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1.
A study was conducted to determine whether trichostrongylid nematode larvae become contaminated with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis when they develop in the faeces of sheep with Johne's disease. Nematode larvae were hatched from ova in the faecal samples of affected sheep. Larval sheaths were removed and these as well as exsheathed larvae were subjected to radiometric culture for M. paratuberculosis. The organism was recovered from washing water used to prepare the larvae, third stage larvae and larval sheaths, but not from exsheathed larvae. The recovery of M. paratuberculosis from larvae was associated with the severity of the histological lesions in affected sheep and with the results of culture of the organism from intestinal tissues and faeces. Nematode parasites of sheep might be able to act as mechanical vectors for M. paratuberculosis as the organism associates with infective third stage larvae when these develop in the faeces of sheep with Johne's disease. 相似文献
2.
Joan Klausen Lars Ekeroth Jan Gr?ndahl-Hansen Lars Ole Andresen 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2007,19(3):244-249
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen was purified from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 7 by phenol-water extraction and fractionated on a, S-100 Sephacryl column. High molecular weight fractions of LPS purified from the S-100 column were pooled and used as antigen in an indirect serovar 7 ELISA. The ELISA was evaluated with sera from pigs experimentally infected with 11 different A. pleuropneumoniae serovars of biotype 1. Estimation of sensitivity and specificity of the A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 7 ELISA was performed using pig sera from herds naturally infected with A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 7 as well as sera from herds free of infection with A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 7. When compared to the complement fixation test (CFT) as a reference test, the ELISA showed much higher sensitivity and statistically equivalent specificity. 相似文献
3.
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been developed to detect antibodies to epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer virus (EHDV). The assay incorporates a monoclonal antibody to EHDV serotype 2 (EHDV-2) that demonstrates specificity for the viral structural protein, VP7. The assay was evaluated with sequential sera collected from cattle experimentally infected with EHDV serotype 1 (EHDV-1) and EHDV-2, as well as the four serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV), BTV-10, BTV-11, BTV-13, and BTV-17, that currently circulate in the US. A competitive and a blocking format as well as the use of antigen produced from both EHDV-1- and EHDV-2-infected cells were evaluated. The assay was able to detect specific antibody as early as 7 days after infection and could differentiate animals experimentally infected with EHDV from those experimentally infected with BTV. The diagnostic potential of this assay was demonstrated with field-collected serum samples from cattle, deer, and buffalo. 相似文献
4.
OBJECTIVE: To perform a comprehensive phenotypic characterisation of 35 isolates of bacteria previously identified as haemolytic Pasteurella-Actinobacillus and obtained from cattle and sheep. DESIGN: The 35 isolates that had been obtained from Australian animals, 30 from cattle and five from sheep, were compared with reference strains of the five recognised species of the genus Mannheimia--M. haemolytica, M. glucosida, M. granulomatis, M. ruminalis and M. varigena. RESULTS: Thirty-four of the isolates could be confidently assigned to three species of the genus Mannheimia. Twenty-nine were M. haemolytica, with 25 being isolated from cattle and four from sheep. All but three of the bovine M. haemolytica were isolated from pneumonic lungs. Of the three remaining bovine M. haemolytica isolates, one was obtained in pure culture from a bovine milk sample and the other two as part of a mixed flora associated with a middle ear infection of a calf suffering mucosal disease. Of the four ovine M. haemolytica isolates, two were isolated in pure culture from milk and two, also in pure culture, from pneumonic lungs. Three bovine isolates were identified as M. granulomatis--one from a tongue abscess, one from a jaw abscess and one from a lung showing suppurative bronchopneumonia. Two bovine isolates were identified as M. varigena--one coming from an udder and the other from a spleen. The available diagnostic records provided no information on whether these isolates were associated with a disease process. The remaining isolate was obtained from an ovine tongue abscess and could not be assigned to a recognised species within the genus Mannheimia. CONCLUSION: The study represents the first time that M. haemolytica, M. granulomatis and M. varigena have been recognised as being present in cattle and sheep in Australia. Veterinary laboratories that encounter Pasteurella-Actinobacillus-like organisms from cattle and sheep should attempt as complete a characterisation as possible to help improve our knowledge of the disease potential of these organsims. 相似文献
5.
