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1.
根据NCBI公布的温和气单胞菌(Aeromonas sobria)丝氨酸蛋白酶的基因序列,设计并选取一对能够快速而准确地检测温和气单胞菌的PCR引物,建立PCR快速检测体系,并对患病的鱼组织进行检测。研究结果表明,使用设计的引物能够扩增出与预计大小相符合的131 bp的特异性片段,具有较好的检测特异性,对靶标DNA的检测灵敏度为1.0 pg/20μL,对温和气单胞菌的检测灵敏度为50 cfu/20μL。样品的检测结果与实际发病情况一致,表明本研究成功建立了温和气单胞菌常规PCR检测体系,该体系可以用于温和气单胞菌的诊断和样品的检测。 相似文献
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细菌鞭毛蛋白编码基因hag具两端的保守序列及中间可变区域,在细菌的分类和鉴定中可作为分子标记。本研究克隆了坚强芽孢杆菌鞭毛蛋白编码基因hag部分序列,根据所得核酸序列设计套式引物Bfho和Bfhi,进行菌株的套式PCR特异性检测。此外,采用内引物Bfhi建立坚强芽孢杆菌荧光定量PCR特异性检测方法并确定该方法的检测限,对15个模拟样品进行检测并对阳性组中坚强芽孢杆菌的含量进行定量分析。结果显示,克隆得到的坚强芽孢杆菌hag基因长为1213 bp,经比对,与枯草芽孢杆菌hag基因相似性为13%-15%。荧光定量PCR方法对坚强芽孢杆菌菌株PC004和PC024的检测限分别为17.3×103和19.7×103 CFU/ml。模拟样品检测结果显示,15个样品中检测出7个阳性,并同时定量各样品中坚强芽孢杆菌的含量。本研究建立的坚强芽孢杆菌检测方法特异性强、操作时间短、灵敏度高,可为该菌的实际检测提供技术支持。 相似文献
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根据罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)幼体培育期主要细菌性病原阴沟肠杆菌omp A基因序列、产气肠杆菌gry B基因序列设计特异性引物,通过对PCR扩增产物进行测序鉴定与特异性和敏感性试验,建立了两种病原菌的PCR快速检测方法,并对发病样品进行了检测。结果显示,设计的阴沟肠杆菌与产气肠杆菌检测引物能分别扩增出与预计大小一致的385 bp和201 bp的特异性片段,与其余供试菌株无交叉反应。两种检测方法的灵敏度分别为103 CFU/ml和102 CFU/ml。罗氏沼虾幼体样品的检测结果与实际发病情况一致,建立的检测方法也可直接对样品进行PCR检测,而无需细菌分离培养。本研究建立的阴沟肠杆菌与产气肠杆菌PCR检测方法具有较高的特异性与灵敏度,可缩短检测时间,该方法的建立对罗氏沼虾幼体病原的快速诊断、分子流行病学的调查及无特定病原(SPF)群体的建立具有重要意义。 相似文献
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根据NCBI公布的爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella ictaluri)磷酸丝氨酸转氨酶(phosphoserine transaminase,serC)的基因序列,设计一对特异性引物,建立了可快速而准确地检测爱德华氏菌的PCR方法,并对患病鱼组织进行了检测。研究结果表明,使用设计的引物能够扩增出与预计大小一致的124 bp的特异性片段,具有较好的检测特异性,对靶标DNA的检测灵敏度为50 pg/反应,对靶标细菌的检测灵敏度为56 cfu/反应。样品的检测结果与实际发病情况一致,表明成功建立了爱德华氏菌常规PCR检测方法,可用于爱德华氏菌病的诊断。 相似文献
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《渔业科学进展》2015,(4)
根据罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)幼体培育期主要细菌性病原阴沟肠杆菌omp A基因序列、产气肠杆菌gry B基因序列设计特异性引物,通过对PCR扩增产物进行测序鉴定与特异性和敏感性试验,建立了两种病原菌的PCR快速检测方法,并对发病样品进行了检测。结果显示,设计的阴沟肠杆菌与产气肠杆菌检测引物能分别扩增出与预计大小一致的385 bp和201 bp的特异性片段,与其余供试菌株无交叉反应。两种检测方法的灵敏度分别为103 CFU/ml和102 CFU/ml。罗氏沼虾幼体样品的检测结果与实际发病情况一致,建立的检测方法也可直接对样品进行PCR检测,而无需细菌分离培养。本研究建立的阴沟肠杆菌与产气肠杆菌PCR检测方法具有较高的特异性与灵敏度,可缩短检测时间,该方法的建立对罗氏沼虾幼体病原的快速诊断、分子流行病学的调查及无特定病原(SPF)群体的建立具有重要意义。 相似文献
