共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 177 毫秒
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2016年5～6月在山东桑沟湾楮岛海区,采用野外围隔和现场流水相结合的方法,以紫贻贝(Mytilus galloprovincialis)为研究对象,以pH为8.0作为对照组,探讨了酸化胁迫(p H=7.7)对其能量分配的影响。结果显示,短期(10d)海水酸化胁迫下,紫贻贝的滤水率、同化效率、氧氮比显著下降(P0.05),排氨率极显著增加(P0.01),耗氧率无显著差异(P0.05);中期(30d)海水酸化胁迫下,紫贻贝的滤水率和氧氮比显著下降(P0.05),而同化效率、耗氧率、排氨率显著升高(P0.05)。能量收支的结果显示,短期(10 d)酸化胁迫下,紫贻贝的摄食能和吸收能显著降低(P0.05),呼吸能无显著差异(P0.05),排泄能显著增加(P0.05),生长余力极显著降低(P0.01);中期(30d)海水酸化胁迫下,摄食能降低(P0.05),吸收能、呼吸能、排泄能、生长余力显著升高(P0.05)。氧氮比的结果显示,在海水酸化胁迫下,氧氮比的波动范围为14.28～20.46,贝类体内的供能物质由脂肪和碳水化合物逐渐向蛋白质过渡。研究结果为揭示紫贻贝应对海水酸化胁迫的生理响应提供了基础数据。 相似文献
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为优化生物絮凝系统碱度调控策略,实验研究了在生物絮凝—罗非鱼养殖系统中牡蛎壳补充碱度的可行性。在系统启动阶段评估了不同牡蛎壳添加量0 g/L(对照组,A组)、0.36 g/L(B组)和0.72 g/L(C组)补充碱度的可行性。结果显示,C组碱度、pH和钙离子水平显著高于A组,但B与C组组间的水质差异不显著,牡蛎壳补充碱度效果明显。在生物絮凝系统启动阶段的基础上,对比研究了两种形态的牡蛎壳[(壳粉,E组)、(壳,F组)]为生物絮凝在罗非鱼养殖系统中补充碱度的效果。各组的水质指标、鱼体酶活免疫性能以及细菌群落组成均无显著差异,牡蛎壳及壳粉对罗非鱼生长没有明显的负面影响,可以被应用到生物絮凝养殖系统中,但补充碱度效果不明显。牡蛎壳补充碱度与形态无关。研究表明,在目前实验条件下,牡蛎壳在生物絮凝养殖系统中不能完全替代碳酸氢钠,还需进一步优化相关工艺。 相似文献
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Four granular activated carbons (GACs) made of different materials were tested for removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from artificial seawater of a recirculated aquarium. After 70 days in a continuous flow experiment, comparative removal data (grams of GAC required to remove 1 g of DOC) were coconut shell (491), hardwood (84·4), anthracite (837) and bone char (383), indicating the superior performance of hardwood. Scanning electron microscopy showed that microbial colonization of a sample material (hardwood) was slight and occurred exclusively at the surface. Biological enhancement of GAC was considered to be unimportant as a mechanism for DOC removal. 相似文献
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通过2019年室内和野外附着实验,检验了牡蛎壳(新壳和旧壳)和生物膜(有生物膜和无生物膜)对牡蛎附着量的影响。室内附着实验表明,在生物膜处理下新壳上牡蛎附着量显著高于旧壳(P<0.05);而在无生物膜对照组中,新、旧壳上牡蛎附着量无显著差异(P>0.05)。野外附着实验发现,生物膜显著提升了旧壳上牡蛎附着量,但对新壳上牡蛎附着量无显著影响。通过2020年野外附着实验,检验了牡蛎壳(新壳和旧壳)和潮区(滩面以上0.6 m和1.1 m)对牡蛎和藤壶附着量的影响。牡蛎附着量在每个潮区中,15 d、45 d和70 d时新壳均显著高于旧壳(P<0.05)。藤壶附着量仅在0.6 m潮区中、15 d时新壳显著高于旧壳,而45 d和70 d时,各潮区中新、旧壳上藤壶附着量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。研究发现,总体来看新壳的附苗效果好于旧壳,这种差异涵盖了整个牡蛎繁殖、附着及补充的高峰期。因此,牡蛎礁修复中应优先选取新壳作为底物。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: For the development of a stepwise cryopreservation technique for larvae of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas , various conditions were examined. Larvae at 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 h after insemination were cooled at a rate of −1°C/min (seeding at −8°C for 15 min) and then plunged into liquid nitrogen at −35 or −40°C using 1.5 M dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 250 mM trehalose as cryoprotectants. Among these larvae, 15 h after insemination (the trochophore stage before formation of the shell gland) showed the highest motility and the best external appearance after thawing. Trochophore larvae were cryopreserved in preservation media containing different dilutions (1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10 and 1/30) of seawater. Larvae preserved in the 1/4 seawater medium showed the highest appearance of shelled larvae 4 days after thawing. Trochophore larvae reared in seawater at 21, 25 or 29°C were cryopreserved for 8 months and then reared at 26°C after thawing. Larvae reared at 25°C showed the highest survival rate and normal larval ratio at day 6 after thawing, although larvae reared at 21°C showed the highest rates until day 4. One larva developed at 25°C succeeded to settle. 相似文献