Rzewuska M Stefańska I Osińska B Kizerwetter-Świda M Chrobak D Kaba J Bielecki W 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,159(1-2):69-76
In a breeding and fattening pig farm an increasing number of cases of abortion and generalized mycobacteriosis at slaughter occurred. Pathological findings compatible with mycobacteriosis, acid-fast organisms in tissues, and isolation of mycobacteria from tissue samples including fetuses, lungs and reproductive organs from sows, genital swabs, mesenteric lymph nodes, and from a sperm sample revealed the cause of the disease. Bacterial cultures were identified as Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis using IS901-/IS1245-specific PCR. Genotyping of selected isolates from animals as well as from their environment by MIRU-VNTR analysis showed that the herd was infected with one single outbreak strain. The same genotype was also isolated from pigs of two other farms which showed comparable symptoms and were in direct contact with the index farm as well as from their environment. Immunological host responses detected by tuberculin skin test and ELISA gave positive results at herd level only. Despite the detection of other potential pathogens mycobacteria were regarded as the causative agent of the reproductive disorders. To our knowledge this is the first report of an epidemic mycobacterial infection in a pig holding associated with reproductive disorders, which could be attributed to one single virulent strain, and the first report of detection of M. avium subsp. hominissuis in pig sperm. 相似文献
6.
Biofilm production by 221 Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 45 dairy herds was evaluated. Isolates were from composite milk of 117 cows, from teat skin of 70 cows, and from 34 milking machine unit liners. Of S. aureus from milk samples, 41.4% were biofilm producers, as compared to 24.7 and 14.7% of the isolates collected from skin and liners. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) best categorized S. aureus biofilm producers as compared to phage typing and binary typing. PFGE types that were significantly associated with isolation from milk as opposed to teat skin or liners, had isolates that were more likely to produce biofilm than PFGE types that were isolated from milk, skin and liners at similar frequencies. By contrast, PFGE type A was significantly associated with isolation from teat skin and had few biofilm producers. PFGE type Q, which is exclusively a milk, isolate produced more biofilm as evidenced by absorbance values. Given S. aureus that are associated with milk are more likely to produce biofilm as compared to extramammary sources (teat skin and milking unit liners), suggests that biofilm production is a risk factor for infection. 相似文献
7.
Ultracentrifugal Studies of Sera from Cattle Vaccinated or Naturally Infected with Brucella Abortus 
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下载免费PDF全文 Christine E. Rice Joan Tailyour Delma Cochrane 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1966,30(10):270-278
In conformity with the findings of previous investigators, it was shown by density gradient ultracentrifugation that the antibodies in sera collected from calves shortly after vaccination with Brucella abortus, strain 19, were entirely or mainly rapidly-sedimenting. These macroglobulin (19S or IgM) antibodies showed complement-fixing as well as agglutinative activity with Br. abortus antigen. In later bleedings from the same vaccinated calves, antibodies with an intermediate sedimentation rate, (IgG), were present, as well as IgM. Sera from 15 of 22 non-vaccinated, relatively recent field cases of brucellosis appeared to contain only the IgG class of antibodies. In one herd, however, two cows with IgM only and five with both IgM and IgA were found; all seven of these cattle had been serologically negative before their introduction into this known infected herd a few months earlier. The agglutinative activity of sera from four cases of brucellosis of long standing and from eight cows, 4 to 13 years of age, that had been vaccinated as calves, was confined to the IgG fraction. 相似文献
8.
The antigens extracted from strains belonging to seven capsular serotypes of Rhodococcus equi, as well as from two wild strains isolated from pneumonic foals, were examined. Whole-cell antigens and soluble products present in broth culture supernatants were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, electroblotted onto nitrocellulose, and stained with serum from hyperimmunized rabbits or foals. Foal sera used included sera from pneumonic animals with known titer to equi factors; from animals bled monthly on a farm with enzootic pneumonia, and from animals bled monthly on a farm with no history of R. equi pneumonia. The humoral response of foals to somatic antigen preparations was negligible, with few differences noted between sera from healthy, subclinically affected, and sick foals. The humoral response to R. equi broth culture supernatant products appeared more marked and was related to equi factor antibody titer. These findings suggest that the humoral response to R. equi whole-cell antigens is unimportant in protection against disease, which is consistent with the behavior of the organism as a facultative intracellular pathogen. 相似文献
9.
