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1.
植物激素对石刁柏花药培养中染色体倍性变异的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在石刁柏花药培养过程中,2,4-D在引起愈伤组织细胞染色体倍性变异方面起主导作用,高浓度的2,4-D虽然能提高愈伤组织中单倍体细胞的频率,但同时又加剧其多倍化。不同激素配比的分化培养基在诱使再生植株染色体倍性变异方面存在着明显差异。在附加1.0ppmBA和0.2ppmIBA的培养基上,再生植株茎尖单倍体细胞频率最高,达31.17％。比较愈伤组织和再生植株的染色体倍性变异幅度,发现后者明显地大于前者。 相似文献
2.
异源三倍体水稻原生质体培养及植株再生 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本试验利用二倍体栽培稻品种８２０４，染色体组型为ＡＡ，２ｎ＝２４作为母本，四倍体小粒野生稻染色体组型为ＢＢＣＣ，２ｎ＝４ｘ＝４８作父本杂交，获得异源三倍体杂交种，染色体组型为ＡＢＣ。Ｆ１根尖检查，染色体数目为２ｎ＝３ｘ＝３６。用该异源三倍体杂交种的纪穗诱导愈伤组织，经长期继代培养进行原生质体游离，获得了再生植株白化苗。试验结果表明，用琼脂糖包埋法保进原性质体再生愈伤组织。分化培养基用玉米素，激动素 相似文献
3.
不结球白菜小孢子胚成苗及倍性变异研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以不结球白菜小孢子胚为外植体,对胚发育成苗过程中基本培养基、激素配比、基因型及生根条件进行了研究,并对再生植株的染色体倍性进行了鉴定.研究表明:适于小孢子胚芽分化的培养基为B5 GA3 0.1 mg/L 蔗糖3% 琼脂1.2%,在此培养基上6号、14号、31号的子叶型胚状体的出芽率分别为53.33%,85.24%,75.55 %,平均出芽数分别为5.66,3.83,3.28个;为了诱导获得健壮新根,提高植株再生率,最适宜的生根培养基为MS IBA 0.1 mg/L 蔗糖3% 琼脂0.6%,生根率达100%,平均根数9.70条.对133株再生植株进行了染色体倍性鉴定,结果发现不结球白菜自然加倍率很高,且倍性变异情况比较复杂,其中四倍体植株所占比例最高,达到56.39%,二倍体植株占39.10%,三倍体植株占3.01%,而单倍体植株仅占1.50%. 相似文献
4.
以不结球白菜小孢子胚为外植体,对胚发育成苗过程中基本培养基、激素配比、基因型及生根条件进行了研究,并对再生植株的染色体倍性进行了鉴定。研究表明：适于小孢子胚芽分化的培养基为B5＋GA30.1 mg/L＋蔗糖3%＋琼脂1.2%,在此培养基上6号、14号、31号的子叶型胚状体的出芽率分别为53.33%,85.24%,75.55%,平均出芽数分别为5.66,3.83,3.28个;为了诱导获得健壮新根,提高植株再生率,最适宜的生根培养基为MS＋IBA 0.1 mg/L＋蔗糖3%＋琼脂0.6%,生根率达100%,平均根数9.70条。对133株再生植株进行了染色体倍性鉴定,结果发现不结球白菜自然加倍率很高,且倍性变异情况比较复杂,其中四倍体植株所占比例最高,达到56.39%,二倍体植株占39.10%,三倍体植株占3.01%,而单倍体植株仅占1.50%。 相似文献
5.
甘蓝通过未受精子房离体培养诱导获得的再生植株,对再生植株的倍性进行有效的鉴定是将其进一步应用于优良品种选育的基础。本研究利用3种基因型的甘蓝材料(PMQM、QMF、RMQM)培育再生植株,优化甘蓝未受精子房离体培养体系,并通过形态学鉴定法、根尖染色体计数法、流式细胞仪鉴定法对组培植株进行倍性鉴定。结果表明:在0.4 mg/L ZT的分化培养基中,3种基因型材料的愈伤组织分化率明显高于1.0 mg/L 6-BA培养基中的组培苗,其中基因型RMQM的分化效果最好;最终确定诱导愈伤组织分化不定芽的最适培养基配方为MS+0.4 mg/L ZT+2.0 mg/L 2,4-D+0.1 mg/L NAA,且通过3种鉴定方法,得出再生植株倍性:单倍体3.4%,双倍体49.8%,四倍体15.9%,嵌合体35.3%。 相似文献
6.
《分子植物育种》2021,(17)
‘乐都紫皮大蒜’因其风味独特并具有高含量的碳水化合物,市场价值和开发利用前景广阔。利用多倍体诱导技术,可促进优良大蒜种质的创制。本研究通过秋水仙素浸泡‘乐都紫皮大蒜’的愈伤组织进行四倍体诱导,并利用流式细胞仪及农艺性状测定等方法进行鉴定。结果表明:在含有0.5 mg/L6-BA+1.5 mg/L2,4-D的B5培养基上培养大蒜愈伤组织的诱导率最高,愈伤组织长势最佳。以0.2%的秋水仙素浸渍4 h,愈伤组织的四倍体细胞诱导率最高,达39.42%。在此条件下,处理愈伤组织后诱导再生试管苗,愈伤组织存活率为54.44%,多倍体再生植株的诱导率为28.89%。与二倍体植株相比,四倍体试管苗的株高、叶长、叶宽、假茎长显著增加了183.44%、181.18%、133.33%和58.33%。本研究为培育大蒜新种质提供了技术方法与科学依据。 相似文献
7.
