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高原条件下藏鸡人工孵化的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对高原地区藏鸡种蛋进行了4组人工孵化试验，测定不同的孵化温度和相对湿度对胚胎发育、受精蛋孵化率及健雏率的影响。试验结果表明：林芝地区藏鸡种蛋在不同的人工孵化温度、湿度条件下，受精蛋孵化率和健雏率均存在着一定的差异。通过对比筛选出孵化的最佳条件：孵化温度在1～6d为37．68C，7～14d为37．65C，15～20d为37．56C，21d为37．48C；相对湿度1～6d为54％～56％，7～14d为61％～63％，15～20d为64％～65％，21d为63．8％。其受精蛋孵化率可达88．9％，健雏率达97．0％。 相似文献
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2016年2月19日上海动物园收容救助一批鹦鹉卵,对其进行人工孵化与育雏研究。鹦鹉卵27枚,其中受精卵25枚。在孵化温度36.9℃、湿度65%～70%和翻蛋1次/2 h的条件下,出雏23羽,出雏率达到了92%。通过对鹦鹉雏鸟进行温湿度管理、食物选择、饲喂方式和断奶期管理,育成鹦鹉22羽,育成率达到了95.65%。经鉴定,此次收容救助鹦鹉包括折衷鹦鹉、灰鹦鹉、黄冠亚马逊鹦鹉、蓝黄金刚鹦鹉、绯红金刚鹦鹉、戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉、葵花凤头鹦鹉和小葵花凤头鹦鹉共8种。 相似文献
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人工孵化为养禽业的快速发展和规模化养殖提供了保证,同时孵化厂孵出雏鸡的健雏率直接影响孵化厂自身和养殖户的经济效益;因此,健雏率是每个孵化厂必须重视的一个指标。影响健雏率的因素很多,如种鸡的饲养管理、孵化技术等。笔者根据经验总结出提高雏鸡健雏率实用性较强的关键技术措施, 相似文献
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ABSTRACT1. The physical factors that involve artificial incubation determine embryonic growth and hatching of broiler chicks, and have important implications for the poultry production chain and chick welfare. This study explored the effects of sound exposure on incubation responses (hatching, embryonic development and chick quality).2. A 2 × 2 factorial experiment with the factors ‘sound pressure level’ (at 70 and 90 dB) and ‘species-specific vocalisations’ (at 75dB - 85dB) was performed in four experimental incubators (loaded with 90 eggs each) for eight consecutive cycles of incubation, totalling 2880 Cobb-500® broiler breeder eggs.3. Embryonic growth was not influenced by any experimental factor, but the highest sound pressure level (90 dB) led to earlier hatching, higher hatchability, better chick quality and lower weight at hatching. Additional effects of species-specific vocalisations were found at 70 dB noise, which caused early hatching and better chick quality.4. It was concluded that the loud noise found in commercial hatcheries (at 90 dB) can be beneficial. Furthermore, the presence of species-specific vocalisations could improve the hatching time and chick quality from experimental incubators (at 70 dB). However, this would not provide additional benefits in commercial hatcheries, due to the machinery noise masking them. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究不同水平蛋重与蛋形指数对籽鹅种蛋孵化效果的影响,进而总结出种蛋筛选的最佳方案,为籽鹅个体、家系种蛋的选留及籽鹅的繁衍、孵化、生产提供科学参考。选取二年籽鹅种蛋2 469枚,蛋重为94.8~154.4 g,平均蛋重（123.3±9.5）g;蛋形指数为1.24~1.63,平均蛋形指数1.45±0.05。采用2因素4水平试验设计,将所有种蛋按蛋重与蛋形指数分成16个孵化组（蛋重与蛋形指数分别分为4个水平）,测量每枚种蛋蛋重与蛋形指数,并在蛋壳上做好编号,在相同孵化条件、同一孵化设备中进行两次孵化试验。结果表明,①蛋重<118.0 g组种蛋受精率最高,>131.9 g组次之;>131.9 g组种蛋受精蛋孵化率最高,125.0~131.9 g组次之,且受精蛋孵化率随着蛋重增大升高;125.0~131.9 g组种蛋孵化健雏率最高,>131.9 g组次之;>131.9 g组种蛋孵出鹅雏出生重最大。②蛋形指数在1.47~1.51组种蛋受精率及种蛋孵化健雏率最高,>1.51组次之;1.47~1.51组种蛋受精蛋孵化率最高,1.42~1.46组次之。分析以上结果可得出：籽鹅种蛋蛋重对种蛋受精率、受精蛋孵化率、健雏率、鹅雏出生重有显著影响（P<0.05）,以籽鹅蛋重在125.0~154.4 g为宜;蛋形指数对种蛋受精率、受精蛋孵化率、健雏率亦有显著影响（P<0.05）,对种蛋孵出鹅雏出生重无影响（P>0.05）,以蛋形指数在1.47~1.51为宜。籽鹅种蛋蛋重与蛋形指数对受精率、受精蛋孵化率、健雏率、鹅雏出生重的影响均存在交互作用。其中,蛋形指数对种蛋孵化健雏率的影响较蛋重强,其作为单一因素对鹅雏出生重无影响。以上结果表明,以蛋重或蛋形指数任一因素作为种蛋筛选的依据都不科学,应综合考虑以达到种蛋优选的目的。 相似文献