Boguta L Gradzki Z Borges E Maurin F Kodjo A Winiarczyk S 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2002,49(6):294-297
Bacteria isolated from nasal cavity of 80 foals with upper respiratory tract infection, as well as from 20 healthy foals, were examined. Within the group of sick animals, from 18 (22.5%) bacteria with recognized pathogenicity were isolated. Coagulase-negative staphylococci and Acinetobacter sp. were the dominant species identified (100 and 45%, respectively). No bacteria species with recognized pathogenicity were isolated from the group of healthy animals. Three cases of death within the group of sick foals were investigated. Rhodococcus equi in two cases and Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumoniae together with Escherichia coli were isolated post-mortem from lung abscesses. 相似文献
10.
Conformation final scores in Holsteins were used to assess genetic changes over the years due to various factors such as selection and changes in trait definition. The model included management group, age group, and stage of lactation as fixed effects; additive genetic effects with random regressions on year of classification using Legendre polynomials with order from linear to cubic; and residual effects assuming heterogeneous variances. Two sets of simulated data were used to test the feasibility of variance component estimation in situations where the definition of the trait of interest changes continuously over time. Estimated variances from the simulated data sets were unbiased. Empirical tests involved 30,041 records of cows with single records scored in 1981-1999. Heritability estimates and additive genetic variances from field data decreased while residual variances increased over time. Differences among estimates of variance components from linear, quadratic and cubic random-regression models were small. Genetic correlations among final scores at years of classification estimated with the multiple-trait model that treated different groups of years as separate traits and with linear, quadratic and cubic random-regression models decreased from 1.0 to a minimum of 0.91, as the distance between the years increased. Although there were no significant differences among estimates of variance components from random-regression models, genetic correlations between different years estimated with higher order random-regression models were closer to those with the multiple trait model that treated different group of years as separate traits. Genetic changes in a trait over time can be studied with a random-regression model. 相似文献
11.
Atlantic salmon were selected from a fish farm with no previous record of pancreas disease (PD) or infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) infection. Groups of fish were inoculated with either IPNV (strain Sp) from cell culture, organ material from fish with PD or control material as phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Virological, histological and immunohistochemical examinations were carried out throughout the experiment. None of the fish died or showed clinical symptoms of PD. Histological examination revealed no pathological changes, and immunohistochemical studies were negative. Virus was isolated only sporadically from the group inoculated with organ material, whereas it was isolated consistently from the group inoculated with virus propagated in cell culture, as well as from in-contact control fish after the first week. In a latent carrier test, changes were entirely lacking in the first mentioned group, and were only slight in the last mentioned group. The data suggest that PD is not a transmissible disease, and that IPNV isolated from a PD outbreak does not play any part in the etiology of this disease. 相似文献
12.
Aschfalk A Laude S Denzin N 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2002,115(9-10):351-354
An indirect ELISA was developed as a possible tool to detect the seroprevalence of antibodies to Salmonella spp in semidomesticated reindeer. To cover a broad spectrum of serogroups a lipopolysaccharide mix of S. typhimurium and S. choleraesuis was used as antigen in this pilot study. Sera from 31 culture-negative reindeer with no clinical or historical evidence of salmonellosis were used as negative serum control. After immunisation with an inactivated S. typhimurium vaccine, pooled sera from 6 reindeer were used as positive serum control as no serum from naturally infected animals was available. A seroprevalence of 0.6% in 2000 clinically healthy, slaughter-reindeer from Norway was determined by using this ELISA. No more information on Salmonella in reindeer in Norway is known to the authors. This is the first ELISA established for indirect detection of Salmonella in reindeer. 相似文献
13.
A Bartoskova L Adlerova H Kudlackova L Leva R Vitasek M Faldyna 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(S2):193-195
The concentration of lactoferrin was measured in canine sera from groups of healthy male dogs as well as pregnant and non-pregnant female dogs and was compared with that of bitches with pyometra. Lactoferrin concentrations were higher in bitches with pyometra. The role of elevated lactoferrin concentrations in the suppression of lymphocyte activity was examined in sera from bitches with pyometra in a series of investigations. Although the sera from bitches with pyometra were capable of suppressing lymphocyte activity, lactoferrin was not found to be involved in this action. 相似文献
14.
