Hybrid breeding for biomass yield in winter triticale: II. Combining ability and hybrid prediction     

Johannes Trini  Hans Peter Maurer  Sigrid Weissmann  Tobias Würschum 《Plant Breeding》2020,139(5):906-915

Accurate hybrid prediction and knowledge about the relative contribution of general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) are of utmost importance for efficient hybrid breeding. We therefore evaluated 91 triticale single-cross hybrids in field trials at seven environments for plant height, heading time, fresh biomass, dry matter content and dry biomass. Fresh and dry biomass showed the highest proportion (23%) of variance due to SCA. Prediction accuracies based on GCA were slightly higher than based on mid-parent values. Utilizing parental kinship information yielded the highest prediction accuracies when both parental lines have been tested in other hybrid combinations, but still moderate-to-low prediction accuracies for two untested parents. Thus, hybrid prediction for biomass traits in triticale is currently promising based on mid-parent values as emphasized by our simulation study, but can be expected to shift to GCA-based prediction with an increasing importance of GCA due to selection in hybrid breeding. Moreover, the performance of potential hybrids between newly developed lines can be predicted with moderate accuracy using genomic relationship information.  相似文献   

Ascorbat- und Glutathiongehalt in verschiedenartig schadstoffbeeinflußten Nadeln vonPinus sylvestris L.     

Sigrid Härtling  H. Schulz 《European Journal of Forest Research》1995,114(1):40-49

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Bodenmikrobiologische Prozesse und Testaceen (Protozoa) als Indikatoren für Schwermetallbelastung     

Ellen Kandeler  Gabriele Lüftenegger  Sigrid Schwarz 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1992,155(4):319-322

Soil microbial processes and Testacea (Protozoa) as indicators of heavy metal pollution The influence of the emissions from a copper smelter on soil microbial processes was investigated at 4 meadow sites along a concentration gradient in Brixlegg (Austria). The first site is within 300 m of the source, further sites are situated 1125 m, 2425 m and 5900 m from the smelter. Heavy metal pollution close to the smelter induced a decrease of microbial biomass, respiration, dehydrogenase activity and the related enzyme activities in soil samples (5–10 cm soil depth): Protease, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulfatase, actual and potential nitrification. Thus, soil microbial processes in the 5–10 cm layer appear to be directly affected by heavy metals. Regarding the testate amoebae, their low individual and species numbers at 5–10 cm soil depth obstruct clear trends of this animal group. However, comparing the heavy polluted site with the control area, abundances, species numbers and biomass of testate amoebae slightly decreased at the polluted site (5–10 cm). Contrary to the results in the 5–10 cm layer, most soil microbial processes as well as abundances, species numbers and biomass of testaceans in the upper soil (0–5 cm) seem to be more strongly influenced by the supply of organic substrate than by the content of heavy metals in the soil.  相似文献   

The association between red and processed meat consumption and iron intakes and status among British adults     

Gibson S  Ashwell M 《Public health nutrition》2003,6(4):341-350

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Structure of PTB bound to RNA: specific binding and implications for splicing regulation     

Oberstrass FC  Auweter SD  Erat M  Hargous Y  Henning A  Wenter P  Reymond L  Amir-Ahmady B  Pitsch S  Black DL  Allain FH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5743):2054-2057

The polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) is a 58-kilodalton RNA binding protein involved in multiple aspects of messenger RNA metabolism, including the repression of alternative exons. We have determined the solution structures of the four RNA binding domains (RBDs) of PTB, each bound to a CUCUCU oligonucleotide. Each RBD binds RNA with a different binding specificity. RBD3 and RBD4 interact, resulting in an antiparallel orientation of their bound RNAs. Thus, PTB will induce RNA looping when bound to two separated pyrimidine tracts within the same RNA. This leads to structural models for how PTB functions as an alternative-splicing repressor.  相似文献   

Staphylococcal alpha-toxin: effects on artificial lipid spherules   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

G Weissmann  G Sessa  A W Bernheimer 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1966,154(750):772-774

Staphylococcal alpha-toxin induces the release of previously sequestered anions or glucose from artificial phospholipid spherules, an effect abolished by specific antitoxin. Alphatoxin resembles streptolysin S in releasing anions or glucose from spherules prepared without cholesterol, and can be distinguished from the membrane-active polyene amphotericin B, which preferentially disrupts spherules containing cholesterol. It may affect biological structures by a similiar interaction with membrane phospholipids.  相似文献   

Impaired prion replication in spleens of mice lacking functional follicular dendritic cells     

Montrasio F  Frigg R  Glatzel M  Klein MA  Mackay F  Aguzzi A  Weissmann C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,288(5469):1257-1259

