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1.
F. Dreyer    K. Graichen  C. Jung   《Plant Breeding》2001,120(6):457-462
Turnip yellows virus (TuYV) is responsible for a recognizable loss of yield in European winter oilseed rape cultivation. To map genes involved in TuYV resistance, a double haploid population was established by crossing a resynthesized rapeseed line (R54) as donor for TuYV resistance with an elite rapeseed line (‘Express’). Resistance was determined with 10 plants per line by double antibody sandwich‐enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. After screening 17 primer combinations (Pstl/Msel and EcoRI/Msel), 143 amplified fragment length polymorphism markers were mapped to 20 linkage groups representing 15 chromosomes of the rapeseed genome. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped using the composite interval mapping approach. As a result, one major quantitative trait locus was found on linkage group MS17, explaining up to 50% of the phenotypic variation. Because no other factors displaying a significant effect on the expression of resistance could be identified, a simple mode of inheritance for TuYV resistance is suggested, thus enabling marker‐assisted selection during rapeseed breeding.  相似文献   

2.
Generation of novel genetic diversity for maximization of heterosis in hybrid production is a significant goal in winter oilseed rape breeding. Here, we demonstrate that doubled haploid (DH) production using microspore cultivation can simultaneously introgress favourable alleles for double‐low seed quality (low erucic acid and low‐glucosinolate content) into a genetically diverse Brassica napus genetic background. The DH lines were derived from a cross between a double‐low quality winter rapeseed variety and a genetically diverse semisynthetic B. napus line with high erucic acid and high glucosinolates (++ quality). Twenty‐three low‐glucosinolate lines were identified with a genome component of 50–67% derived from the ++ parent. Four of these lines, with a genome component of 50–55% derived from the ++ parent, also contained low erucic acid. Heterosis for seed yield was confirmed in test‐crosses using these genetically diverse lines as pollinator. The results demonstrate the potential of marker‐assisted identification of novel genetic pools for breeding of double‐low quality winter oilseed rape hybrids.  相似文献   

3.
为探讨小麦种子根结构及胚芽鞘长度的遗传基础,以小麦DH群体(旱选10号×鲁麦14)的150个株系为材料,利用凝胶室培养幼苗,测定种子根的数目和最大根长、胚芽鞘长度、根苗干重比等性状,并通过扫描仪测定幼苗种子根的总长度、根直径及角度。利用已经构建的DH群体遗传连锁图谱,采用基于混合线性模型的复合区间作图法分析上述性状的QTL。在1A、1B、2B、2D、3B、4A、4D、5A、5B、6A、7A和7B共12条染色体上检测到12个加性效应QTL和7对加性×加性互作效应QTL。QTL的加性效应值在0.02~8.45之间,对表型变异的贡献率为5.64%~12.37%。7对加性×加性互作效应QTL分布在1A–2B(2)、1A–6A、1B–2D、5B–6A、6A–7A和6A–7B等6对染色体之间,其互作效应值为0.20~7.45,对表型变异的贡献率为8.70%~15.90%。在染色体3B和7A上各检测到1个种子根结构相关性状的QTL簇。  相似文献   

4.
Soil waterlogging and drought are major environmental stresses that suppress rapeseed (Brassica napus) growth and yield. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with waterlogging tolerance and drought resistance at the rapeseed seedling stage, we generated a doubled haploid (DH) population consisting of 150 DH lines from a cross between two B. napus lines, namely, line No2127-17 × 275B F4 (waterlogging-tolerant and drought-resistant) and line Huyou15 × 5900 F4 (waterlogging-sensitive and drought-sensitive). A genetic linkage map was constructed using 183 simple sequence repeat and 157 amplified fragment length polymorphism markers for the DH population. Phenotypic data were collected under waterlogging, drought and control conditions, respectively, in two experiments. Five traits (plant height, root length, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and total dry weight) were investigated. QTL associated with the five traits, waterlogging tolerance coefficient (WTC) and drought resistance coefficient (DRC) of all the traits were identified via composite interval mapping, respectively. A total of 28 QTL were resolved for the five traits under control conditions, 26 QTL for the traits under waterlogging stresses and 31 QTL for the traits under drought conditions. Eleven QTL were detected by the WTC, and 19 QTL related to DRC were identified. The results suggest that the genetic bases of both waterlogging tolerance and drought resistance are complex. Some of the QTL for waterlogging tolerance-related traits overlapped with QTL for drought resistance-related traits, indicating that the genetic bases of waterlogging tolerance and drought resistance in the DH population were related in some degree.  相似文献   

