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本文评述美国农业部猪胴体等级划分的方法。猪肉生产者追求的是高屠宰率。但是屠宰率通常并不是衡量胴体价值的良好指标,这部分原因是脂肪型猪的屠宰率高于瘦肉型猪。猪肉品质与美国农业部等级美国农业部于80年代中期对阉公猪和小母猪胴体的分级标准进行了修订。阉公猪和小母猪胴体按肉脂品质以及腿臀.腰段、前腿肉和颈肉四个瘦肉分割肉块的期望总量进行分级。该标准采用两级品质,即 相似文献
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15年来,美国农业部第一次复审了猪胴体分级标准。在美国,虽然对猪胴体分级是自愿的,但政府制定的标准仍被广泛用作分割猪肉定价的基础,也是屠宰或加工厂制定各自猪胴体分级方案的基础。业已提出了修改标准的建议,以使现行分级标准更符合美国猪肉质量的提高。现行分级标准是1968年制定的,而现在猪背瞟厚度已经缩小,肌肉质量也已提高。根据美国农业部1980年的调查,71.7％的堵胴体列为优级;反之,当现行标准在1968年被通过时,美国农业部分级的猪胴体,只有 相似文献
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20世纪,加拿大（60年代）、美国（70年代）、日本（80年代）、欧盟（1989年）等根据各自国情先后建立了自己的猪胴体分级和标准。我国于解放后制定了生猪收购办法,80年代制定了外销生猪活体分级办法,1988年制定了猪胴体分级标准。 相似文献
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20世纪,加拿大(60年代)、美国(70年代)、日本(80年代)、欧盟(1989年)等根据各自国情先后建立了自己的猪胴体分级和标准.我国于解放后制定了生猪收购小猪,80年代制定了外销生猪活体分级办法,1988年制定了猪胴体分级标准. 相似文献
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巴克夏与广东小耳花猪杂交效果分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国畜牧杂志》2019,(4)
为进一步开发利用广东小耳花猪肉品质优良的种质特性,本研究选用广东小耳花猪和巴克夏猪进行杂交,测定其杂交后代巴花猪(巴克夏猪♂×广东小耳花猪♀)的生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质。结果表明:巴×花杂交组合的总产仔数达到11.47头;巴花猪的初生均重达到850 g,育肥阶段日增重达到667 g,育肥阶段耗料增重比为3.35;120 kg体重屠宰,肌内脂肪含量为4.27%,瘦肉率为43.12%,肉色评分为5.58分,背膘厚度为47.42 mm,剪切力为37.35 N。综合来看,巴花猪在生长、胴体等多项性能方面均优于广东小耳花猪,体现出了父本生长速度快、胴体瘦肉率高的特性,同时其肌内脂肪含量高,胴体瘦肉率偏低,也表现出母本肌肉细嫩、大理石纹丰富、胴体瘦肉率低的特性,是一种可推广的生产优质猪肉的杂交模式。 相似文献
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高致病性禽流感免疫的管理环节 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
一 严管疫苗生产环节
兽用生物制品生产厂家多,品种较多,质量不一,免疫效果各异,特别是高致病性禽流感疫苗,由于生产时间较短,疫苗质量不够稳定,副作用较为严重,包装规格单一,技术服务滞后．严重地影响了高致病性禽流感的免疫效果。如有的厂家疫苗生产的批准文号和疫苗产品不相符。有的中试产品或有临时批准文号的疫苗,不按规定范围随意大面积推广,有的同一厂家生产的疫苗,不同批次质量不一,免疫效果差异较大。 相似文献
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Transgenic pigs for xenotransplantation for humans] 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
H Niemann 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1999,106(4):141-146
Transgenic livestock have been generated via microinjection of DNA-constructs into pronuclei of zygotes. However, efficiency is low and only 1-3% transgenic offspring are to be obtained. Integration of the transgene occurs at random and expression is independent from the number of integrated copies but can be affected by the integration site. To overcome the shortage of human organs, transgenic pigs have been generated that express human complement regulatory genes. This approach enables to overcome the hyperacute rejection response as shown by an average survival rate (40-90 days) of the immunosuppressed primate recipients receiving a heart from a transgenic pig. It is expected that transgenic pigs would be available as organ donors in the next 5-10 years. A major prerequisite, however, is the prevention of the potential transfer of pathogenic microorganisms, in particular porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV). Improvements of the efficiency in the generation of transgenic pigs will be achieved by the use of genetically modified donor cells in nuclear transfer technology (cloning). 相似文献
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Strategies for Using eFSH for Superovulating Mares 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Patrick M. McCue DVM PhD Melissa Patten BS David Denniston PhD Jason E. Bruemmer PhD Edward L. Squires PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2008,28(2):91-96