In scrapie-infected mice, prions are found associated with splenic but not circulating B and T lymphocytes and in the stroma, which contains follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). Formation and maintenance of mature FDCs require the presence of B cells expressing membrane-bound lymphotoxin-alpha/beta. Treatment of mice with soluble lymphotoxin-beta receptor results in the disappearance of mature FDCs from the spleen. We show that this treatment abolishes splenic prion accumulation and retards neuroinvasion after intraperitoneal scrapie inoculation. These data provide evidence that FDCs are the principal sites for prion replication in the spleen.  相似文献   

Mutations in dynein link motor neuron degeneration to defects in retrograde transport     

Hafezparast M  Klocke R  Ruhrberg C  Marquardt A  Ahmad-Annuar A  Bowen S  Lalli G  Witherden AS  Hummerich H  Nicholson S  Morgan PJ  Oozageer R  Priestley JV  Averill S  King VR  Ball S  Peters J  Toda T  Yamamoto A  Hiraoka Y  Augustin M  Korthaus D  Wattler S  Wabnitz P  Dickneite C  Lampel S  Boehme F  Peraus G  Popp A  Rudelius M  Schlegel J  Fuchs H  Hrabe de Angelis M  Schiavo G  Shima DT  Russ AP  Stumm G  Martin JE  Fisher EM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5620):808-812

Degenerative disorders of motor neurons include a range of progressive fatal diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal-bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Although the causative genetic alterations are known for some cases, the molecular basis of many SMA and SBMA-like syndromes and most ALS cases is unknown. Here we show that missense point mutations in the cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain result in progressive motor neuron degeneration in heterozygous mice, and in homozygotes this is accompanied by the formation of Lewy-like inclusion bodies, thus resembling key features of human pathology. These mutations exclusively perturb neuron-specific functions of dynein.  相似文献   

Zur statistischen Abhängigkeit der Adsorption verschiedener Herbizidwirkstoffe vom Anteil der organischen Substanz in Böden     

Sigrid Meyer-Windel  Hark Ketelsen  Peter Widmoser 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1997,160(3):361-368

On the relation of herbicide adsorption and soil organic fraction Freundlich adsorption isotherms were measured for four herbicides (atrazine, terbuthylazine, chlorotoluron, isoproturon) and 24 soil horizons, which are typical of Schleswig-Holstein, northern Germany. The relationship between the adsorption constant (K_Fr) of a chemical and the fraction of organic carbon (f_OC) of the soil horizons was evaluated. Chemical specific K'_OC-values, that are independent of soil organic carbon fraction varied considerably for each herbicide (CV about 50%); therefore these values as well as K_OC-values, that are determined by linear regression of K_Fr and f_OC should be evaluated critically before application. K'_OC- and K_OC-values derived from experiments showed decreasing affinity of the herbicides to soil horizons in the order terbuthylazine > chlorotoluron > atrazine ? isoproturon. Calculation of K_OC from K_OW or water solubility of each herbicide, however, led to changes in the above mentioned ranking. Hence, especially K_OW or water solubility based K_OC-values may lead to false conclusions concerning chemical mobility. For atrazine, terbuthylazine and isoproturon Freundlich adsorption constants increased overproportionally with increasing organic carbon content of soils. The relationships between K_Fr and f_OC therefore were described better by a non-linear equation (second order polynom) than by a linear approach. Contrary, for chlorotoluron a linear relation between K_Fr and f_OC holds at least for the range of f_OC investigated in this study.  相似文献   

National diet and nutrition surveys: the British experience     

Ashwell M  Barlow S  Gibson S  Harris C 《Public health nutrition》2006,9(4):523-530

OBJECTIVE: The National Diet and Nutrition Surveys (NDNS) are a series of government-funded surveys of food intake, nutrient intake and nutritional status of individuals, undertaken to support nutritional policy and risk assessment. This paper summarises a review that considered the extent to which NDNS met the needs of users and suggested options for the future. The Food Standards Agency has since progressed favoured options. This paper aims to help others wishing to obtain this type of information within their own populations. DESIGN: A detailed questionnaire was used to probe use of data and gather opinions from users, producers and managers of the NDNS. It asked about general information needs from NDNS and changes that might be made. This was followed by a two-day workshop which included discussion of the main issues and the generation of 19 possible future options for consideration by the Agency. RESULTS: Options to improve effectiveness included methods to prioritise breadth and depth of coverage and possible ways of improving response and compliance. Strategies to make surveys more efficient and timely, such as adopting a rolling programme, disaggregating survey components, integrating with other studies and improving data access, were also suggested. A rolling programme, in which data are collected continuously, was the favoured option to address some of the concerns and a strategy is now in place to achieve this. CONCLUSIONS: There is widespread support for the NDNS from its users. There is no alternative source for such high-quality data on food and nutrient consumption and nutritional status and physical measurements in the same individuals. Useful information, such as the potential value of using a rolling programme from the outset, can be gained from this British experience by others wishing to measure food and nutrient intakes and status in their own populations.  相似文献