The IDEIA ELISA was used to detect Chlamydia psittaci (ovis) antigen in ewes' milk to which were added serial dilutions of chlamydiae titrated as inclusion forming units (ifus) in McCoy cell tissue culture. The test was able to detect as few as 35 ifus/ml of the organism. The ELISA was then used to detect chlamydial antigen in fetal membranes and milk from ewes clinically affected with ovine enzootic abortion (OEA). The results were compared with results of isolation of chlamydiae in McCoy cell tissue culture from the same material. The fetal membranes of 17 of 19 ewes were positive for chlamydia when tested with the ELISA but chlamydia could be cultured from only 15 of them. Milk samples from 26 ewes which had aborted between 1 and 34 days previously were tested: chlamydiae could not be cultured from any of them and only one was positive when tested by the ELISA. The results show that the IDEIA ELISA is a sensitive test for the detection of C. psittaci (ovis) antigens. The positive results to this test for the three samples from which chlamydiae could not be cultured suggest that the test is not as specific as culture or that it detected dead organisms. Chlamydiae do not appear to be excreted in the milk of ewes affected with OEA. 相似文献
15.
T Baba 《Research in veterinary science》1984,36(2):225-230
Immune protection by cellular immunity in chickens against Pasteurella multocida was investigated by in vivo and in vitro experiments using spleen cells and culture supernatants of immunised chickens. Intraperitoneal or intravenous transfer of immune splenic cells into normal chickens induced transmission of an as effective protection as that exhibited in immunised chickens. Immune protection was also obtained by intravenous treatment of chickens with culture supernatant fluid from immune splenic cells of hormonally bursectomised chickens. The in vitro experiment showed that intracellular bacterial proliferation was inhibited in peritoneal macrophages from immunised chickens, or from normal chickens sensitised with culture supernatant fluid of immune splenic cells, and the macrophages were protected from disruption by infection. Peritoneal macrophages sensitised with culture supernatant fluid from unimmunised splenic cells, or peritoneal macrophages from unimmunised chickens, allowed considerable intracellular proliferation of bacteria with almost complete breakdown of the macrophages within 24 hours after bacterial challenge. These data suggest that the protective immunity of chickens against P multocida was dependent on cell-mediated immunity by mediators such as the macrophage activating factor from T lymphocytes. 相似文献
16.
Swollen Head Syndrome (SHS) affects both broiler and broiler breeders and has become a problem in many countries. Clinical signs similar to those described in SHS conditions have been observed in northern Germany with the disease observed mostly in chicken broilers between 4 and 5 weeks of age and in broiler breeders between 24 and 36 weeks of age. The mortality rate in broilers has been variable from negligible to 5%. In broiler breeders, the symptoms were accompanied with a drop in egg production reaching 2-3% after 1 to 2 weeks. 422 Serum samples from 21 broiler flocks were examined for the presence of antibodies to TRT-virus using indirect ELISA tests. Antibodies were detected in 2 flocks which suffered from SHS, but not in 2 flocks showing respiratory manifestations nor in 17 apparently healthy flocks. The results obtained from testing 178 serum samples from 10 breeder flocks revealed that antibodies to TRT-virus were present in one flock with SHS signs as well as in 6 apparently healthy flocks. In addition, no antibodies were found in sera collected from 3 flocks--one with SHS and respiratory disease history; one recovered from respiratory infection and one without disease history. Examination of paired serum samples from 3 breeder flocks that suffered from typical SHS-signs collected at the onset of the disease and during the convalescent stage, as well as sera from one broiler and one breeder flocks that showed respiratory manifestations, showed that there are significant increases in the number of positive sera in the flocks with SHS symptoms. The other flocks remained free from TRT antibodies. 相似文献
17.
Proteins from a field strain of Salmonella gallinarum MSG1 were compared with 9R live vaccine strain for their protection against experimental fowl typhoid in chickens. Proteins from S. gallinarum gave better protection than the 9R live vaccine as measured by clearance of challenge organism from internal organs. Proteins given twice with an adjuvant at 200 micrograms/100 g body weight resulted in 95% protection, compared with 60% protection with 9R given orally. The 9R live vaccine produced more hepatic and splenic lesions and, when administered orally as a single dose, was the least protective (60%). In the group vaccinated subcutaneously with a single dose of 9R without an adjuvant, both the challenge strain and the 9R vaccine strain were isolated from the ovaries of some birds. All chickens vaccinated with 9R strain or with proteins developed antibodies detectable by microagglutination test, and in some vaccinated groups as many as 100% of the birds developed antibody levels detected by seroagglutination. 相似文献
18.
