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1.
绍兴鸭、康贝尔鸭产蛋性能的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对绍兴鸭和康贝尔鸭开产至 69周龄的群体产蛋性能进行了比较研究。绍兴鸭和康贝尔鸭分别于 1 1 7和 1 1 9日龄开产 ,开产后产蛋率增加较快 ,都仅用 6周 ,其产蛋率就超过 80 %,维持较高产蛋水平分别达 4 2和 4 0周 ,产蛋后期迅速下降。开产时平均蛋重分别为 4 0和 4 5g左右 ,然后逐渐增加 ,3 5周龄后蛋重相对稳定 ,康贝尔鸭蛋重始终高于绍兴鸭。平均日产蛋量绍兴鸭和康贝尔鸭具有类似的变化规律 :随着产蛋率和平均蛋重的增加而增加 ,开产时低于 5g左右 ,6周后超过 4 5g,3 0周龄时超过 55g。开产至 69周 ,康贝尔鸭平均日产蛋量 ( 51 .1 6± 0 .68vs4 9.2 8± 0 .61g)和蛋重 ( 64 .64± 0 .3 5vs60 .69± 0 .3 6g)显著高于绍兴鸭 相似文献
2.
分别于30、60、90、120和150日龄随机选取绍兴母鸭扣高邮母鸭各15羽，宰杀后采样，采用相对定量RT-PCR及RIA法检测了下丘脑GnRH-ⅠmRNA和血清中NPY、E2水平的发育性变化，并进行了品种间比较。结果表明：30～120日龄期间，绍兴母鸭下丘脑GnRH-ⅠmRNA含量呈逐渐上升趋势，120日龄达峰值，且显著高于30和60日龄（P〈0．05）；150日龄稍有下降，但仍维持较高水平。整个试验期间，尽管高邮母鸭下丘脑GnRH-ⅠmRNA的基础表达水平较高，但未见明显的日龄间差异（P〉0．05）。RIA结果显示：30日龄绍兴母鸭血清中NPY浓度较高，60日龄显著降低（P〈0．01），并维持在此低水平至120日龄，但在150日龄时极显著升高（P〈0．01）。高邮母鸭在30～90日龄期间，血清中NPY浓度呈逐渐下降趋势，与绍兴母鸭血清中NPY浓度的变化模式相似；120日龄时显著升高．但在150日龄时极显著下降（P〈0．01），表现出与绍兴母鸭不同的变化模式。2品种鸭血清E2浓度变化趋势相同，30～120日龄处于低水平状态．150日龄显著增加，150日龄绍兴母鸭血清E2浓度极显著升高且极显著高于同日龄高邮母鸭（P〈0．01）。结果提示：（1）绍兴母鸭下丘脑GnRH-Ⅰ基因表达的上调可能是其性成熟启动早的关键因素；（2）NPY可能以性激素依赖性方式促进鸭性成熟的启动。 相似文献
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<正> 1984年11月中旬,地处江汉平原腹部的湖北省国营运粮湖农场鸭业公司引进咔基·康贝尔(Khaki—Campbll)成年鸭7百余只,经过4年多的繁殖、饲养观察表明,康贝尔鸭不仅适应江汉平原冬季寒冷潮湿、盛夏持续高温的地理条件,而且显示出产蛋的高产性能和很强的抗病能力,极适宜专业户、兼业户和集约化舍饲旱养。1.生长发育特点:康贝尔鸭30日龄体重达到540克,是初生重(约38克)的14.2倍;而荆江鸭、绍兴鸭30日龄体重仅为初生重的10.2倍、9.7倍。康贝尔鸭90日龄体重公鸭达1800克,母鸭为1700克,成年公鸭体重为2250克,母鸭约2000克。其生长发育情 相似文献
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鸭病毒性肝炎的防治措施 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
1 预防措施
（1）加强饲养管理，改善环境，严格执行消毒制度，搞好环境卫生，对控制鸭病毒性肝炎的发生具有重要的意义。
（2）采用康复鸭血清、高免鸭血清及高免卵黄抗体进行免疫接种。免疫接种方法：①有母源抗体的雏鸭，在7～10日龄时肌肉注射鸭病毒性肝炎弱毒疫苗1羽份／只。②无母源抗体的雏鸭，在出壳后1日龄肌肉注射鸭病毒性肝炎弱毒疫苗1羽1形只，或高免鸭血清及高免卵黄抗体0．5毫升／只；10日龄再注射鸭病毒性肝炎弱毒疫苗1羽份／只。 相似文献
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《中国预防兽医学报》2016,(2)