5.
Grain yield and its component trait thousand kernel weight are important traits in triticale breeding programmes. Here, we used a large mapping population of 647 doubled haploid lines derived from four families to dissect the genetic architecture underlying grain yield and thousand kernel weight by multiple‐line cross QTL mapping. We identified 3 QTL for grain yield and 13 for thousand kernel weight which cross‐validated explained 5.2% and 48.2% of the genotypic variance, respectively. Both traits showed a positive phenotypic correlation, and we found two QTL overlapping between them. Full two‐dimensional epistasis scans revealed epistatic QTL for both traits, suggesting that epistatic interactions contribute to their genetic architecture. Based on QTL identified in our results, we conclude that the potential for marker‐assisted selection is limited for grain yield but more promising for thousand kernel weight.  相似文献   

6.
Good germination and seedling vigour are major breeding targets in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus), because seedling vigour and prewinter crop establishment are closely associated with postwinter growth and yield. Here, we identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to germination, seedling vigour and seedling‐regulated hormones in a doubled haploid (DH) mapping population from a cross between winter oilseed rape parents with high vigour (Express 617) and low vigour (1012‐98). By phenotyping in a climate‐controlled glasshouse, we identified a total of 13 QTL on nine chromosomes for germination and seedling‐related traits at 7 and 14 days after sowing (DAS), explaining up to 11.2% of the phenotypic variation for seedling vigour. Forty‐seven metabolic QTL on 15 chromosomes were identified for auxin, abscisic acid (ABA) and dihydrophaseic acid (DPA) at 5 and 12 DAS, explaining up to 49.4% of phenotypic variation in seedling hormone composition. Multitrait QTL hot spots contribute to our understanding of the genetics and metabolomics of germination and seeding vigour in B. napus, and represent potential targets to breed high‐vigour cultivars.  相似文献   

7.
A major quantitative trait locus (QTL) influencing seed fibre and colour in Brassica napus was dissected by marker saturation in a doubled haploid (DH) population from the black‐seeded oilseed rape line ‘Express 617’ crossed with a yellow‐seeded B. napus line, ‘1012–98’. The marker at the peak of a sub‐QTL with a strong effect on both seed colour and acid detergent lignin content lay only 4 kb away from a Brassica (H+)‐ATPase gene orthologous to the transparent testa gene AHA10. Near the peak of a second sub‐QTL, we mapped a copy of the key phenylpropanoid biosynthesis gene cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, while another key phenylpropanoid biosynthesis gene, cinnamoyl co‐a reductase 1, was found nearby. In a cross between ‘Express 617’ and another dark‐seeded parent, ‘V8’, Bna.CCR1 was localized in silico near the peak of a corresponding seed fibre QTL, whereas in this case Bna.CAD2/CAD3 lay nearby. Re‐sequencing of the two phenylpropanoid genes via next‐generation amplicon sequencing revealed intragenic rearrangements and functionally relevant allelic variation in the three parents.  相似文献   

8.
甘蓝型油菜DH群体苗期抗旱性的评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
李真  梅淑芳  梅忠  刘芳  周广生  吴江生 《作物学报》2012,38(11):2108-2114
中国油菜主产区常常受到秋冬旱和春旱危害而影响产量及品质。本文通过盆栽试验,以株高(PH)、根长(RL)、地上部干重(SDW)、根干重(RDW)、根冠比(R/S)、总干重(TDW) 6个性状的抗旱系数作为抗旱性评价指标,对甘蓝型油菜DH(doubled haploid)群体的118个株系及其亲本进行苗期抗旱性评价,筛选极端抗旱DH系。结果表明,与对照相比,干旱严重抑制了甘蓝型油菜苗期的生长,6个评价指标均表现出显著差异,其中根干重的变异系数最大;在对照和干旱条件下,群体各株系各性状均表现出超亲连续分离,大部分呈正态分布,抗旱条件下的分离更为明显;相关性分析表明,地上部干重、根干重和总干重抗旱系数可作为甘蓝型油菜苗期抗旱性的主要评价指标;  相似文献   

9.
Four forage maize stover quality traits were analysed including in vitro digestibility of organic matter (IVDOM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), water‐soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and digestibility of NDF (DNDF). We mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) in three DH (doubled haploid) populations (totally 250–720 DH lines): one RIL population (358 lines) and two testcross (TC) populations, based on field phenotyping at multiple locations and years for each. High phenotypic and genotypic correlations were found for all traits and significant (p < .01) at two locations, and NDF was negatively correlated with the other traits. QTL analyses were conducted by composite interval mapping. A total of 33, 23, 32 and 25 QTL were identified for IVDOM, NDF, WSC and DNDF, respectively, with three, four, five and two major QTL for each. Few consistent QTL for IVDOM, WSC and DNDF were detected in more than two populations. This study contributed to the identification of key QTL associated with forage maize digestibility traits and is beneficial for marker‐assisted breeding and fine mapping of candidate genes associated with forage maize quality.  相似文献   

