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1.
基于SPH方法的风沙流中沙粒速度分布数值计算   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
沙粒速度是沙粒传输理论研究中的重要参数,它可以反映风沙两相流运动中微观运动和宏观运动的信息。本文运用光滑粒子流体动力学(smoothed particle hydrodynamics,SPH)方法对风沙流动过程进行建模及数值计算,动态地显示跃移沙粒在整个风沙流过程中的运动状态,得到单个沙粒运动速度大小和方向的变化趋势,通过对单个沙粒的运动物理量进行统计分析,得到了沙粒群体运动行为的动力学特性。SPH方法的基本思想是将计算区域分解成独立的粒子,这些携带着自身质量,具有自身密度等物理特性的计算粒子可以随着控制方程运动,这点与自然界中沙粒的离散特点非常相符。本文针对SPH方法自身的关键因素进行了与风沙流特点相适应的改进和修正,使其在处理风沙流中两相物质的耦合时有它独到的优势。  相似文献   

2.
南疆铁路风沙流结构特征研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
通过对南疆铁路戈壁风沙流进行现场观测研究,提出了关于风沙流密度的计算方法,将大风所携沙粒定量化,解决了风沙运动研究中如何利用现场定时观测研究风沙流动态变化的技术难题.根据现场实测资料分析,揭示了南疆铁路风沙流密度随高度和风速的变化关系.从中可以看出,风沙流密度随高度变化显现斜"L"形,以3m高为分界点;而相对的风沙流密...  相似文献   

3.
风沙流研究的历史、现状及其趋势   总被引:32,自引:1,他引:31  
本文扼要回顾了风沙流的研究历史;简明评述了颗粒运动特征、风沙流结构、输沙率模型、起沙风模型、表面气流变化、风沙两相流等研究现状内容;就目前研究中存在的问题、研究趋势等方面作了探讨。  相似文献   

4.
风沙活动复杂多变,使得风沙危害治理周期长、难预测、难评估。目前的风沙防治模拟系统主要基于物理建模框架,由于在受控环境中构建,预测结果容易偏离实际系统。本文从风沙运动物理原理着手,结合人工智能技术构建知识和数据共同驱动风沙防治模型。针对系统的复杂性,提出了一种借鉴实际工程与虚拟实验相互学习的基于ACP(人工社会+计算实验+平行执行)平行系统理论的风沙平行防治系统,预测不同风沙防治行为对风沙活动以及防治效果的影响。其中防治行为为植被种植情况,防治效果通过地表荒漠化程度表达。同时对风沙防治效果进行三维可视化展示,为风沙防治工程项目提供实施前、实施期间的决策支持。  相似文献   

5.
海岸风沙运动观测与模拟的研究与进展   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
海岸风沙运动的观测与模拟研究是海岸风沙地貌等海岸风沙问题研究的基础与核心。本文依据 1 980— 1 999年间的国内外研究文献 ,较为详尽地回顾近 2 0年来国内外尤其是国外的海岸风沙运动观测与模拟研究 ,综述了包括在海岸沙丘表面气流运动与风沙流结构观测、海岸风沙运动速率观测以及海岸风沙运动方程的验证、修正与建立等方面的主要进展、成果与问题  相似文献   

6.
文中基于光滑粒子流体动力学(Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics:SPH)方法,采用五次样条光滑函数,通过调节不同类型粒子光滑因子,对风沙流运动特性进行分析:1)在风沙流起动阶段,沙粒平均水平速度随高度增加而增大,同一高度处沙粒平均水平速度随时间推移而减小。2)风沙流稳定前后,沙粒数均随高度的增加而减少。3)风沙流形成过程中气体粒子在计算域中心位置产生涡流,并随着时间推移,涡流又出现在计算域中上及右下方位置。4)起沙前后气体脉动强度随摩阻风速增加而增加,随高度增加呈现不同变化。结果表明:该方法模拟精度较高,适用于解决风沙两相流数值模拟问题。  相似文献   

