共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
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本文主要阐述了紫外线(UV)消毒的发展概况,消毒的基本原理,以及国内外应用概况和紫外线杀菌灯的工作原理,并探讨采用紫外线消毒存在的主要问题及改进方向. 相似文献
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贝类净化技术的初步研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
紫外线对空气和水都能起消毒作用。用紫外线消毒海水进行贝类净化,在美国和英国仍为最常用的方法。臭氧是一种极强的氧化剂和高效杀菌消毒剂,它在水中时刻发生还原反应,十分活泼,产生具有强氧化作用的单原子氧(O),瞬时分解水中有机物质、细菌和微生物。臭氧消毒技术在海水中的应用,仅仅是近十年的研究。美国将含臭氧的空气高密度地引进养殖水域,既起到杀菌作用,又达到了充分增氧的目的。日本科学家研究利用臭氧进行海水淡化也取得了初步成功。目前,国内用臭氧处理海珍品育苗用水,并取得了一定的效果。随着水产养殖业的发展,贝类养殖在水产… 相似文献
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以小龙虾为原料加工的主要产品为虾仁,由于从活虾变成产品,再进入市场,周期较长,为了不使虾仁腐化变质,所以产品加工过程中,必须防止细菌污染。传统消毒杀菌方式主要有紫外线杀菌和药剂杀菌,但紫外线在高湿的环境中杀菌效果减弱,药剂杀菌易造成药剂残留。通过近年来对臭氧杀菌技术的研究,我们在小龙虾的加工过程中采用臭氧作为杀菌剂,取得了良好的效果。一、工艺流程活虾→清洗→蒸煮→清洗→剥壳→去虾黄→冲洗→沥水→真空包装二、工艺流程分析1、操作人员:由于加工过程中主要是以手工操作为主,操作人员的清洁、消毒至关重要。2、蒸煮后虾… 相似文献
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Shinya Mizuno Shigehiko Urawa Mahito Miyamoto Makoto Hatakeyama Nobuhisa Koide Hiroshi Ueda 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(1):129-140
In northern Japan, juvenile chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum) are released from hatcheries to enhance the fishery resource. Infections with ectoparasitic protozoans, particularly the flagellate Ichthyobodo salmonis and the ciliate Trichodina truttae, occasionally cause severe mortality among hatchery‐reared juveniles. This study examined the susceptibility of the two parasites to wide‐ranging UV irradiation (experiment 1) and then investigated whether UV disinfection of the rearing water using a commercial device was useful for preventing infections among juveniles in a small‐scale rearing system over a 28‐day period (experiment 2). In experiment 1, parasite mortality reached 100% with UV irradiation doses of ≥9.60 × 105 μW s/cm2 for I. salmonis and ≥8.40 × 105 μW s/cm2 for T. truttae. In experiment 2, disinfection of the rearing water at a UV irradiation dose of 2.2 × 106 μW s/cm2 succeeded in complete prevention of both parasites in the juvenile salmon. These results elucidate the minimum dose of UV irradiation for inactivation of I. salmonis and T. truttae, and demonstrate the usefulness of water disinfection using a commercial UV irradiation device to prevent infections by these parasites in hatchery‐reared juvenile chum salmon. 相似文献
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The rearing environment is important for a stable production of good quality lobster juveniles. By providing an environment excluding pathogens and dominated by mutualistic bacteria, the probability of developing healthy host-microbe relationships and produce healthy juveniles is increased. Disinfection of water and sudden increase in the supply of organic matter in culture tanks are processes that open for uncontrolled microbial regrowth in the rearing water. This increase the variability in the development of the microbiota between replicate rearing tanks and promotes selection for potentially harmful opportunistic bacteria. In two start feeding experiments with European lobster (Homarus gammarus) we compared the bacterial environment in three types of rearing systems: a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) with UV treatment directly in front of the rearing raceways, a RAS without disinfection, and a conventional flow through system (FTS). The RAS with no disinfection was hypothesised to stabilise the microbiota of the rearing water, select against opportunistic bacteria, and reduce variability in production outcome between replicate tanks compared to the other systems. As predicted, the three different systems developed significantly different compositions of the microbiota in the rearing water and the larvae. On average, the survival of larvae in RAS without disinfection increased with 43 and 275 %, in the first