蛎镀膜保鲜技术研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
牡蛎(Ｏｙｓｔｅｒ),亦称蚝、蚵等,属瓣鳃纲(Ｌａｍｅｌｌｉｂｒａｎｃｈｉａ),牡蛎科(Ｏｓｔｒｅｉｄａｅ),广布于热带及亚热带。我国自黄海、渤海至南海均产,以福建、广东、台湾为多。牡蛎是优良的海产养殖贝类,种类甚多,共约百余种。在我国牡蛎主要养殖品种有褶牡蛎(Ｏ.ｐｌｉｃａｔｕｌａ)、近江牡蛎(Ｏ.ｒｉｖｕｌａｒｉｓ)、太平洋牡蛎(ＣｒａｓｓｏｓｔｅｒａｇｉｇａｓＴｈｕｍｂｅｒｇ)、大连湾牡蛎(Ｏ.ｔａｌｉｅｎｗｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ)及密鳞牡蛎(ＯｓｔｒｅａｄｅｎｓｅｌａｍｏｓａＬｉｓｃｈｋｅ)等[刘家福等1995]。牡蛎肉称蛎… 相似文献
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浙江省宁海县牡蛎养殖历史悠久,据《宁海县志》记载,相传宋咸谆四年(公元1268年)就开始抛石养蛎,距今已有七百余年的历史。该县在二十世纪八十年代前沿用原始古老的“块石地播”法养殖牡蛎,用工多而产量低,近几年全县推广水泥条立体养蛎,比“块石地播”法增产3倍~4倍多,经济效益显著。一、根据牡蛎的生物学特性,选好采苗海区。牡蛎是一种营国着生活的海产贝类,各地养殖用的蛎苗都是采集海洋中的自然苗。俗语说:“苗好三分收”,要使牡蛎高产,采好蛎苗是关键。采集蛎苗的海区宜选择沿海内湾,风浪小,流速慢,并有淡水注入的中、低潮海区(潮水干… 相似文献
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牡蛎味道鲜美,富含锌、牛磺酸、糖原等营养物质,其生长快速、产量高、食物链短、经济效益良好,成为中国乃至世界重要的水产养殖贝类.我国牡蛎主要的养殖品种为长牡蛎(又称太平洋牡蛎,Crassostrea gigas)、福建牡蛎(又称葡萄牙牡蛎,C.angulata)、香港牡蛎(C.hongkongensis)、近江牡蛎(C.... 相似文献
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僧帽牡蛎(Ostrea cucullata Born)隶属于牡蛎科(Ostreidae)、牡蛎属Ostrea)，是我县贝类养殖主要种类之一。全县养殖面积36000多亩，养殖历史悠久，可供养殖的滩涂宽广，长期以来，传统的养殖方法以条石、块石为附着基质，以桥式、直立式等为主要养殖方式，养殖区多在潮间带中潮区，采用的附着基(条石、块石)材料虽经久耐用，但操作笨重，劳动强度大，成本高，附着基质老化快， 相似文献
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许多水产动物的三倍体在养殖生产中显示出很大的增产潜力 ,因此 ,采用染色体操作技术诱导三倍体的研究越来越受到人们的重视。长牡蛎( Crassostrea gigas)是我国沿海重要的经济贝类 ,长期以来 ,由于牡蛎繁殖季节大量排放精、卵 ,一是引起蛎肉瘪小充水 (成为透明状水蛎 ) ,致使肉质变劣而无法上市。二是雌性牡蛎大量排卵导致生理活性降低 ,出现大批死亡。近年来 ,笔者对长牡蛎三倍体的诱导和培育技术进行了深入、系统的研究 ,在三倍体生长发育、生殖腺组织学和超微结构变化、三倍体软体组织生化成分含量周年季节变化以及二倍体和三倍体的鉴… 相似文献
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与其它种类相比，由于巨蛎是优良的移植对象，所以已被许多国家所利用，英、法．西德、北美、澳大利亚、新西兰等国家和地区盛行巨蛎的养殖，产值很高，巨蛎的养殖在太平洋西北和东北部(日本、朝鲜、加拿大、美国等)很发达、年产量三百八十余万吨。 相似文献
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调查了浙江省三门县健跳港蛎江滩牡蛎礁中牡蛎的种类、资源量和幼体补充量，并分析了牡蛎的遗传多样性及资源量和幼体补充量的时空变化特征。结果显示，蛎江滩牡蛎礁中分布有6种牡蛎，即近江牡蛎(Crassostrea ariakensis)、熊本牡蛎(C.sikamea)、福建牡蛎(C.angulata)、香港牡蛎(C.hongkongensis)、猫爪牡蛎(Talonostrea talonata)和长牡蛎(C.gigas)。在牡蛎群落组成中，熊本牡蛎、香港牡蛎和近江牡蛎的占比分别为92.92%、5.00%和2.08%,其他3种牡蛎仅在定性调查中发现。夏初和秋季牡蛎平均密度分别为(97±40)个·m-2和(1 770±467)个·m-2;随着潮间带高程的降低，熊本牡蛎密度逐渐降低，而近江牡蛎和香港牡蛎的密度逐步升高。牡蛎幼体附着与补充开始于6月初、结束于10月初左右，补充量呈现显著的时空变化特征；熊本牡蛎在整个礁区均有较高的补充量，近江牡蛎和香港牡蛎则在中、低礁区补充量较高。结果表明，蛎江滩牡蛎礁中的牡蛎群落具有较高的物种多样性。未来需进一步研究泥沙淤... 相似文献
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水域沉积物氮磷赋存形态和分布的研究进展 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
根据国内外近年来相关的调查和研究资料,对沉积物氮磷赋存、分布及影响因素进行了较为详尽的阐述,以期为沉积物氮磷的转化过程以及其与水体"内负荷"的潜在关系研究提供基础资料。沉积物氮磷分布主要受到地域分布、水域类型、水域利用类型、水体污染状况、沉积物—水界面氮磷交换通量和沉积物生物扰动等因素影响。在较为稳定的水域中,微生物、温度和DO是影响沉积物氮释放的主要因素;氧化还原电位、pH、温度及有机质含量是影响沉积物磷释放的主要因素。氮磷循环对生态环境的影响、氮磷测定方法的改进、沉积物氮磷特性的实验室模拟和沉积物氮磷含量的控制是下一步研究的发展方向。 相似文献
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Integrated ecological–economic fisheries models—Evaluation,review and challenges for implementation 
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下载免费PDF全文 Marine ecosystems evolve under many interconnected and area‐specific pressures. To fulfil society's intensifying and diversifying needs while ensuring ecologically sustainable development, more effective marine spatial planning and broader‐scope management of marine resources is necessary. Integrated ecological–economic fisheries models (IEEFMs) of marine systems are needed to evaluate impacts and sustainability of potential management actions and understand, and anticipate ecological, economic and social