7.
黄河中游风沙区风沙活动对黄河若干支流泥沙的影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
黄河中游地处半干旱气候区,兼有库布齐、乌兰布和与毛乌素三大沙漠(地),频繁的风沙活动对黄河泥沙的影响是深远的、多方面的。本文阐述了黄河中游风沙区风沙气候特征,并在野外观测基础上,以若干支流为研究对象,计算了入河风沙量,分析了风沙活动对河流泥沙的宏观影响。  相似文献   

8.
野外监测试验表明:自由风和风沙流廓线拟合虽都以Z=A·exp(-X/T)+Z1形式分布,但在风沙流中拟合系数更高;风沙流结构中,在20 cm以下随着高度的增加,各高度的输沙率百分比、含沙浓度、运动颗粒能量都呈增大趋势;20 cm以上随高度增加,各高度输沙率百分比变小,输沙率占总输沙率的51%左右,含沙量主要集中在离地面20 cm以内;风沙流在垂直方向上,高度与含沙平均粒径呈负相关,风速与含沙平均粒径变化呈正相关。这些结论对拐子湖地区防风治沙有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

9.
坡面风沙的SPH数值模拟   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
光滑粒子流体动力学(smoothed particle hydrodynamics,SPH)是一种基于粒子的无网格数值模拟方法。通过介绍SPH方法并结合N-S方程,利用C语言独立编写了一套用于模拟坡面风沙运动的SPH二维计算程序,对风沙两相流进行了数值模拟,得到了砂粒空间结构分布以及坡面不同位置上典型砂粒的运动轨迹,并详细描述了砂粒数以及输沙量随高度变化的分布规律,为SPH方法在风沙两相流中的广泛应用奠定了基础。  相似文献   

10.
风沙入库给干旱、半干旱地区的水库带来了严重的填淤危害。本文通过对内蒙古乌审旗南部巴图湾水库岸边流动沙丘不同部位风速与风沙流的同步观测,计算出库岸流动沙丘表面的平均输沙率。利用巴图湾水库1986~2005年9月份的5期TM遥感影像统计出水库两岸受不同风向影响的流动沙丘断面的平均长度,结合巴图湾水库附近乌审旗河南乡气象站1985~2004年的气象资料,统计出不同风向大于起沙风的风速年均持续时间,初步计算出巴图湾水库的年均入库风沙量。结果表明:(1)巴图湾水库的年均入库风沙量为3.65万t,其中西岸风沙入库量为3.55万t,东岸为0.10万t。西岸风沙危害最为严重,是治沙工作的重点。(2)巴图湾水库的风沙入库具有明显的时间性和方向性。受季风气候的影响,风沙入库的方向会随着风向的变化而改变。东南风与西北风是造成东西两岸风沙入库的主要风向。西北风对风沙入库量的贡献最大。(3)在大于起沙风的风速中,5~12 m/s风速段是风沙入库的主要风速。当风速中7 m/s以上的风速持续时间有一个较小的增加时,入库风沙量将会有一个巨大的增加。(4)库岸半固定沙丘的风沙入库,降尘和风水复合侵蚀引起的库岸坍塌也是入库风沙量的重要组成部分。因此,巴图湾水库的实际年入库风沙量应该大于3.65万t。  相似文献   

11.
戈壁、流沙地表风沙流特性研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
通过对戈壁、流沙地表风沙流特性的风洞模拟实验研究,风沙流中的风速廓线分布满足幂函数的形式,其幂指数在0.20左右。对于戈壁地表,在不同风速下,相同高度层含沙量具有很大的相关性,风沙活动层主要集中在距地表20cm范围内;由于沙粒与戈壁地表的砾石发生碰撞,风沙流不再服从对数关系递减,其极值出现的高度随风速的增加而上移,呈现"象鼻效应"。  相似文献   

12.
毛乌素沙地风沙流结构的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
运用曲线拟合、拟合方程等方法,对毛乌素沙地南缘流动沙丘0~30cm垂直高度范围内的风沙流结构进行了分析研究。结果表明:在0~30cm高度,输沙率均与风速成正比,与高度成反比,幂函数拟合关系最佳。其中,各高度层输沙率随风速的变化分别呈幂函数或指数函数关系,同风速下输沙率随着高度的增加而减小,呈幂函数或指数函数关系;随着风速和气流中总输沙率的增加,0~30cm高度范围内的绝对输沙率增加,相对输沙率(%)的变化为下层趋于减少,中层略变,上层增加,风沙流结构的特征值λ增大;风沙流中沙粒粒度沿垂向变化为细沙增加,中沙减少,沙粒平均粒径变细。  相似文献   