The standard treatment for superovulation of mares is to administer equine follicle-stimulating hormone (eFSH) for 4 to 5 days to stimulate multiple follicles and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to induce synchronous ovulations. Objectives of this study were: (1) to determine whether a short-term (3-day) eFSH treatment protocol would result in similar ovulation and embryo recovery rates compared with the standard eFSH protocol; (2) to determine the efficacy of a decreasing dose of eFSH (step-down protocol) on ovulation rate and embryo recovery; (3) to compare the efficacy of hCG and recombinant equine luteinizing hormone (reLH) for inducing ovulation in FSH-treated mares; and (4) to compare embryo recovery rates and embryo size when mares are flushed at 6.5 or 7.0 days after ovulation. Forty light-horse mares were used in 2005 (experiment 1) and 20 different mares were used in 2006 (experiment 2). In experiment 1, mares were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: (1) untreated controls, (2) standard eFSH treatment (12.5 mg intramuscularly twice daily), and (3) 3-day eFSH treatment. In experiment 2, mares were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: (1) untreated controls, (2) standard eFSH protocol, (3) 3-day eFSH treatment, and (4) step-down eFSH treatment (12.5 mg twice daily day 1, 8.0 mg twice daily day 2, 4.0 mg twice daily day 3). Within each treatment, mares were given either hCG (2,500 IU) or equine LH (750 mg, EquiPure LH; reLH) to induce synchronized ovulations. Embryo recovery was performed either 6.5 or 7.0 days after ovulation. In experiment 1, numbers of preovulatory follicles and ovulations were less for mares in the 3-day treatment group than the standard group, but were greater than for controls. Embryo recovery per flush was higher in the standard group (2.6) than the 3-day eFSH treatment (0.8) or control groups (0.8). In experiment 2, the number of preovulatory follicles and number of ovulations were greater in the standard and 3-day treatment groups than in control and step-down groups. The percent embryo recovery per ovulation and mean embryo grade were similar for all groups; however, the embryo recovery per flush was higher for mares in the standard treatment than controls (1.3 vs 0.6) but was similar to the 3-day (1.1) and step-down (0.8) treatments. Embryo recovery was similar for flushes performed on days 6.5 and 7.0 post-ovulation. The percentage of control mares ovulating within 48 hours in response to hCG or reLH was similar. In contrast, a higher percentage of eFSH-treated mares ovulated within 48 hours in response to reLH than hCG (92% vs 71%). In both years, the 3-day eFSH treatment protocol resulted in a greater number of preovulatory follicles and a greater number of ovulations than untreated controls. Unfortunately, the increased ovulation rate for mares administered eFSH for 3 days did not result in a greater number of embryos recovered per flush in either year. Use of a step-down eFSH treatment protocol resulted in fewer preovulatory follicles, fewer ovulations, and fewer embryos as compared with the standard eFSH treatment. In conclusion, the standard eFSH treatment resulted in a greater embryo recovery rate per cycle than either the 3-day or step-down treatment protocols. Recombinant equine LH was more effective than hCG in causing ovulation in eFSH-treated mares. 相似文献