为研究雏鸭感染鸭坦布苏病毒(DTMUV)后血清中相关免疫指标的动态变化及其在不同日龄雏鸭中的差异性,本实验分别对5日龄、10日龄、25日龄雏鸭静脉接种DTMUV,并于接种后不同时间对雏鸭血清中的免疫球蛋白Ig A、Ig G、Ig M及细胞因子IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IFN-γ进行检测。结果显示,不同日龄雏鸭接种DTMUV后,血清中3种免疫球蛋白含量均显著高于对照组(p0.05),表明体液免疫在抗DTMUV的感染中发挥了主要作用。5日龄雏鸭血清中IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IFN-γ含量均较低;10日龄雏鸭血清中IL-2、IL-4、IL-6水平均不同程度升高,但IFN-γ含量仍低于对照组;25日龄雏鸭血清中IL-2、IL-4、IFN-γ含量在接种后一周内均显著高于对照组(p0.05),IL-6含量则持续稳定在较高水平。综上所述,雏鸭接种DTMUV后细胞免疫受到了一定抑制,随着日龄的增长,DTMUV对雏鸭细胞免疫的抑制作用减弱,细胞免疫也逐渐在抗DTMUV的感染中发挥作用。 相似文献
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绍兴蛋鸭血清淀粉酶同功酶与生产性能关系的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
测定并比较１６０日龄绍兴产蛋鸭和非产蛋鸭血清淀粉酶的多态性表现型的差异。结果表明：１６０日龄绍鸭血清淀粉酶主要包括：Ａｍｙ－１,Ａｍｙ－２和Ａｍｙ－３三个区域,均表现明显的多态性。Ａｍｙ－１区为鸭血清淀粉酶的主信号区,产蛋绍鸭血清淀粉酶Ａｍｙ－１区以Ｂ型为主,Ａｍｙ－３区为无带型;未产蛋绍鸭Ａｍｙ－１区以Ａ型居多,Ａｍｙ－３区为２条带型的频率为３７％,二者之间差异显著。１６０日龄绍兴蛋鸭血清淀粉酶表现型和体重无显著相关。 相似文献
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绍兴蛋鸭血清酯酶多态性研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本试验对６０日龄绍兴母鸭血清酯酶的多态性进行了测定。结果表明：绍兴母鸭血清酯酶区域最多可达５个，酯酶种类最多可达１２种。但以Ｅｓ－１信号区为主，Ｅｓ－２、Ｅｓ－３次之。在Ｅｓ－１区观察到有６种表现型，其中Ⅰ和Ⅱ型频率最高，分别为４０％和４５％。 相似文献
9.
新型鸭肝炎病毒流行病学调查及免疫防治试验 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
本试验通过鸭胚尿囊腔接种，对我国部分省市采集的死于疑似鸭病毒性肝炎的病鸭肝组织进行病原分离，获得9个病毒分离株。这些分离株对10日龄鸭胚的致死率为100％，人工感染6日龄雏鸭的致死率为0～100％不等。死亡鸭呈角弓反张姿势，剖检可见肝脏肿大，有出血点或出血斑。将9株分离株经鸭胚传至第5代，收集鸭胚尿囊液毒测定这些毒株的ELD50为10^-7.32／0．2ml～10^-3.5／0．2ml不等。用鸡抗1型DHV及新型DHV的血清进行中和试验，结果表明：有7株为新型DHV，有2株为1型DHV。对实验室早期分离的新型鸭肝炎病毒B株经过鸭胚传代致弱后，收集鸭胚尿囊液毒稀释成不同倍数对1日龄雏鸭进行免疫，并于10日龄时用新型鸭肝炎强毒进行攻毒保护试验，结果B20株在20倍稀释时，保护率达100％。采集免疫的雏鸭血清，中和试验测定血清的效价，雏鸭在免疫后可检测到中和抗体，第10天时抗体水平达到高峰，然后呈逐渐下降趋势。结果表明，B株经过鸭胚传代致弱后在毒力下降的同时仍保留一定的免疫原性．可以作为疫苗的候选株。 相似文献
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实验对60日龄绍兴蛋鸭大蛋系(以蛋重为选育目标)和高产系(以产蛋数为选育目标)血清酯酶的多态性进行了比较测定。结果表明：60日龄绍兴鸭血清酯酶主要包括3个区域，即Es-1、Es-2和Es-3。Es-1区为鸭血清酯酶的主信号区，表现出明显的多态性，Es-2区未观察到明显的多态性，Es-3区为一至两条弱带(淡染)，也未观察到明显的多态性。从260只60日龄绍兴鸭血清样本中，观察到Es-1有6种表现型：Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ。绍兴蛋鸭大蛋系和高产系中以Ⅰ和Ⅱ居多，差异不显著，Ⅲ和Ⅳ在两品系鸭中表现出明显的差异，高产系Ⅳ型的表现频率显著高于大蛋系。 相似文献