13.
“4.24”民勤特强沙尘暴过程初步分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
特强沙尘暴是干旱区一种破坏性极大的灾害性天气现象,文中分析了2010年4月24日民勤特强沙尘暴过程中地面气象要素和近地面沙尘浓度的变化,同时对大气动力、热力学参数进行了计算和分析。结果表明:在强沙尘暴过境时地面水平风风向经历了从稳定到多次调整,再到稳定,最后崩溃的演变。风向调整时,风速减弱,而调整之后,风速加大,同时伴有很强的上升气流。强沙尘暴使地表发生非常严重的风蚀起沙现象,近地面沙尘浓度迅速升高200多倍。沙尘暴天气来临前,地面空气呈干热状态处于低气压控制之下,而在沙尘暴过境时和过境后,地面空气显得相对湿冷,地面气压急剧上升,并处于高压控制之下。沙尘暴的强度与相对风暴螺旋度有很好的对应关系。  相似文献   

14.
GAO Li 《干旱区科学》2022,14(9):993-1008
Guardrail, an important highway traffic safety facility, is mainly used to prevent vehicles from accidentally driving off the road and to ensure driving safety. Desert highway guardrails hinder the movement of wind-blown sand, resulting in the decline of sand transportation by the pavement and the deposition of sand gains on the pavement, and endangering traffic safety. To reveal the influence of guardrails on sand transportation of desert highway pavement, we tested the flow field and sand transport volume distribution around the concrete, W-beam, and cable guardrails under different wind velocities through wind tunnel simulation. Wind velocity attenuation coefficients, sand transportation quantity, and sand transportation efficiency are used to measure sand transportation of highway pavement. The results show that the sand transportation of highway pavement was closely related to the zoning characteristics of flow field and variation of wind velocity around the guardrails. The flow field of the concrete guardrail was divided into deceleration, acceleration, and vortex zones. The interaction between the W-beam guardrail and wind-blown sand was similar to that of lower wind deflector. Behind and under the plates, there were the vortex zone and acceleration zone, respectively. The acceleration zone was conducive to transporting sand on the pavement. The cable guardrail only caused wind velocity variability within the height range of guardrail, and there was no sand deposition on the highway pavement. When the cable, W-beam, and concrete guardrails were used, the total transportation quantities on the highway pavement were 423.53, 415.74, and 136.53 g/min, respectively, and sand transportation efficiencies were 99.31%, 91.25%, and 12.84%, respectively. From the perspective of effective sand transportation on the pavement, the cable guardrail should be preferred as a desert highway guardrail, followed by the W-beam guardrail, and the concrete guardrail is unsuitable. The study results provide theoretical basis for the optimal design of desert highway guardrails and the prevention of wind-blown sand disasters on the highway pavement.  相似文献   

15.
植被沙障对近地表风沙流特征影响的风洞实验   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
植被沙障在一些地区已成为沙害防治的有效手段,其应用也越来越广泛,但对其治沙机理尚不很清楚.在盖度为10%,15%,20%,30%,40%,60%情况下,对植被沙障的防风固沙效益进行了风洞试验.实验风速设置为6,8,11 m/s,测定不同植被盖度的风速廓线特征、风沙流结构特征及其防沙效果.实验结果表明:①积沙总量随盖度增加而逐渐降低,风沙流中的砂粒分布在一定的高度范围内,但分布的高度随盖度的增加呈下降趋势;②植株的茂密程度对风沙流的结构有明显影响,盖度越高,积沙量越集中在下部;③盖度并不是导致积沙量为零的唯一指标,风蚀是否发生,还与植被的疏透度、防护林的高度等有关.  相似文献   