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应用2对特异性引物,通过对反应条件和体系的优化,成功建立了能快速检测维氏气单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌两种病原的双重PCR方法。研究结果表明,该方法特异性强,仅对龟鳖维氏气单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌有扩增,而对其他龟鳖常见病原无扩增;该方法对维氏气单胞菌最低检测核酸质量浓度为1.75×10-3 ng/μL,对鲍曼不动杆菌最低检测核酸质量浓度为3.96×10-3 ng/μL,检出率较传统检测方法高。该研究所建立的双重PCR方法灵敏度高、特异性好,可为临床龟鳖维氏气单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌感染的诊断和流行病学调查等提供帮助。 相似文献
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由爱德华氏细菌引起的肠败血症(ESC,又称爱德华氏病)是影响斑点叉尾养殖最大的疾病。为快速和准确的诊断该疾病,本研究以NCBI公布的爱德华氏细菌eip基因(GeneBank登录号为AF037441)为模板序列,设计种特异性诊断引物,成功建立了用于斑点叉尾肠败血症病原菌的PCR检测方法。研究结果表明,该方法能够直接从发病斑点叉尾脑、肝、脾和肾组织中检测到爱德华氏菌,检测的最低量为21个细菌;同时,该诊断方法与I型荧光假单胞菌、点状产气单胞菌点状亚种、鳗弧菌、温和气单胞菌、肠型点状产气单胞菌、柱状黄杆菌、嗜水气单胞菌、河弧菌、豚鼠气单胞菌及海豚链球菌等常见水产病原菌无交叉反应。临床样品检测证明,本研究所建立的PCR检测方法可以用于斑点叉尾肠败血症的快速诊断。 相似文献
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在异育银鲫（）引起的“喉孢子虫病”常会导致池塘养殖苗种和成鱼大量死亡。因此,建立一种特异性强、灵敏度高和易于操作的检测方法对于该病的早期诊断以及防治具有重要意义。本研究基于洪湖碘泡虫18S rDNA基因序列设计合成两组特异性引物,通过外引物组和单条内引物组合及条件优化,建立了洪湖碘泡虫单管半巢式PCR检测方法,并对该方法的特异性、灵敏度及临床应用分别进行了验证。结果显示,该检测方法特异性好,只有洪湖碘泡虫扩增为阳性,瓶囊碘泡虫（Thelohanellus wuhanensis）及异育银鲫肌肉样品等均为阴性;最低检测灵敏度极限为4.2 copy/μL;对疫区养殖池塘健康异育银鲫的卵巢、肾脏及脾脏组织样品检测发现洪湖碘泡虫阳性率分别为40%、32%和8%,检出率显著高于普通PCR。因此,本研究所建立的检测方法特异性强、灵敏度高,可应用于洪湖碘泡虫的早期快速检测。 相似文献
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近年来，海豚链球病已给我国及世界罗非鱼养殖带来了巨大的经济损失。为建立特异、敏感、快速的罗非鱼海豚链球菌PCR诊断方法，根据NCBI数据库已公布的海豚链球菌基因序列，设计合成种特异性引物CM1／CM2，进行海豚链球菌特异基因片段的PCR扩增试验、反应条件的优化及不同检测材料的比较。同时测试了方法的特异性和敏感性，对不同养殖鱼场的10份临床样品进行了检测。试验结果表明，引物CM1／CM2可以扩增到与预计大小相符的870bp海豚链球菌特异性基因片段；PCR反应与鮰爱德华氏细菌、Ⅰ型荧光假单胞菌、点状产气单胞菌点状亚种、鳗弧菌、温和气单胞菌、肠型点状产气单胞菌、柱状黄杆菌、嗜水气单胞菌和河弧菌水产常见病原菌均无交叉反应；能够检测的最低细菌数为20～30个海豚链球菌；同时，该PCR可以直接从病鱼的脑、肝脏、肾脏及脾脏组织扩增出特异性目的片段；临床菌株检测结果与基于菌株16srRNA基因序列系统进化分析结果一致。由于病鱼内脏组织总DNA、菌落及菌液可直接用于该PCR扩增，最大限度缩短了整个检测时间及降低了检测成本。方法的建立为致病性海豚链球菌检测提供了一种简便、快速的途径，具有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
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The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
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There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献