dynamics at a range of scales from local to national and regional. To make these models most effective, it is important to determine how model characteristics and methods of communicating results influence the model implementation, the nature of the advice that can be provided and the impact on decisions taken by managers. This article presents a global review and comparative evaluation of 35 IEEFMs applied to marine fisheries and marine ecosystem resources to identify the characteristics that determine their usefulness, effectiveness and implementation. The focus is on fully integrated models that allow for feedbacks between ecological and human processes although not all the models reviewed achieve that. Modellers must invest more time to make models user friendly and to participate in management fora where models and model results can be explained and discussed. Such involvement is beneficial to all parties, leading to improvement of mo‐dels and more effective implementation of advice, but demands substantial resources which must be built into the governance process. It takes time to develop effective processes for using IEEFMs requiring a long‐term commitment to integrating multidisciplinary modelling advice into management decision‐making. 相似文献
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Kurt C. Heim Thomas E. McMahon Leonardo Calle Mark S. Wipfli Jeffrey A. Falke 《Fish and Fisheries》2019,20(4):802-816
Temporary aquatic habitats are not widely appreciated fish habitat. However, fish navigate the transient waters of intertidal zones, floodplains, intermittent and ephemeral streams, lake margins, seasonally frozen lakes and streams, and anthropogenic aquatic habitats across the globe to access important resources. The selective pressures imposed by water impermanence (i.e., freezing, drying, tidal fluctuations), however, operate similarly across taxa and ecosystems. These similarities are formalized into a conceptual model relating habitat use to surface water phenology. Whereas all necessary life history functions (spawning, foraging, refuge, and dispersal) can be accomplished in temporary habitats, the timing, duration, and predictability of water act as a “life history filter” to which habitats can be used and for what purpose. Habitats wet from minutes to months may all be important—albeit in different ways, for different species. If life history needs co‐occur with accessibility, temporary habitats can contribute substantially to individual fitness, overall production and important metapopulation processes. This heuristic is intended to promote research, recognition and conservation of these frequently overlooked habitats that can be disproportionately important relative to their size or brevity of existence. There is a pressing need to quantify how use of temporary aquatic habitats translates to individual fitness benefits, population size and temporal stability, and ecosystem‐level consequences. Temporary aquatic habitats are being impacted at an alarming rate by anthropogenic activities altering their existence, phenology, and connectivity. It is timely that scientists, managers and policymakers consider the role these habitats play in global fish production. 相似文献
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Dong Zhang Wujing Heng Ling Chu Dongpo Xu Bin Kang Yunzhi Yan 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2020,29(4):752-763