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2015—2018年,在湖南省雉类繁殖基地对人工饲养的白冠长尾雉404枚卵进行了人工孵化和育雏研究。结果表明:白冠长尾雉每只雌雉平均产卵数为15.53枚,平均卵重29.48 g,卵受精率均值83.41%,人工孵化的孵化率均值82.49%,1龄幼雏的成活率均值83.47%。人工孵化温度为(37.8±0.1)℃,孵化湿度为50%—60%,孵化时间为24—25 d,白冠长尾雉在人工孵化过程中平均失重率为13.1%。白冠长尾雉幼雉破壳体重18.48—23.61 g,1—2日龄体重会有轻度下降(17.8—22.29 g),15日龄后进入快速生长发育期,30日龄达到117.3 g(106.27—175.11 g),45日龄前,育雏室采用电地暖进行控温,通风系统用于通风换气,育雏室温度随着日龄增加而逐步下降,直至降到常温。采用人工孵化与育雏技术有利于提高白冠长尾雉的繁育率和成活率,对于白冠长尾雉种群的快速复壮有重要意义。 相似文献
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This paper was aimed to study the impact of hatching egg weights and egg shape indexs on hatching of Zi goose,and then sum up the best scheme for hatching eggs screening,so as to provide scientific reference for the selection and retention of Zi goose individuals and family hatching eggs,as well as the breeding and incubation production.2469 hatching eggs of Zi geese of the second year were chosen with the weight range of 94.8 to 154.4 g and an average weight of (123.3±9.5) g;the egg shape index range was 1.24~1.63 and the average index was 1.45±0.05.Using 2 factors 4 levels test design,the weight and the shape index of eggs were divided into four levels and all the eggs were separated into 16 hatching groups.The weight and the shape index were measured and labeled on eggshells.Two hatching experiments were conducted in the same instrument and the hatching conditions were same.The results showed that:① Egg fertility rate was the highest in egg weight <118.0 g group,followed by >131.9 g group;Hatchability of fertilized eggs was the highest in >131.9 g group,followed by 125.0~131.9 g group,and the hatchability of fertilized eggs increased along with the increase of egg weight;The highest healthy chick rate of breeding egg hatching lay in 125.0~131.9 g group,followed by >131.9 g group;The highest breeding egg hatching gosling birth weight lay in >131.9 group.② When egg shape index was between 1.47 to 1.51,the egg fertility rate and healthy chick rate were the highest,followed by >1.51 group;In the group 1.47 to 1.51,hatchability of fertilized eggs was the highest,followed by 1.42 to 1.46 group.In conclusion,hatching egg weight of Zi goose had significant impact on egg fertility rate,hatchability of fertilized eggs,healthy chick rate and gosling birth weight (P<0.05),and the egg weight of Zi goose between 125.0~154.4 g was advisable;on the other hand,egg shape index also had significant impact on egg fertility rate,hatchability of fertilized eggs and healthy chick rate (P<0.05),but had no impact on gosling birth weight (P>0.05),and the egg shape index between 1.47 to 1.51 was appropriate.Egg fertility rate,hatchability of fertilized eggs,healthy chick rate and gosling birth weight were affected by interaction of egg weight and shape index.Compared with the weight of eggs,the egg shape index had greater influence on healthy geese rate.The egg shape index had no direct impact on birth weight of young geese,but it could be influenced by the interaction between the egg shape index and the weight.Thus it was not very scientific to take either the weight or the index as the only basis for choosing qualified hatching eggs. 相似文献
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大美洲鸵,现已被列入IUCN世界濒危动物红色名录（NT）。近年来,众多动物园饲养管理人员对大美洲鸵的饲养管理进行了深入的研究,但有关大美洲鸵人工孵化技术的研究尚属于空白阶段。本研究基于1998年至今的孵化经验和实践操作,着重从大美洲鸵卵的处理、孵化前准备及孵化技术3个方面内容进行探讨。研究显示：1）种卵的新鲜度、形状、大小、重量、卵壳厚度、消毒过程等因素对孵化成功率有直接影响：2）待孵的大美洲鸵的种卵,贮存温度控制在15～20℃间,相对湿度约70％～75％,入孵时必须对种卵进行6h左右的预热处理;3）大美洲鸵的孵化温度宜控制在36．3—36．8℃,可随冬夏环境温度做±0．2℃的调整,孵化湿度宜控制在48％～60％左右;4）通风凉卵应以箱体内温度为准,而非时间长短,一般当箱体内温度降至25～28℃时,可关闭箱门,继续孵化;5）翻卵可通过机器自动控制,每2h1次,全天设定为12次;6）通过照卵查看胚胎的发育状况,以便及时调整孵化方案。一般入孵前照卵1次,孵化中期每周照卵1次,落盘后每天照卵1次;7）“人工助产”可进一步提高出雏率,但要注意“火候”。 相似文献