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辽东白嗉鸭是一个具有独特外貌特征和生产性能的地方鸭种资源类群,对丰富世界鸭种遗传资源的多样性有着重大意义。对该鸭种的种质性能进行测定,结果:从羽色及蹼色可分为3个亚型,即黑羽白嗉、银灰羽白嗉、金掌白嗉;体形、体重有兼用型的特征,成年公鸭屠宰率84.1%,胸肌率17.6%,腿肌率16.4%。银灰羽和黑羽类群公、母鸭的绝对增重峰值期均出现在8~9周龄(28~33g/d),相对增重率的峰值均出现在4周龄(80.43%~85.38%);银灰羽类群公、母鸭的初生重及24周龄体重略高于黑羽类群,但差异不显著(P>0.05);0~6周龄成活率98.6%,7~24周龄成活率97.8%。开产日龄为184d,核心群入舍母鸭年均产蛋量(249±12)个、加权年均产蛋量(285±16)个;普通群入舍母鸭年均产蛋量(174.6±18)个、加权年均产蛋量(186.3±16)个;自然交配公、母比例为1∶9,饲养只日受精率为91.32%。 相似文献
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本实验旨在探讨绍兴鸭剩余采食量(RFI)与生产性能及蛋品质之间的关系。测定300只绍兴鸭410~470日龄的采食量、体重、平均蛋重、蛋品质,计算出剩余采食量与料蛋比,并分析剩余采食量与生产性能及蛋品质的相关性。结果显示:绍兴鸭平均采食量、平均蛋重、体重、体增重、料蛋比、剩余采食量分别为198.8 g/d、73.0 g、1500.9 g、2.5 g/d、2.7、3.5 g/d;低剩余采食量组的剩余采食量、采食量以及料蛋比极显著低于高剩余采食量组;相关性分析表明,剩余采食量与采食量和料蛋比呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);采食量与平均蛋重、体重呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与料蛋比呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与体增重呈显著正相关性(P<0.05);蛋品质分析结果表明,高剩余采食量组仅蛋黄色泽水平显著高于低剩余采食量组;相关性分析表明,剩余采食量与蛋品质各指标间均无显著相关性。本试验结果表明,以剩余采食量为蛋鸭选育指标是可行的,且选育低剩余采食量的鸭子能显著降低采食量,提高饲料效率,且不改变产蛋重及蛋品质。 相似文献
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研究旨在比较不同羽色及性别番鸭在屠宰性能及肌肉成分上的差别,为选育优良番鸭品种提供依据。试验选取1日龄黑羽番鸭、白羽番鸭及黑白花番鸭公、母共324羽,按羽色、性别分为6个处理,每处理设6个重复,每重复9只鸭,各处理饲喂相同日粮,试验期90d。结果表明：雄性黑羽番鸭屠宰率、全净膛率显著高于雄性白羽及黑白花羽番鸭（P〈0．05）,而雌性黑白花番鸭及白羽番鸭的胸肌率和瘦肉率相近且均显著高于雌性黑羽番鸭（P〈0．05）;各处理番鸭肌肉中汞、镉、砷、铅含量无显著差异（P〉0．05）,且均很微量;各同羽色雄性番鸭肌肉水分、无氮浸出物和粗蛋白质含量均基本略高于其同羽色雌性番鸭,而各处理雌性番鸭肌肉粗脂肪、粗灰分含量则高于其同羽色的雄性番鸭;雄性白羽番鸭和黑白花番鸭肌肉粗蛋白质含量相近且均显著高于雄性黑羽番鸭（P〈0．05）;各同羽色番鸭中基本上肌肉氨基酸含量均以雄性高于雌性,而同性别的番鸭比较,雄性白羽番鸭肌肉中多种氨基酸的含量显著高于雄性黑羽及雄性黑白花羽番鸭（P〉0．05）;同时雌性各羽色番鸭肌肉中多种氨基酸含量呈现出：黑白花番鸭〉黑羽番鸭〉白羽番鸭,但该趋势不显著（P〉0．05）。试验结果表明,雄性黑羽番鸭屠宰性能有一定优势,白羽番鸭肌肉养分和氨基酸含量优势明显。 相似文献
15.