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To study the potential for transmission of Perkinsus karlssoni, an apicomplexan parasite, among bivalve hosts, a long-term laboratory-scale, closed, artificial seawater system for shellfish was designed. Species of shellfish utilised were as follows: bay scallops, Argopecten irradians; blue mussels, Mytilus edulis; eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica; European oysters, Ostrea edulis; sea scallops, Placopecten megallanicus; softshell clams, Mya arenaria; and quahaugs, Mercenaria mercenaria. All shellfish used were juveniles with shell heights of 10–25 mm. The design was duplicated for control and experimental systems with a combined population of 1600 individual shellfish. The maximum biomass in each system was estimated at < 1 kg/m3. Each system included six, 400 litre rectangular fibreglass tanks, a modular pump and filter unit (particle and activated carbon filters and ultra-violet sterilisers), a biological filter and a refrigeration unit. The total volume of water for each system was 2300 litres of artificial seawater (Instant Ocean®). The mean water temperature of 22°C was achieved by thermostat-controlled room temperature. Salinity was maintained between 27 and 31‰ by addition of either freshwater or artificial seawater. Shellfish were fed daily a mixed diet of carboy-cultured algae and spray-dried algae. Mean values for water quality parameters in both systems were as follows: NH3 < 0·004 mg/litre; NO2− < 0·01 mg/litre; NO3− < 19·16 mg/litre; and pH 8·0–8·4. The system design was adequate in maintaining healthy bivalves for a period of 22 months, with the exception of the sea scallops which succumbed to warm water. Mean monthly shellfish survival rates were 79·9–100% in the control and 74·8–98·9% in the experimental system. A method of controlling water temperature other than via room temperature should reduce slight seasonal temperature fluctuations. 相似文献
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Ronald Goldberg 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1978,14(4):281-287
Two size classes of the surf clam, Spisula solidissima, and the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians, were exposed to different concentrations of gas-supersaturated seawater in a flowing seawater system. Both species tested experienced no mortality when held in the control treatment maintained at 96% oxygen and 109% nitrogen. Mortality, gill tissue damage, gas emboli, membranous tissue blisters, and abnormal secretion of shell material were induced experimentally at elevated levels of gas supersaturation. Results indicate significant mortalities of surf clams and scallops held at 114% O2 and 195% N2, and at higher levels of gas concentration. These values suggest a point of reference for the bivalve culturist in identifying potential problems which can be caused by gas-supersaturated seawater. 相似文献
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为比较企鹅珍珠贝[（Röding,1798）]海南金唇选育系（GLHH）、海南白唇选育系（WLHH）、广西金唇选育系（GLGG）和广西白唇选育系（WLGG）的生长存活差异,及了解4个选育系的生长规律,自2018年1月底至2018年12月底连续监测养殖于海南陵水黎族自治县新村港的4个企鹅珍珠贝选育系F3的存活率及其壳长、壳高、壳宽、铰合线长和体重的生长情况。使用单因素方差分析和生长模型拟合等方法对数据进行分析。结果显示,4个企鹅珍珠贝选育系的生长及存活率存在显著差异（<0.05）,海南金唇选育系的生长及存活率最优,广西白唇选育系的生长及存活率最差,表明企鹅珍珠贝的生长存活可能与环境、贝龄、壳色和地理种群有关。SGompertz生长模型为企鹅珍珠贝5个生长性状的通用生长模型。研究表明,4个企鹅珍珠贝选育系的生长规律存在差异,且企鹅珍珠贝5个生长性状的生长规律存在差异,其中壳长和铰合线长的生长拐点出现得最早,分别出现在7.9（GLHH）~8.5（WLHH）月龄和7.9（GLHH）~9.1（WLGG）月龄;其次是壳高和壳宽,生长拐点分别出现在11.6（GLHH）~15.9（WLGG）月龄和11.8（GLHH）~14.3（WLGG）月龄时;体重的生长拐点出现得最晚,在15.8（GLHH）~18.7（WLGG）月龄。该研究结果表明海南金唇选育系早期生长阶段具有高存活率和优良的生长性能,广西白唇选育系可能具有最大的生长潜力（生长性状的生长极限最大）,本研究可为企鹅珍珠贝的良种选育、健康养殖及优质珍珠的生产提供借鉴。 相似文献
