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1.
利用不同小麦品种在不同施氮水平下的3年田间试验数据,研究了小麦叶片氮积累量与冠层反射光谱间的定量关系。结果显示,不同试验中拔节后叶片氮积累量均随施氮水平呈上升趋势,同时冠层光谱反射率在不同施氮水平下存在明显差异。对于低、中、高蛋白质含量的品种类型,近红外区域若干相邻波段和可见光波段组成的比值植被指数与单位土地面积上叶片氮素积累量的相关关系均表现较好,因此可用760、810、870、950和1 100 nm反射率的平均值与660 nm组成的比值植被指数对不同蛋白质类型小麦品种的叶片氮素积累量进行定量监测,但回归方程的斜率在不同类型品种之间存在显著差异。本研究确立的小麦叶片氮积累量与冠层反射光谱的定量关系可用于不同的小麦品种、生育时期和施氮水平,为小麦氮素营养的监测诊断与精确施肥等提供理论依据和技术途径。 相似文献
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棉花冠层高光谱指数与叶片氮积累量的定量关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用冠层高光谱反射率及演变的多种高光谱植被指数(VI),分析了不同施氮水平下不同棉花品种叶片氮积累量与冠层反射光谱的定量关系,建立了棉花叶片氮积累量的敏感光谱参数及预测方程。结果显示,棉花叶片氮积累量和冠层高光谱反射率均随不同施氮水平显著变化;棉花叶片氮含量的敏感光谱波段为600~700 nm的红谷波段和750~900 nm的近红外波段,叶片氮积累量与光谱指数NVD672有密切的定量关系,且不同品种可以用统一的方程来描述,从而为棉花氮素营养的监测诊断与精确施肥提供了技术支持。 相似文献
3.
小麦叶片氮含量与冠层反射光谱指数的定量关系 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
本文以3种蛋白质类型的小麦品种在不同施氮水平下的3年田间试验为基础，研究了小麦叶片氮含量与冠层反射光谱的定量关系。结果显示，不同试验中拔节后叶片氮含量均随施氮水平呈上升趋势，同时冠层光谱反射率在不同施氮水平下存在明显差异。对于低、中、高籽粒蛋白质含量的品种，叶片氮含量与冠层反射光谱的归一化植被指数NDVI (1 220, 710)和红边位置均有密切的定量关系，决定系数在0.80左右。对于不同品质类型小麦品种，均可利用统一的回归方程描述其叶片氮含量随反射光谱参数的变化，对于低蛋白类型品种，采用单独的回归系数即可提高叶片氮含量估测的准确性。本研究确立的小麦叶片氮含量与冠层反射光谱的定量关系可用于不同的小麦品种、生育时期和施氮水平，为小麦氮素营养的监测诊断与精确施肥等提供理论依据和技术途径。 相似文献
4.
5.
基于冠层反射光谱的夏玉米叶片氮积累量估测 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为实现夏玉米冠层氮素状况的实时无损监测,于2009—2010年连续2个生长季,通过不同玉米品种和施氮水平下的田间试验,研究夏玉米叶片氮积累量与冠层反射光谱的相关关系,提出叶片氮积累量的敏感光谱参数,并建立叶片氮积累量的定量估算模型。结果表明,夏玉米叶片氮积累量随施氮水平的提高而增加;可见光波段的460~670 nm和近红外区的780~1100 nm是监测玉米叶片氮积累量变化差异的敏感波段;归一化植被指数(NDVI)、优化的简单比值指数(MSR)、优化土壤调节植被指数(OSAVI)、修正土壤调整植被指数(MSAVI)和土壤调整植被指数(SAVI)与叶片氮积累量相关性较好。利用不同年际独立试验数据对监测模型进行检验,以OSAVI为自变量构建的叶片氮积累量监测模型效果最优,相关系数(r)为0.6745,均方根差(RMSE)为1.2368。利用本研究确立的玉米叶片氮积累量与冠层反射光谱的定量关系,可用来定量估测叶片氮积累量的变化状况。 相似文献
6.
基于水稻冠层光谱特征构建粳型水稻籽粒蛋白质含量预测模型 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
水稻籽粒蛋白质含量是评价稻米品质的主要指标之一。本文以不同施氮水平下的4年田间试验为基础,系统分析了水稻成熟籽粒蛋白质含量与不同时期冠层反射光谱的相关性。结果显示,籽粒蛋白质含量与可见光波段(460~710 nm) 反射率呈负相关,与近红外波段(760~1 220 nm) 反射率呈正相关,其中孕穗期冠层单波段反射率与成熟籽粒蛋白质含量的相关性最高,在16个波段中以760 nm波段反射率与籽粒蛋白质含量的拟合效果最好,复相关系数达0.795。进一步分析比值植被指数、差值植被指数、归一化植被指数和红边参数等光谱参数与成熟籽粒蛋白质含量的相关性,运用线性逐步回归分析方法对相关拟合较好的16个参数进行筛选,建立了水稻成熟籽粒蛋白质含量（GPC）监测模型,GPC=－0.15× DVI(1 500, 950) + 3.00。利用不同年份不同品种及不同施氮水平下的观测数据对模型进行检验,预测值和实测值的精确度为0.56~0.86,准确度为0.85~1.18,根均方差（RMSE）为3.51%~19.91%,表明模型预测值与实测值之间符合度较高,对水稻成熟籽粒蛋白质含量具有较好的预测性。 相似文献
7.