N. Snapir J. Rulf A. Meltzer G. Gvaryahu I. Rozenboim B. Robinzon 《British poultry science》1998,39(4):572-574
1. Mule ducks were produced by naturally mating Muscovy drakes and Khaki Campbell ducks. 2. Semen was collected from 6-month-old mule drakes via an artificial vagina. The fluid was clear without any spermatozoa or spermatids. 3. Testes from 27-week-old mule drakes were smaller in size than those of Khaki Campbell drakes but heavier than Muscovy males of the same age. Histological sections of these testes revealed that spermatogenesis was not complete. 4. Testosterone concentration in the mule drakes was higher than in Muscovy males but similar to Khaki Campbell drakes. 5. Mule drakes have strong sexual drives as a result of high concentrations of testosterone, but, because spermatogenesis is incomplete, their semen had no sperm. 相似文献
16.
Hoque M. A. Skerratt L. F. Rahman M. A. Rabiul Alam Beg A. B. M. Debnath N. C. 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(7):1579-1587
A cross sectional survey of duck production was carried out in 2002 on 771 traditional, semiscavenging household duck farms
on the coastal Island of Hatia. We determined the socioeconomic characteristics of duck farmers and their management systems,
identified the factors associated with egg production, and measured the level of selected duck diseases and current preventive
strategies. Household family size varied from 1 to 14 individuals and women were the main caretakers of ducks. Around 34%
of keepers were illiterate. Most duck products (eggs and meat; 85%) were sold at the local market. Duck houses were poorly
ventilated and a variety of bedding materials were used. Feed was available in nearby scavenging areas; however, additional
feed was frequently supplied by farmers. Almost all farmers (96%) ranked the rainy season as the best time for rearing ducks
due to greater feed availability. The annual egg production was 79 eggs per layer with a weight of 48 g and a hatchability
rate of 87%. Egg production varied by zone (p < 0.05). The odds of suboptimal egg production was 0.5 times lower in educated farmers (p = 0.001). The odds of suboptimal egg production was 2.5 times more likely in ducks that attained sexual maturity at >22 weeks
(p<0.001). Most farmers ranked duck plague as the most important disease, followed by duck cholera, botulism, and duck viral
hepatitis. Preventive vaccination was sporadic and used by few farmers (28%). There are significant opportunities for improved
duck production on the Island of Hatia and in Bangladesh generally. 相似文献
17.
本研究旨在探讨旱养模式下不同饲养密度、不同公母配比对SM3樱桃谷种鸭生产性能的影响。选择24周龄产蛋期父母代SM3樱桃谷种鸭21600只。将试验鸭随机分为饲养密度调整为2、3、4、5、6只/m25组,每组3个重复,每个重复1200只,公母配比均为1:4.5,试验至48周龄结束。对存活率、产蛋率、种蛋合格率及42周龄种蛋受精率指标进行测定和分析,结果表明:在旱养条件下肉种鸭饲养密度以4只/m2最适宜。选择24周龄产蛋期父母代SM3樱桃谷种鸭14400只。将试验鸭随机公母配比为1:4、1:5、1:6、1:74组,每组3个重复,每个重复1200只,各组密度均为4.2只/m2,试验至65周龄结束。通过测定产蛋率、种蛋合格率和受精率,用与密度试验相同的分析方法,结果表明:1:5的公母性别比例为最佳配比。 相似文献
18.