experiment, and 64 and 18 % in the second experiment, compared to RAS with UV and FTS, respectively. Also, the RAS without disinfection showed less variability in the survival of larvae between replicate tanks and batches compared to the other treatments. The results are promising for controlling the microbiota of the rearing water to improve, increase and stabilise the production of marine larvae by competent use of water treatment and selection regimes. Based on the presented and previous work, RAS is recommended over FTS, and in RAS it is recommended to avoid point-disinfection of the recirculating water, to provide a stable and beneficial microbial environment in the cultivation of marine larvae. 相似文献
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Mariel Gullian Francisco J Espinosa‐Faller Alicia Núñez Norberto López‐Barahona 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(4):595-606
This research was carried out to study the effect of turbidity on the effectiveness of ultraviolet light (UVC) for removing heterotrophic bacteria (HB) from two commercial recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). We developed a simple and straightforward UV disinfection model based on water turbidity to predict the cost‐effectiveness of disinfection. The UVC from RAS1 (12.8 m3, 80 L min?1, indoor system) was tested at 9.2, 9.9, 16.3, 17.2, 23.1 and 28.2 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) after 24 h of exposure. The RAS2 (140 m3, 1140 L min?1, outdoor system) was tested at 8.0, 9.2, 11.0, 12.1, 16.0, 24.2, 27.0, 31.3 and 31.7 NTU after 72 h. An increase in turbidity in the water was achieved by rearing Oreochromis niloticus fish. The RAS1 achieved a maximum UV efficiency (89.8%≈1 Log) at 9.2 NTU after 24 h and RAS2 at 8.0 NTU (86.4%≈0.9 Log) after 72 h of exposure. For RAS1, the UVC removed 90% of HB in 24 h when the turbidity was <9.9 NTU. For RAS2, without restrictions on particle size and relatively high phytoplankton abundance, the UV was unlikely to be a cost‐effective way of removing HB at turbidity above 11.0 NTU. 相似文献
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以半滑舌鳎皮肤溃疡病的致病菌灿烂弧菌Vibrio splendidus和哈维氏弧菌Vibrio harveyi为指示菌,研究了循环水养殖系统各环节中细菌分布和消除工艺。结果表明,不健康的苗种携带病原菌进入养殖系统后,可分布在残饵、池壁污物、养殖工具及循环水各处理环节。而弧形筛过滤、曝气池气升、紫外线消毒是循环水养殖系统消除细菌的三大环节。用5×10-6 mol/L的KMnO4溶液浸泡工具2h,对细菌的杀灭率达到100%;用25×10-6 mol/L的KMnO4溶液擦拭养殖池壁污物1.5min后,细菌杀灭率高于90%;用100×10-6 mol/L浓度的H2O2溶液对养殖舌鳎病鱼进行药浴消毒处理10min,对体表细菌的杀灭率达到了94.49%。对鲆鲽鱼类循环水养殖系统中细菌的分布和消除效果进行了系统研究,研究结果可为建立循环水健康养殖工艺提供理论数据和参考。 相似文献
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M. Angélica Garrido‐Pereira André Luiz Braga Andréa Ferretto da Rocha Luís André Sampaio Paulo César Abreu 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(2):261-267
Effects of ultraviolet radiation (UV) on probiotic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis) were tested in two experiments, with the following treatments: (i) UV treatment – using fluorescent and UV‐lamps and (ii) Control – CTRL, using fluorescent lamps. Bacterial abundance and respiration were evaluated every 24 h for 3 days for Experiment 1, and at 0, 6 and 24 h for Experiment 2. In the Experiment 1, total UV dose was 4 336.41 mW cm?2. UV treatment presented small respiration rates only on day 3, while in the CTRL oxygen consumption was always high. On all days, the abundance of the Bacilli exposed to UV was significantly smaller than that of the CTRL. The second experiment, with total UV dose of 1 445.47 mW cm?2, presented oxygen consumption in the UV treatment only during the first 6 h. In the CTRL, oxygen consumption increased from the beginning due to the bigger abundance Bacilli cells. Small coccus‐shaped bacteria ocurred in the UV treatment of both experiments. It may be concluded that exposure to UV, normally used for water disinfection, can inactivate probiotic bacteria. 相似文献