16.
承德地区沙尘天气的气候成因分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
基于1991-2010年承德地区9个气象站的气象数据采用统计分析和相关分析的方法,将承德地区沙尘天气(包括浮尘、扬沙和沙尘暴)的年、季特征与气候因子(包括降水量、气温、风速以及大风日数)作了详细的相关分析。结果表明:降水量增多可以在一定程度上抑制沙尘天气的发生频次。在温度偏高、降水量偏少、风速较大且大风日数较多的年份和月份,沙尘天气较多。风要素是影响沙尘天气的最为直接且最优的相关因子,风速的大小、大风日数的增减直接关系到沙尘天气频数的变化。从整体上看该地区气候因子对沙尘天气的相关性影响从强到弱依次是大风日数、风速、降水量和气温。因此沙尘天气的短期预测要抓住本地的敏感气候因子。  相似文献   

17.
Yang ZHANG 《干旱区科学》2019,11(5):664-673
Windblown sand transport is a leading factor in the geophysical evolution of arid and semi-arid regions. The evolution speed is usually indicated by the sand transport rate that is a function of launch velocity of sand particle, whichhasbeen investigated by the experimental measurement and numerical simulation. However, the obtained results in literatures are inconsistent. Some researchers have discovered a relation between average launch velocity and wind shear velocity, while some other researchers have suggested that average launch velocity is independent of wind shear velocity. The inconsistence of launch velocity leads to a controversy in the scaling law of the sand transport rate in the windblown case. On the contrary, in subaqueous case, the scaling law of the sand transport rate has been widely accepted as a cubic function of fluid shear velocity. In order to explain the debates surrounding the windblown case and the difference between windblown and subaquatic cases, this study reinvestigates the scaling law of the vertical launch velocity of windblown transported sand particles by using a dimensional analysis in consideration of the compatibility of the characteristic time of sand particle motion and that of air flow. Then a wind tunnel experiment is conducted to confirm the revisited scaling law, where the sand particle motion pictures are recorded by a high-speed camera and then the launch velocity is solved by the particle tracking velocimetry. By incorporating the results of dimensional analysis and wind tunnel experiment, it can be concluded that, the ratio of saltonsnumber to reptonsnumberdetermines the scaling law of sand particle launch velocity and that of sand transport rate, and using this ratio is able to explain the discrepancies among the classical models of steady sand transport. Moreover, the resulting scaling law can explain the sand sieving phenomenon: a greater fraction of large grains is observed as the distance to the wind tunnel entrance becomes larger.  相似文献   

18.
格状沙障内风速波动特征初步研究   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
通过对不同孔隙度格状沙障内风沙流中风速波动特征研究发现:风沙流中各高度层风速波动具有很好的相关性,其波动幅度随孔隙度的增加而减小;瞬时风速在时间序列上波动的均一性随不同高度间距离增加呈递减趋势;瞬时风速的波动性一方面受下垫面性质及外在环境条件的影响,另一方面与其所在高度层沙粒数量和运动状态有关.  相似文献   

19.
ZHANG Kai 《干旱区科学》2022,14(6):604-619
Sand fences made of punched steel plate (PSP) have recently been applied to control wind-blown sand in desertified and Gobi areas due to their strong wind resistance and convenient in situ construction. However, few studies have assessed the protective effect of PSP sand fences, especially through field observations. This study analyzes the effects of double-row PSP sand fences on wind and sand resistance using field observations and a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation. The results of field observations showed that the average windproof efficiencies of the first-row and second-row sand fences were 79.8% and 70.8%, respectively. Moreover, the average windproof efficiencies of the numerical simulation behind the first-row and second-row sand fences were 89.8% and 81.1%, respectively. The sand-resistance efficiency of the double-row PSP sand fences was 65.4%. Sand deposition occurred close to the first-row sand fence; however, there was relatively little sand on the leeward side of the second-row sand fence. The length of sand accumulation near PSP sand fences obtained by numerical simulation was basically consistent with that through field observations, indicating that field observations combined with numerical simulation can provide insight into the complex wind-blown sand field over PSP sand fences. This study indicates that the protection efficiency of the double-row PSP sand fences is sufficient for effective control of sand hazards associated with extremely strong wind in the Gobi areas. The output of this work is expected to improve the future application of PSP sand fences.  相似文献   

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