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Oyster greening by outdoor mass culture of the diatom Haslea ostrearia Simonsen in enriched seawater
Oyster greening was first described in the seventeenth century as a natural phenomenon. However, it has recently been discovered that the diatom Haslea ostrearia Simonsen causes greening by synthesis of a blue pigment designated as ‘marennine’. This phenomenon, which involves massive proliferation of H. ostrearia in oyster ponds, was not understood or controlled by oyster farmers in the Marennes‐Oléron region (Atlantic coast of France). As greening oysters improved their market value, they tried to develop empirical methods to guarantee oyster fattening and improve profits. In this context, the present study investigated the feasibility of mass culture of diatoms outdoors in 10‐m3 ponds, using enriched seawater. Different biotic and abiotic parameters were monitored daily to determine the influence of the day–night temperature range. After 8 days, H. ostrearia was the dominant diatom species (66%), reaching a mean cell concentration of 2 × 105 cell mL?1 and a marennine concentration of 3.4 mg L?1. Although intensive greening was obtained, further studies are required to optimize the production stages before this technology can be transferred to oyster farmers. 相似文献
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BP人工神经网络模型在珠江口水质评价中的应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
根据海水水质标准GB30971997,应用VB编程语言在各类海水水质指标浓度区间内生成足够多的随机分布样本,以此作为海水水质评价BP人工神经网络模型的训练、检验和测试样本,利用训练后的海水水质评价BP人工神经网络模型对珠江口2002～2003年水质状况做出评价。结果表明,训练后的海水水质评价BP人工神经网络模型具有较好的泛化能力,能够准确评价未知海水样本的水质类别;2002～2003年珠江口的水环境总体状况较差,绝大部分区域属于II～IV类海水,在其分布上,珠江口西部海域水质状况好于东部海域,这是由于珠江口东部沿岸城市东莞和深圳较大的排污量和繁忙的海上运输所引起。 相似文献
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Chronic exposure to water of low pH during the freshwater life stage of Pacific salmonids is presently the cause for concern due to its potential to reduce subsequent performance in the marine environment. Sockeye fry (0+) were raised under sublethal long-term, low pH conditions (pH 4.8-6.8) in soft water and assessed for effects on freshwater growth, stress physiology, and seawater tolerance following smoltification. Fish gained significantly lower mass (average 46% of control [pH 6.8] values) and had lower condition factor and liver somatic index values than control fish following a 126-days exposure to water at pH 5.0. Liver glycogen concentrations (49% of control values) and whole-body lipid content (65% of control values) were also significantly lower. Low pH exposure also resulted in a sustained organismal stress response that included significant and substantial increases in plasma cortisol concentrations. Fish exposed to pH 5.0 in freshwater for 30 days exhibited an average of 14% mortality in a seawater challenge, as well as a significant osmoregulatory stress measured by increases in plasma Na? and Cl? concentrations as well as osmolality compared to controls. Significantly lower critical swimming speed values (U(crit)) were also seen (22% reductions compared to controls). The data generated indicate that sockeye salmon are sensitive and do not acclimate to low pH under long-term exposure conditions, potentially decreasing the probability of survival in the marine environment. 相似文献