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Fungal infestation by water mold Saprolegnia spp. causes great losses in aquaculture and fish egg hatching. To find a safe and effective alternative for the fungal prevention, we studied continuous disinfection of the inlet water by UV irradiation and ozonation combined with low concentration hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatments in a rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) egg hatching system. High dose of UV irradiation (400 mWs/cm2) of the inlet water decreased the mortality of rainbow trout eggs from the 77.3% to 14.3% in a 28 day trial. UV irradiation did not modify water quality parameters, while combination of UV irradiation and H2O2 caused up to fivefold increase in the formate levels, and combination of O3 and H2O2 caused even ten-fold increase in the acetate and formate levels. UV suppressed the gradual increase of the heterotrophic bacterial counts on the fish eggs. Based on the molecular profiling high dose of UV reduced the growth of some of the dominating bacterial groups and combination of UV and H2O2 had a distinctive effect on the overall bacterial community structure on the fish eggs. 相似文献
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为探索绿色环保的循环水养殖模式,设计循环水鱼菜共生系统(鱼菜组)、紫外灯鱼菜共生系统(鱼菜紫外灯组)及循环水养殖系统(循环水组),比较三种不同处理方式对镜鲤(Cyprinuscarpio var.specularis)、叶用莴苣(Lactuca sativa var.ramosa)生长和养殖水质的影响。结果显示,鱼菜组、鱼菜紫外灯组处理对镜鲤的生长无显著影响,但会显著影响镜鲤形态学指标,鱼菜组镜鲤肠体比显著低于循环水组。体成分方面,鱼菜组全鱼粗蛋白、粗脂肪显著高于循环水组,鱼菜组肝脏粗蛋白显著低于循环水组。鱼菜紫外灯组的细菌总数显著低于鱼菜组。水质方面,鱼菜组、鱼菜紫外灯组可显著降低系统中氨氮、硝酸盐氮及总磷总氮含量,鱼菜紫外灯组硝酸盐氮、总磷及总氮含量显著高于鱼菜组。综上所述,循环水系统耦合水培蔬菜单元可改善系统水质,改善鱼体成分,并且结合紫外灯处理可降低水体细菌总数。 相似文献
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A flow-through culture system is described for the controlled production of Artemia cysts in 10 litre aquaria using 50%. artificial seawater enriched with Fe-EDTA as culture medium, micronised ricebran as food source and cyclic flushes of the cultures with N2-gas as induction mechanism for oviparity. The culture water is recirculated over a rotating biological contactor, a settling tank and a UV disinfection unit. Cysts are continuously harvested by filtration of the culture effluent. Production yields average 0·5 g dry cysts per day and per aquarium. 相似文献
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从预防病害发生入手,应用沉淀分离、旋流分离和砂滤等固液分离技术,提高循环水量,增加固液分离、生物过滤、紫外线消毒等水质净化频次,保持鱼类、水质环境和病原微生物的生态平衡,以生态清洁的方式健康养殖。结果表明,在生态清洁型循环水系统中养殖点带石斑鱼,养殖期12个月,无明显病害发生,养殖过程不用药,养殖产量为25.44 kg/m2,成活率87.42%。 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to develop a simple yet accurate method for the detection of bromate in brackish water. Typically, bromate is measured by ion chromatography; however, the presence of chloride ions complicates bromate detection using this technique. Where bromide ions are naturally present in the source water to be ozonated, either for drinking water or aquacultural purposes, bromate is formed as a disinfection by-product. As such, the need to measure bromate in brackish water is complicated due to the naturally present chloride ions. The study was carried out in a laboratory setting using a UV-spectrophotometer and an ion chromatograph to verify the results. To examine the robustness of the UV-based method, seven water matrices were used to test the bromate detection method. The bromate method presented herein utilizes a reaction of bromate with iodide followed by detection at a UV absorbance at 352 nm. A key finding from the study was that the concentration of bromate was quickly and accurately determined using spectrophotometry. This method successfully measured bromate in waters containing a broad range of conductivity and avoided interference from other anions. The method detection limit reported for all seven water matrices tested was greater than 0.14 mg L−1, which limits the methods utility to saline solutions. 相似文献