Effect of daidzein on egg-laying performance in Shaoxing duck breeders during different stages of the egg production cycle 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effect of a phyto-oestrogen, daidzein, on the laying performance of Shaoxing female ducks was examined in three experiments performed at different stages of the egg production cycle. Egg-laying rate, egg weight, egg composition, feed conversion ratio, hatchability characteristics of eggs and body weight, ovary and oviduct weight, as well as changes in serum concentrations of T3, T4 and E2 were recorded as response criteria. In the first experiment, 68 young ducks, 100 d of age, were given a basal diet (maize-soybean meal) with or without 3 mg of daidzein/kg diet for 42 d. Daidzein did not affect the onset of lay but apparently decreased egg-laying rate and mean egg weight as well as the feed conversion ratio. In the second experiment, 240 breeding ducks, 402 d of age, were allotted at random to three groups and given the basal diet containing daidzein at 0 (control), 3 (Da1) and 5mg/kg (Da2) for 35d. Egg-laying rate, mean egg weight and feed conversion ratio increased in both Da1 and Da2 groups. However, an adverse effect of daidzein on fertility and hatchability was observed. In the third experiment, 320 breeding ducks, 415 d of age, were fed on the basal diet with or without 5mg of daidzein/kg diet for 63 d. Egg-laying rate increased by 7.7%, average egg weight tended to increase, whereas yolk/albumen ratio decreased. Daidzein-treated ducks had higher body weight and oviduct weight compared with their controls. Elevated plasma T4 and E2 concentrations accompanied these phenotypic changes, but serum T3 was not affected. It is suggested that daidzein exerts divergent effects on the egg-laying performance of Shaoxing ducks under different physiological conditions and this action is dose-dependent. The changes in circulating E2 imply possible participation of endogenous oestrogen in the mechanism of daidzein action. 相似文献
19.
1. The performance of indigenous ducks (ID), Khaki Campbell (KC) and their reciprocal crossbred layers was studied from 19 to 58 weeks of age. For each genotype, 4 x 18 ducks (3 males + 15 females) were reared under a semi-intensive system (SIS) and an intensive system (IS) with standard management, and 4 x 50 ducks (8 males + 42 females) were reared in an extensive system (ES) with traditional management. 2. In comparison to KC, ID were superior in terms of age at first egg, age at 50% egg production, egg weight, hatchability, eggshell thickness with higher egg shape index. KC ducks were superior to ID in body weight, egg production and feed/kg eggs. Egg quality was similar among the genotypes. Crosses were superior to their parent breeds in age at first egg, egg production and feed/kg eggs. They were also superior to KC in egg weight and egg-shell thickness with a higher egg shape index. 3. The performance of genotypes in the SIS and the IS was similar and superior to the ES except for fertility and yolk colour. 4. Significant heterotic effects were recorded for age at first egg, age at 50% egg production, egg production per duck-day, feed efficiency and egg weight in crosses. Performance was similar in the reciprocal crosses, but superior to their parent breeds. 相似文献
20.
试验旨在探讨人工感染鸭源新城疫病毒（Newcastle disease virus,NDV）对绍鸭β-防御素（avian β-defensins,AvBDs）和细胞因子基因表达的影响。选用45只20日龄SPF绍鸭,随机分为攻毒组（27只）和对照组（18只）,攻毒组采用滴鼻点眼的途径（108.38 EID50）接种鸭源NDV强毒株（Md/CH/LGD/1/2005）,对照组接种磷酸盐缓冲液。在攻毒后24和48 h,从对照组及攻毒组各随机取6只鸭屠宰,分别采集肾脏、肺脏、气管、腺胃、骨髓、脾脏、盲肠扁桃体、哈德氏腺、法氏囊9个组织,运用实时荧光定量PCR法检测组织样品中9种AvBDs和细胞因子的表达量;剩余鸭每天持续观察,每隔4 d采血1次,直至24 d,检测血清抗体水平;于攻毒后24、48、72和120 h采集咽喉及泄殖腔拭子,以确定排毒周期。结果表明,感染该NDV毒株后,鸭没有临床发病症状和死亡情况发生;感染后鸭排毒开始于攻毒后第1天,到第5天停止,在攻毒组咽喉及泄殖腔拭子中均检测到NDV。抗体水平检测结果显示,该NDV能够诱导鸭体内产生抗NDV特异抗体。实时荧光定量PCR结果发现,与对照组相比,感染后24 h,部分鸭组织中AvBD1、AvBD2、AvBD5、AvBD6、AvBD9和AvBD16表达量均显著升高（P<0.05）;感染后48 h,AvBD1和AvBD6在部分鸭组织中表达量均显著上调（P<0.05）;感染后48 h法氏囊中白细胞介素6（IL-6）和脾脏中干扰素γ（IFN-γ）的表达量明显低于感染后24 h的表达量。综上所述,该鸭源NDV毒株感染可诱导绍鸭体内在早期产生天然免疫反应,这些反应可能与病毒在机体内复制有关。 相似文献