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半咸水_海水对几种渔用抗菌药物体外活性的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
研究了人工海水、天然半咸水以及生理盐水对６种我国常用抗菌药物（环丙沙星、四环素、土霉素、氯霉素、磺胺以及呋喃唑酮）体外抗两种鱼类病原细菌（Ａｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓ ｈｙｄｒｏｐｈｉｌａ和Ｖｉｂｒｉｏ ｆｌｕｖｉａｌｉｓ）活性的影响。结果表示：海水对几乎所有受试药物的抗菌活性均呈抑制作用,其中对土霉素的影响最为显著;半咸水可使土霉素、四环素及磺胺药的抗菌活性下降;生理盐水对不同药物或不同细菌的作用不一致; 相似文献
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Reproductive cycle of the rock oyster,Striostrea prismatica (Gray, 1825) from two locations on the southern coast of Ecuador 
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下载免费PDF全文 The reproductive cycle of the rock oyster Striostrea prismatica was determined at two fishing areas, General Villamil and Ayangue (located on the southern coast of Ecuador), between May 2012 and April 2013. Monthly sampling campaigns were performed at both locations. The tissues were histologically examined to determine gonadal index (GI), oocyte development, follicular area coverage and sex ratio. Surface seawater temperature, salinity and chlorophyll a concentration were measured during samplings. Our results show a similar annual reproductive pattern at both locations. The GI reached maximum values during the summer. Oysters reached highest ripeness in January and February, while spawning occurred in February–March. Gametogenesis was linked to a consistently increasing follicular area (from 1.3 ± 0.7% to 85.8 ± 7.8%) and associated to surface seawater temperature. Spawning coincided with warm water temperature fluctuations and a seawater salinity decrease. No correlation was found with Chlorophyll a concentration. The sex ratio of sampled populations was 1:1, suggesting that oysters sizing more than 10 cm in shell length present a stable sex proportion in the population. The diameter of mature oocytes was significantly reduced (32.7%) during histologically preparations in comparison to fresh oocytes. Our study provides useful information of environmental factors that may control the observed gametogenesis and spawning activity of S. prismatica. 相似文献
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The overall objective of this research project was to determine if land-based culture of eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) is a feasible option using recirculating aquaculture systems with synthetically derived seawater. A twelve week growout study was conducted in a closed-loop recirculating system with zero discharge using synthetically derived seawater. Two species of marine microalgae (Chaetoceros spp. and Isochrysis spp.) were cultured as oyster feed. Oysters were batch fed daily and amounts of algae cells offered to oysters were monitored. Overall, oyster survival remained greater than 99% and growth was steady and averaged 1.3, 1.1, and 0.33 mm per week for length, width, and thickness, respectively. Mean weight increased an average of 0.39 g per week. The means to maintaining suitable water quality was nitrification and supplementation of calcium to maintain ambient levels representative of their natural environments. Data collected is also useful for those who wish to study oysters in controlled environments or for genetic and/or breeding programs. 相似文献