于2003-2006年连续3个生长季, 利用不同小麦品种在不同施氮水平下进行大田试验,在小麦不同生育期采集田间冠层高光谱数据并测定植株氮素含量、生物量和籽粒蛋白质积累量(GPA)。通过定量分析小麦籽粒蛋白质积累量、冠层氮素营养指标及高光谱参数的相互关系,确立了能够准确预测小麦籽粒蛋白质积累动态的敏感光谱参数及定量模型。结果表明,在籽粒灌浆期间冠层氮素营养指标(CNNI)自开花期随时间进程的积分累积值与对应时期籽粒蛋白质积累状况存在显著的定量关系,其中植株氮积累量(PNA)表现最好。对冠层氮素营养指标的光谱估算,在不同品种、氮素水平、生育时期和年度间可以使用统一的光谱模型。根据特征光谱参数-冠层氮素营养指标-籽粒蛋白质积累量这一技术路径,以冠层氮素营养指标为交接点将两部分模型链接,建立高光谱参数与籽粒蛋白质积累量间定量方程。经不同年际独立数据的检验,基于SDr/SDb–PNA–GPA技术路径建立模型可以估算小麦籽粒生长过程中蛋白质积累动态,预测精度和相对误差分别为0.954和13.1%。因此,利用关键特征光谱参数可以实时监测小麦籽粒生长进程中蛋白质积累状况。 相似文献
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单作套作大豆叶片氮素积累与光谱特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
种植模式和氮肥水平直接影响作物的生长和氮素的吸收,无损、即时监测大豆叶片氮素水平对大豆生产中的氮肥精确管理十分重要。本研究设置4个氮肥水平,分析单作套作下大豆在不同生育时期叶片氮素动态和光谱特征,明确对叶片氮素敏感的光谱特征参数,构建单作套作大豆通用的叶片氮素积累量估测模型。结果表明,随大豆生育时期的推进,单作套作种植模式下的大豆冠层叶片氮素积累量均呈现单峰变化趋势,最大值出现在N3处理下的结荚期,两种模式两年最大值平均分别为8.70 g m~(–2)和8.38 g m~(–2);不同生育时期和种植模式的大豆冠层原始反射光谱的变化规律与冠层叶片氮素变化规律均为先增加后降低,原始反射光谱在700~1000 nm波段的反射率以结荚期为拐点先增大后减小,最大反射率达到60%~70%左右;通过对单作套作大豆冠层光谱一阶导数变换,红边幅值呈现先增加后降低的趋势,同时红边位置随叶片氮积累量的增加和减小出现"红移"与"蓝移"现象。经波段自由组合和回归分析表明,以DSI(771、755)构建的线性(y=–1.249+3.209x,R~2=0.847)和乘幂(y=–1.470x~(1.676),R~2=0.872)模型能较精确地估测不同生育时期大豆冠层叶片氮素状况。 相似文献
10.
基于多视角反射光谱的冬小麦冠层叶片氮素营养监测研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过2个蛋白质含量不同的冬小麦品种和4个氮素水平的试验,研究传感器在垂直冬小麦垄平面上,冠层不同观测角度的反射光谱与叶片氮素营养的关系,改进小麦冠层氮素光谱诊断的理论与方法。结果表明,在本试验选择的7种植被指数光谱特征参量中,2个小麦品种均表现为比值植被指数（RVI[670,890]）与冠层叶片氮素含量（CLNC）相关性最高;不同视角的RVI与冠层叶片氮素含量关系中,0°、30°和90°的相关性最高;利用0°、30°和90°的RVI与CLNC进行模型拟合,其模型的决定系数是0°﹥30°﹥90°;在建立的0°模型中,京411小麦模型RMSE为0.2915,预测准确率为90.2%,中优9507模型RMSE为0.3827,预测准确率为87.2%。本研究证明改变反射光谱观测角度,能够提高冠层叶片氮素含量的光谱预测精度,不同小麦品种其光谱特征与冠层叶片氮素含量关系不同,在应用中要根据不同的小麦品种建立相应的模型。 相似文献
11.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
14.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
15.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
16.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
17.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
18.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
19.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
20.
Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献