10.
Molecular and physical mapping of genes affecting awning in wheat   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
P. Sourdille    T. Cadalen    G. Gay    B. Gill  M. Bernard 《Plant Breeding》2002,121(4):320-324
Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for three traits related to awning (awn length at the base, the middle and the top of the ear) in wheat were mapped in a doubled‐haploid line (DH) population derived from the cross between the cultivars ‘Courtot’ (awned) and ‘Chinese Spring’ (awnless) and grown in Clermont‐Ferrand, France, under natural field conditions. A molecular marker linkage map of this cross that was previously constructed based on 187 DH lines and 550 markers was used for the QTL mapping. The genome was well covered (more than 95%) and a set of anchor loci regularly spaced (one marker every 20.8 cM) was chosen for marker regression analysis. For each trait, only two consistent QTL were identified with individual effects ranging from 8.5 to 45.9% of the total phenotypic variation. These two QTL cosegregated with the genes Hd on chromosome 4A and B2 on chromosome 6B, which are known to inhibit awning. The results were confirmed using ‘Chinese Spring’ deletion lines of these two chromosomes, which have awned spikes, while ‘Chinese Spring’ is usually awnless. No quantitative trait locus was detected on chromosome 5A where the B1 awn‐inhibitor gene is located, suggesting that both ‘Courtot’ and ‘Chinese Spring’ have the same allelic constitution at this locus. The occurrence of awned speltoid spikes on the deletion lines of this chromosome suggests that ‘Chinese Spring’ and ‘Courtot’ have the dominant B1 allele, indicating that B1 alone has insufficient effect to induce complete awn inhibition.  相似文献   

11.
盐胁迫和干旱胁迫是非生物胁迫中影响作物产量的重要因素,检测与耐盐和耐旱相关的QTL,可为抗逆油菜品种的选育提供理论依据。本研究利用德国冬性甘蓝型油菜Express和中国半冬性甘蓝型油菜SWU07为亲本构建的包含261个株系的双单倍体(doubled haploid,DH)群体,分别以1.2%NaCl溶液和20%PEG-6000溶液作为培养液模拟盐胁迫和干旱胁迫,去离子水为对照,对2个亲本和DH群体进行发芽试验。播种后7 d测定幼苗根长、鲜重及发芽率,计算各性状在盐胁迫和干旱胁迫下的相对值,并作为评价耐盐和耐旱的指标。根据已构建的遗传连锁图谱进行QTL定位。盐胁迫下,在3次重复中共检测到与盐胁迫相关的QTL 12个,分布在A02、A03、A05、A09、C01和C09染色体上,单个QTL可解释的表型变异为3.61%~10.59%,其中5个QTL在不同的重复中被检测到。干旱胁迫下,共检测到与干旱胁迫相关的QTL 9个,分布在A01、A02、A03、A05、A09、A10和C03染色体上,单个QTL可解释的表型变异为3.94%~12.90%,其中2个QTL在不同的重复中被检测到。此外,在A02和A03染色体上检测到与2种胁迫都相关的相互交叠的QTL。这些结果可为油菜耐盐和耐旱性改良提供更多遗传信息。  相似文献   

12.
Doubled haploid (DH) plants were produced using anther culture from out‐crossing rye, including breeders’ lines, cultivars and F1 plants with DH parents, to examine the feasibility of using the DH technique for breeding and specifically for developing mapping populations. Only 10–36% of green regenerants produced via anther culture were suitable for research or breeding purposes because of low survival rate or low fertility. Spontaneously arising DH regenerants were more often fertile compared with the colchicine‐treated ones. The fertility of spontaneous DHs varied from sterile to half that found in a normal rye population, which has implications for the design of a crossing scheme and subsequent anther culture. In the reciprocal crosses within one DH population, fertility was the lowest observed, probably because of self‐incompatibility factors, whereas in the DH crosses with normal heterozygous cultivars fertility was the highest. Two mapping populations using DHs were established, the first for out‐crossing rye it would seem. These populations will be used for mapping two important traits, the semi‐dwarf growth habit and preharvest sprouting resistance in rye.  相似文献   