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中国大鲵子二代规模化人工孵化技术的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
系统研究了影响大鲵子二代孵化率的环境因子(包括水质、水温、孵化密度)、硬件设施和软件管理技术。从理论上阐明孵化水质的离子比例平衡直接影响孵化率和苗种成活率,试验结果表明,广州华宝珍稀水产养殖有限公司养殖场调节水和水库水适合孵化,孵化率分别为53.3%和46.7%;过高、过低孵化水温都可导致大鲵胚胎发育停止,适宜孵化水温为16~22℃,最适水温为(20±1)℃;孵化密度以每筛(25 cm×35 cm×6 cm)放150颗受精卵为宜(孵化率为48%)。在本试验设定的条件下,大鲵孵化率逐年提高,由1998年的平均3%,提高到2003年的平均18%。 相似文献
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1. Hatching time, hatchability of fertile eggs and embryo mortality under standard egg storage (1 or 5 days at 12?±?1°C and 55% relative humidity) and incubation conditions (37·5?±?0·2°C and 50% relative humidity) were analysed in lines long-term selected for high (HG) and low (LG) relative weight gain between 11 and 28?d of age, respectively, and constant body weight at 49?d of age. 2. Egg storage duration did not have an effect on average hatching time. LG quail, characterised by a fast postnatal growth rate immediately after hatching, hatched earlier than HG quail with a low early growth rate (about 391 vs. 406?h after egg setting, respectively). 3. In contrast to hatching time, the hatchability of fertile eggs was influenced by line as well as egg storage duration. Extended storage decreased hatching success in both lines. However, LG eggs exhibited a higher hatchability than HG eggs (1?d storage: 96·0 vs. 82·5%; 5?d storage: 88·7 vs. 72·7%, respectively). 4. Lower hatchability resulted mostly from a higher frequency of embryo death during early (up to d 7) and late (d 14 and later) phases of incubation. 5. An inadequate nutrient supply to embryos in consequence of developmental delay seems to be a key factor decreasing viability of embryos during incubation. 相似文献
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Özlem Varol Avcılar Esin Ebru Onbaşılar Afşin Kocakaya 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(5):946-951
The aim of this research was to determine the effects of coating broiler hatching eggs with chitosan on egg quality, embryonic growth, hatching results and chick quality. Eggs obtained from old broiler breeder, aged 59 weeks, were used. Eggs were divided into two groups (coated with chitosan and uncoated) groups. Each group was divided into three groups according to the storage period. Eggs were stored for periods of 1, 4 and 7 days at 15°C and 80% humidity. Then, they were incubated. Storage period of eggs up to 7 days did not affect the egg quality, egg weight loss, embryo growth, chick properties and hatchability of fertile eggs. However, embryo development, relative residual yolk sac weight and relative chick weight were affected by coating eggs with chitosan. Interaction was not found between storage lengths and coating of eggs with chitosan for all examined parameters. The results of the present study suggested that hatching eggs obtained from old broiler breeder flocks were immersed into chitosan solution once and quickly have negative effect on the embryo weight, yolk sac absorption and relative chick weight. It has been observed that covering the hatching eggs with chitosan is not suitable in this respect even if immersion takes place once and in a short time. 相似文献