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分别研究了不同硝化细菌浓度(0、20、60、120 mL/100 L)和不同微生物滤料(珊瑚石、锅炉煤渣、牡蛎壳)对养殖水中氨氮处理效果的影响。结果显示,添加硝化细菌后,水体中的氨氮浓度呈现下降趋势,在8～12 h出现极低值后,开始上升,但上升速度较慢;随着水体中硝化细菌添加量的增加,水体中的氨氮浓度下降速度加快;水体中亚硝酸氮浓度呈现先上升后下降的趋势,并在4～6 h出现极高值,然后迅速下降,且硝化细菌添加量越高,下降速度越快。硝化细菌对以珊瑚石和锅炉煤渣为滤料的养殖水体中氨氮和亚硝酸氮的处理效果显著优于牡蛎壳,但珊瑚石和锅炉煤渣之间无显著差异。综合试验结果,应急水质处理时,硝化细菌菌剂的添加量以一次60 mL/100 L(或以活菌计数为1.2×109个/100 L)、间隔24 h添加1次为宜;经过脱硫筛选之后的锅炉煤渣可以作为循环水养殖用滤料。 相似文献
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香港牡蛎营养丰富,味道鲜美,在上市前会通过集中育肥提高风味口感和经济价值。为探明不同育肥方式对香港牡蛎的育肥效果,对经过池塘育肥和外海育肥后香港牡蛎的壳高、壳长、壳宽、体质量、软体质量、出肉率、糖原含量、甜菜碱含量、蛋白含量等指标进行检测,并与内海对照组牡蛎进行比较分析。检测结果显示,经过池塘育肥,香港牡蛎的壳高、体质量、糖原含量和蛋白含量均显著升高( P <0.01),甜菜碱含量显著降低( P <0.01),壳长、壳宽、软体质量、出肉率无显著变化;经过外海育肥的香港牡蛎糖原含量显著升高( P <0.01),壳高、壳长、体质量、软体质量( P <0.01)和甜菜碱( P < 0.05 )含量显著降低,壳宽、出肉率和蛋白含量无显著变化。试验结果表明,池塘育肥比外海育肥效果要好;不论哪种育肥方式,育肥后牡蛎的糖原含量均显著升高,甜菜碱含量均显著降低,出肉率均无显著变化。 相似文献
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海水和饲料中Pb在凡纳滨对虾体内的富集与释放特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为获知海水和饲料中重金属Pb与凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)各组织间的富集与释放特性,应用生物富集双箱动力学模型,模拟凡纳滨对虾分别在海水中Pb浓度为0.0015 mg/L(B0)、0.0080 mg/L(B1)、0.0466 mg/L(B2)和0.2302 mg/L(B3),饲料中Pb浓度为2.089 mg/kg(A0)、2.750 mg/kg(A1)、6.103 mg/kg(A2)和14.520 mg/kg(A3)的驯养过程中,其肝胰腺、外骨骼和肌肉对Pb的生物富集与释放特性,为Pb在凡纳滨对虾体内的分布、富集和迁移提供理论依据,为其安全生产提供指导意义。同时通过非线性拟合得到凡纳滨对虾对海水和饲料中Pb的富集速率常数K1、排出速率常数K2、生物富集系数BCF、生物半衰期B_(1/2),富集平衡时生物体内Pb含量CAmax等动力学参数。结果显示:(1)投喂任一浓度饲料时,B0、B1、B2组凡纳滨对虾肌肉、外骨骼和肝胰腺组织中Pb含量均小于限量值0.5 mg/kg,而在B3海水浓度中,随着投喂饲料浓度的增大,各组织中Pb累积量高于限量值(0.5 mg/kg)的时间出现得越来越早;肝胰腺中Pb的释放速率高于肌肉和外骨骼的释放速率。(2)用SPSS18.0对饲料Pb含量、海水浓度、富集时间进行三因素重复测量方差分析显示,饲料浓度、海水浓度和富集时间对凡纳滨对虾各组织中Pb的富集含量出现显著性差异[除了饲料浓度对凡纳滨对虾外骨骼组织中Pb富集主效应达到边缘显著(F=2.351,P=0.071)],且饲料、海水及时间交互效应分析显示,三者交互作用显著。(3)用SPSS18.0对不同组织中Pb的富集含量、饲料浓度、海水浓度和富集时间进行多元回归分析,结果显示:在凡纳滨对虾各组织间Pb富集过程中,海水中Pb浓度的贡献率大于饲料中Pb浓度的贡献率。(4)达到平衡状态下,投喂A0饲料浓度,生长在B0~B3组海水中,凡纳滨对虾肌肉组织中Pb含量为0.128~2.981 mg/kg,肝胰腺组织中Pb含量为0.399~4.765 mg/kg;生物学半衰期(B_(1/2))范围分别为5~7 d和3~7 d。投喂A2饲料浓度,生长在B0~B3组海水中,凡纳滨对虾肌肉组织中Pb含量为0.380~1.000 mg/kg,肝胰腺组织中Pb含量为0.288~5.355 mg/kg;生物学半衰期(B_(1/2))范围分别为2~7 d和2~5 d。理论平衡浓度下,肝胰腺组织中含量均大于肌肉。 相似文献
20.
Three soft coral cuttings (finger soft coral, Sinularia sp.; black finger soft coral, Cladiella sp. and leather mushroom soft coral, Sarcophyton sp.) were selected to distinguish among the effects of five methods of attachment (adhering, containing, impaling, tethering and a natural attachment method used as a control) in a recirculating seawater system on healing time, time of self‐attachment, development of the cuttings and final survival. Three replicate and 30 cuttings per replicate (n = 30) were used for each treatment and the experimental period was 70 days. The results showed that the cuttings of Sinularia sp., Sarcophyton sp. and Cladiella sp. had already healed the wound area with pigmentation between 7 and 12 days for all the methods of attachment. The shortest time of self‐attachment for the Sinularia sp., Sarcophyton sp., and Cladiella sp. cuttings was obtained in the impaling method, with average values of 8.2 ± 0.9 days, 6.1 ± 0.1 days and 9.00 ± 0.8 days respectively. At the end of the experiment, the highest average final survival values of the Sinularia sp., Sarcophyton sp. and Cladiella sp. cuttings were obtained in the impaling method (86.7 ± 5.7%), the containing method (93.3 ± 5.7%) and the containing method (53.3 ± 5.7%), respectively. It was concluded from the study that the suitable methods of attachment for each soft coral were different and these methods are available for use in targeted propagation farms for restoration purposes. 相似文献