Identifying the spatial patterns of fish diversity in streams is basic for the conservation and management of stream fishes. The “upstream–downstream” patterns in the taxonomic α-diversity of stream fishes have been widely surveyed. However, the longitudinal patterns in the functional diversity and β-diversity of stream fishes have been given less attention. In this study, we surveyed fishes along an upstream–downstream gradient in a headwater stream of the Qiantang River, China, and examined the longitudinal variations in fish diversity. Our aims were to assess whether the longitudinal patterns in fish diversity were consistent between the taxonomic and functional metrics and between the α- and β-aspects of diversity. We found that both species richness and functional richness of fishes showed a hump-shaped relationship with the distance from headwaters, while both taxonomic and functional β-diversities presented the U-shaped distributions along the river continuum. Functional diversity related more to the distance from headwaters than taxonomic diversity. Despite their similar relationship with the distance from headwaters, taxonomic and functional β-diversities were dominated by species turnover and function nestedness components, respectively. Our results suggest that, along the river continuum in a subtropical stream, the α- and β-aspects of fish diversity present different longitudinal variations. Although the taxonomic and functional diversity shows similar relationships with distance from headwaters, their spatial variations are driven by different ecological processes. 相似文献
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对虾白黑斑病的防治技术研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对虾白黑斑病已被证实为一种生理性疾病，与细菌等生物性病原没有直接关系。根据这一结果作者一改过去以抗菌素为主治疗该病的方法，而采取生成防中强对虾营养的措施，在实验室小水体及生产养虾池进行防治试验，取得了满意的结果。 相似文献
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A monitoring program for the prevalence and intensity of sea lice infestations of wild and escaped farmed salmon has been underway on the Magaguadavic River since 1992. Fish are screened in a fish ladder trap located in freshwater a short distance above the head of tide. No trends with time were evident in observed sea lice burdens, and in all years the majority of salmon, both wild and escapees, had no or low levels of infestation with sea lice. In the spring of 2002, 23 landlocked salmon moving to sea from the Magaguadavic River were acoustically tagged. Two fish returned to the river after a brief period of residence in Passamaquoddy Bay, with significant dermal damage from sea lice. These fish were tracked to areas close to commercial salmon farms. 相似文献
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硇洲马尾藻人工育苗常见敌害生物及防治初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文调查了硇洲马尾藻人工育苗期间的主要敌害生物,并初步探讨了不同物理方法和化学药剂对其敌害生物的清除效果,旨在为人工育苗栽培提供基础资料。调查发现硅藻、刚毛藻、石莼、浒苔等附生藻类对硇洲马尾藻生长影响较大,蓝子鱼、麦秆虫和藻钩虾的摄食是硇洲马尾藻幼苗海区培育的主要危害。苗帘用5%硫酸铵药浴5min可抑制刚毛藻的生长,以2%柠檬酸药浴5min、0.3%醋酸药浴3min、3%硝酸铵药浴5min等均可药杀石莼、浒苔等附生绿藻,用640mg/L敌百虫浸泡10min可杀灭藻钩虾。 相似文献
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虾蟹类遗传育种学研究 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
虾蟹类在分类学上属十足目（Ｄｅｃａｐｏｄａ）甲壳动物,在水产养殖业中占有极为重要的地位。六十年代以来,随着众多经济虾蟹类（如对虾、罗氏沼虾、中华绒螯蟹）人工培育苗种的成功,其养殖业发展迅猛,特别是近年来特种水产养殖业的兴起,使虾蟹类的身价倍增。据不完... 相似文献