13.
Lodging tolerance is an important agronomic trait as it can have a severe negative impact on grain yield and quality. Here, we used a large mapping population of 647 doubled haploid triticale lines derived from four families to dissect the genetic architecture underlying lodging tolerance and to assess different approaches for a genomics‐based improvement of the trait. The plants were evaluated for lodging in two environments and genotyped with 1710 genomewide DArT markers. We observed a large genotypic variation for lodging and transgressive segregation in all families. Employing two complementary QTL mapping approaches, we identified both main effect and epistatic QTL. Using cross‐validation, we showed that the proportion of genotypic variance explained by the detected QTL is low, thus limiting the efficiency of marker‐assisted selection to improve this trait. By contrast, the cross‐validated predictive ability of genomic prediction was approximately twice as high as that of the QTL‐based selection approaches. In conclusion, our results show that lodging tolerance is a complex trait that can be improved by classical breeding but also assisted by marker‐based approaches.  相似文献   

14.
Increasing seed oil content is one of the most important breeding targets for rapeseed (Brassica napus). In this study, we combined quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and marker-trait association analysis to dissect the genetic basis of seed oil content in rapeseed. A doubled haploid (DH) population with 261 lines was grown in two highly contrasting macro-environments, Germany with winter ecotype environment and China with semi-winter ecotype environment, to explore the effect of environment effect of on seed oil content. Notable macro-environment effect was found for seed oil content. 19 QTL for seed oil content were identified across the two macro-environments. For association analysis, a total of 142 rapeseed breeding lines with diverse oil contents were grow in China macro-environment. We identified 23 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers that were significantly associated with the seed oil content. Comparative analysis revealed that five QTL identified in the DH population, located on chromosomes A03, A09, A10 and C09, were co-localized with 11 significantly associated SSR markers that were identified from the association mapping population. Of which, the QTL on chromosome A10 was found to be homeologous with the QTL on chromosome C09 by aligning QTL confidence intervals with the reference genomes B. napus. Those QTL associated with specific macro-environments provides valuable insight into the genetic regulation of seed oil content and will facilitate marker-assisted breeding of B. napus.  相似文献   

15.
B. Kjær  J. Jensen 《Euphytica》1996,90(1):39-48
Summary The positions of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for yield and yield components were estimated using a 85-point linkage map and phenotype data from a F1-derived doubled haploid (DH) population of barley. Yield and its components were recorded in two growing seasons. Highly significant QTL effects were found for all traits at several sites in the genome. A major portion of the QTL was found on chromosome 2. The effect of the alleles in locus v on thousand grain weight and kernels per ear explained 70–80% of the genetic variation in the traits. QTL × year interaction was found for grain yield. Several different QTL were found within the two-rowed DH lines compared to those found in the six-rowed DH lines. Epistasis between locus v and several loci for yield and yield components indicates that genes are expressed differently in the two ear types. This may explain the difficulties of selecting high yielding lines from crosses between two-rowed and six-rowed barley.Abbreviations DH doubled haploid - QTL quantitative trait locus/loci - RAPD random amplified polymorphic DNA - RFLP restriction fragment length polymorphism - T. Prentice Tystofte Prentice - V. Gold Vogelsanger Gold  相似文献   

16.
贺亚军  吴道明  傅鹰  钱伟 《作物学报》2018,44(4):533-541
株高是油菜重要的农艺性状之一。以油菜品种Express、SWU07构建的包含261个株系的DH群体和由其构建的包含234个株系的IF2群体为材料, 分析2年环境下株高及其相关性状QTL表明, 在2个群体的各年份环境中总共检测到41个株高及其相关性状QTL, 分布于甘蓝型油菜的13条染色体上, 其中9个与株高相关的QTL, 分布于A02、A09、C01、C02和C06连锁群, 分别揭示了3.85%~13.34%的表型变异, 15个与主花序长度相关的QTL, 分布于A01、A02、A05、A08、A09、C01、C03和C05连锁群, 分别揭示了3.82%~9.52%的表型变异; 11个与第1分枝高度相关的QTL, 分布于A01、A03、A09、C01和C03连锁群, 分别揭示了4.01%~16.54%的表型变异; 4个与分枝区段长相关的QTL, 分布于甘蓝型油菜的A07、A09、C03和C04连锁群, 揭示了4.79%~8.10%的表型变异; 2个与平均节间长相关的QTL, 分布于A07和C05连锁群, 分别揭示了4.29%~6.04%的表型变异。其中5个QTL在不同年份环境或不同群体中被重复检测到。这些QTL为油菜株高的遗传改良提供了有用的信息。  相似文献   