2018年伪狂犬病病毒的流行特征及其遗传变异分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了了解当前伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）在我国猪群中的流行现状及其遗传变异情况,本研究利用PCR的方法对2018年1-12月来源于我国28个省、市、自治区的1 328份疑似猪伪狂犬病发病猪的组织样品开展了PRV-gE的检测及病毒的分离鉴定,同时针对所分离的病毒的gB、gC和gE基因进行PCR扩增和DNA测序,并展开遗传变异分析。结果显示,共有92份样品为PRV-gE基因检测阳性,阳性检出率为6.93%。从92份PRV-gE阳性样品分离到13株PRV。分别基于gB基因部分片段、gC和gE基因进行遗传变异分析发现13株PRV与我国2012年以后流行的毒株（如HeN1等变异株）亲缘关系较近,而与2012年以前所分离的毒株（如Ea等经典毒株）的亲缘关系较远;此外,绝大多数中国分离株与国外分离毒株（如NIA-3、Bartha、Kaplan等）在遗传进化树中位于不同的进化分支;相对于国外分离株及国内早期流行的经典毒株而言,13株PRV分离株的gB、gC和gE蛋白中均存在许多特征性的氨基酸位点变异。本研究对于了解我国PRV流行现状及当前流行的PRV毒株的生物学特征具有十分重要的意义。 相似文献
19.
Pinchbeck LR Cole LK Hillier A Kowalski JJ Rajala-Schultz PJ Bannerman TL York S 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(8):1337-1346
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether staphylococcal isolates cultured from pustules and carriage sites in dogs with superficial bacterial folliculitis were genotypically the same strain by use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). ANIMALS: 40 dogs with superficial bacterial folliculitis. PROCEDURES: Samples were obtained from 3 pustules and 3 carriage sites (anus, axillary skin, and nasal mucosa). Bacterial culture, morphologic identification, Gram staining, catalase and coagulase tests, speciation, and PFGE were performed. RESULTS: Of 246 isolates, 203 were Staphylococcus intermedius, 5 were Staphylococcus aureus, 15 were Staphylococcusspp, and 22 were coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates. No dog had an isolate with the same PFGE pattern as an isolate from another dog. Coagulase-positive isolates from multiple pustules and multiple carriage sites had the same PFGE pattern in 37 of 39 (94.9%) and 22 of 39 (56.4%) dogs, respectively. Coagulase-positive staphylococcal isolates from at least 1 pustule had the same PFGE pattern as an isolate from at least 1 carriage site in 34 of 36 (94.4%) dogs. Ninety-seven of 116 (83.6%) coagulase-positive staphylococcal isolates from pustules had the same PFGE pattern as an isolate from at least 1 carriage site. Sixty-nine of 91 (75.8%) coagulase-positive staphylococcal isolates from carriage sites had the same PFGE pattern as an isolate from at least 1 pustule. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Coagulasepositive staphylococcal strains were heterogeneous among dogs with superficial bacterial folliculitis. In individual dogs, strains from multiple pustules were genotypically the same, and strains from pustules were genotypically the same as strains from carriage sites. 相似文献
20.
Lysates of turkey-grown Pasteurella multocida: effects of solubilizing agents on the immunologic properties of membrane vesicles 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Membrane vesicles from lysed suspensions of turkey-grown Pasteurella multocida were treated with various solubilizing agents to release protein that may contain cross-protection factor. Potassium thiocyanate, NaOH-glycine, lithium diiodosalicylate, guanidine hydrochloride, n-butanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, Triton X-100, and sodium lauryl sarcosinate were each tested as solubilizing agents. Vaccines made from combining solubilized membrane vesicles with complete lysate supernatant fluid produced various degrees of protection against challenge exposure with a heterologous serotype of P multocida in turkeys. Only vaccines prepared from membranes that were solubilized with potassium thiocyanate and sodium lauryl sarcosinate protected as well as complete lysate from turkey-grown P multocida. The amount of protein in each vaccine did not relate to protection. Distinct chemical differences were observed between lysates prepared from turkey-grown P multocida and lysates prepared from 41 C broth-grown P multocida. The external morphology of P multocida, after treatment with lysozyme and EDTA, was similar whether grown in broth or in turkeys. 相似文献