17.
The Russian wheat aphid (RWA) is one of the most aggressive pests of barley and wheat. The outbreak of RWA occurred in Argentina in 2008 caused serious damage to barley cultivars. The most effective and sustainable method of RWA control is to identify new resistance genes. The purpose of the current research was to map RWA resistance genes in a set of double haploid (DH) lines of the Oregon-Wolfe Barley (OWB) mapping population derived from the cross between OWBDOM and OWBREC. The DH and both parental lines were screened for antixenosis, tolerance and antibiosis to RWA. There was significant variation among the DH lines in most of the traits studied. However, only tolerance resulted in significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with the molecular markers. Two main QTLs were identified. These explained 90 and 79 % of the variability of foliar area and chlorophyll content, respectively, of infested and control plants. The initial and final foliar area and the variation in foliar area were associated with the same molecular markers on chromosome 2H (BmAc0125, Vrs1, BmAc0144f and BmAg0113e). The positive alleles were provided by OWBDOM. The content of chlorophyll was associated with the marker loci WMC1E8, MWG912, ABC261, MWG2028 and Blp on chromosome 1H, with the positive alleles provided by OWBREC. Both parents contributed to different tolerance traits, with foliar area and chlorophyll content remaining as the plant traits most affected by aphid feeding. The QTLs found in this population are new RWA resistance loci. A sequence homology search was performed to derive the putative function of the genes linked to the QTLs.  相似文献   

18.
B. Yu    P. Liu    D. Hong    Q. He    G. Yang 《Plant Breeding》2010,129(1):39-44
Sclerotinia stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is one of the most severe diseases of rapeseed in China and other major growing regions. The objective of this study was to improve the S. sclerotiorum resistance of 'Hui5200', an elite 'Polima' CMS restorer line, by introgression and fixation of resistance alleles from the partially resistant cultivar 'NingRS-1' via phenotypic selection (PS), marker-assisted background selection (MAB) and microspore culture. A progeny designated as 'RSH' with greatly improved Sclerotinia resistance and a similar genetic background as 'Hui5200' was obtained by two backcrosses and one selfing. From a selected elite progeny line (named as 7-5) double haploid (DH) lines were developed. By three cycles of PS considering economic traits and genetic distance analysis, four resistant DH restorer lines with elite economic traits were finally selected. The obtained resistant restorer lines have been used to produce commercial F1 hybrids. The results indicated that backcrossing plus PS and MAB is effective and suitable for improving resistance of rapeseed to S. sclerotiorum .  相似文献   

19.
Leaf architecture traits in maize are quantitative and have been studied by quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping. However, additional QTLs for these traits require mapping and the interactions between mapped QTLs require studying because of the complicated genetic nature of these traits. To detect common QTLs and to find new ones, we investigated the maize traits of leaf angle, leaf flagging‐point length, leaf length and leaf orientation value using a set of recombinant inbred line populations and single nucleotide polymorphism markers. In total, 19 QTLs contributed 4.13–13.52% of the phenotypic effects to the corresponding traits that were mapped, and their candidate genes are provided. Common and major QTLs have also been detected. All of the QTLs showed significant additive effects and non‐significant additive × environment effects in combined environments. The majority showed additive × additive epistasis effects and non‐significant QTL × environment effects under single environments. Common and major QTLs provided information for fine mapping and gene cloning, and SNP markers can be used for marker‐assisted selection breeding.  相似文献   

20.
Whitebacked planthopper (WBPH) is an important insect pest of rice. In this study, we report quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance to WBPH using a doubled‐haploid (DH) mapping population derived from the cross IR64/Azucena. We evaluated a set of 91 DH lines using various screening tests which measure seedling resistance, antibiosis and tolerance to WBPH. QTL analysis involving a RFLP map of 175 markers detected a significant QTL on chromosome 7 (RG511‐RG477) associated with seedling resistance to WBPH. In addition, QTL analysis involving available defence related candidate genes as markers on a sub set of 60 DH lines showed significant association of genomic regions on chromosome 1 (W1‐pMRF1), 2 (XLRfrI7‐RG157) and 7 (RG711‐CDO418) with resistance to WBPH. Several suggestive QTL were detected on chromosomes 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 and 11 showing the possibility of their association with resistance to WBPH. The phenotypic contribution of the QTL ranged from 8.4% to 32.1%. Some of the WBPH resistance QTL detected in this study showed similar map positions with the QTL reported for resistance to brown planthopper (BPH) in the same mapping population. These results would be useful for attempts to trace the genes associated with resistance to planthoppers in rice.  相似文献   

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