中国水仙花药培养及植株再生体系建立 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究以中国水仙花药为外植体,通过器官发生途径建立其植株再生体系,并通过染色体计数鉴定筛选变异个体。结果显示:在4℃下预处理3d有利于花药愈伤组织的形成;愈伤组织诱导培养基最适配比为:MS+2,4-D1.0mg/L+BA0.5mg/L+CH500mg/L+AC500mg/L;愈伤组织分化小鳞茎的最适培养基为:MS+BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L+CH500mg/L+AC1000mg/L。通过染色体计数对38个再生植株进行倍性鉴定,结果显示其中30个为三倍体(2n=30),8个为非整倍体(2n=10,11,12,14,17,26)。以这些再生苗为外植体,经器官发生途径,建立了不同倍性的再生体系。 相似文献
8.
为了建立大葱组培高频再生体系,以‘铁杆大葱’的成熟胚为材料,探讨培养基种类、植物生长调节剂浓度等因素对大葱成熟胚愈伤组织诱导及再生的影响。结果表明,MS培养基适合大葱成熟胚愈伤组织诱导,大葱成熟胚愈伤组织诱导最适宜的培养基为MS+2,4-D (2~3 mg/L)。大葱成熟胚愈伤组织分化培养最适培养基为MS+6-BA (1.0 mg/L)+KT (1.0 mg/L)+NAA (0.1 mg/L),分化率达90%;对分化的再生苗移植于1/2 MS培养基上进行生根及壮苗培养,生根率达到100%,炼苗移栽后小苗的成活率达到90%以上。本研究为进一步优化大葱再生体系提供了依据,为后续大葱的遗传转化的研究起了推动作用。 相似文献
9.
石刁柏花药离体培养及单倍体植株再生的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
1988至1990年进行了石刁柏花药离体培养,将采集不同时期花蕾接种,低温处理,激素配比,花药培养过程中形态学及花粉粒发育途径,愈伤组织诱导及其类型,花药愈伤组织再分化和染色体倍性,单倍体植株的再生及染色体加倍后入土移栽等方面,均做了较深入的研究,并获得了超雄株即纯合二倍体。 相似文献
10.
11.
J. Keller 《Euphytica》1990,47(3):241-247
Summary Induction of haploid plants is of great importance for breeding purposes because of the possibility to obtain from haploids homozygous material by artificial chromosome doubling in relatively short times. The present study reports the first evidence of successfull haploid induction in onion. Isolated ovules, ovaries, or whole flower buds of different Allium species were cultured on BDS agar medium. Testa browning in the ovules and an extensive growth of the latter were observed. In cultures of ovaries and flower buds, development of callus and subsequent regeneration of plantlets from the region of the nectaries were observed. In leek, sometimes supernumerary flower organs like ovules were formed in this callus. In onion (Allium cepa L.), plantlets developed from the ovules in all culture methods. Chromosome numbers of these plantlets were counted in root tip squash preparations. They were found to be haploid. Haploid plants were significantly smaller than diploid ones. They were transferred to soil and developed until bulb formation. Because of their importance for breeding, haploid plants obtained by gynogenesis are further stored in vitro. 相似文献
12.
为研究洋葱愈伤诱导体系建立问题,对洋葱种子幼苗、鳞茎盘、幼嫩花序不同组织进行愈伤诱导,同时对愈伤组织进行继代培养和发芽诱导筛选。结果表明,12份洋葱种子材料未诱导出愈伤组织,12份洋葱球的鳞茎盘只有‘早春黄3号（不育系）’诱导出愈伤组织;22份洋葱花序在黑暗条件进行愈伤诱导,诱导率为100%,说明洋葱不同组织对愈伤的诱导发生存在差异,洋葱幼嫩花序培养基诱导率100%,说明洋葱最佳诱导愈伤的组织为幼嫩花序。对不同材料愈伤进行继代培养,‘早春黄3号（不育系）’和‘黄金大玉葱’愈伤生长最快;利用液体培养基进行继代培养,能够快速、高效扩繁愈伤组织。选用27份不同梯度组合的培养基对愈伤组织进行出苗诱导,在光照条件下,开始会有绿色组织形成,全部诱导出根,均未诱导出苗。石蜡切片观察外植体诱导愈伤和继代培养愈伤无差异,再生培养基诱导后有根形态形成。说明不同成分的培养基诱导洋葱愈伤组织,其内部促进生根的激素增加,导致根的诱导发生。通用型洋葱愈伤组织的诱导形成,为不同基因型的洋葱诱导出苗、生根奠定材料基础,对洋葱基因编辑等技术应用具有促进作用。 相似文献
13.
The New Zealand hop breeding programme is based solely on the development of seedless triploid cultivars. This relies on the
use of tetraploid parents. While a sexually derived tetraploid parents have been used successfully, sexually derived tetraploids
offer a useful alternative. They may have a higher level of heterozygosity and are easier to obtain. Methods for the identification
of tetraploids from seedling populations by flow cytometry are described. Two studies were conducted; one on field-grown plants,
the other on plants grown in a glasshouse. Approximately 15%of seedlings in the two studies were identified as tetraploids
(2n = 4x = 40). Between 70 and 80% were identified as either diploid (2n =2x = 20) or triploid (2n = 3x = 30). Remaining plants were haploid, pentaploid or probably aneuploid. Within triploid and tetraploid populations from 40to
50% of seedlings were female, 30 to40% were monoecious, with the remainder being males and non-flowering plants. Sexually
derived tetraploid parents have been used successfully in the breeding programme, from which several promising triploid selections
have subsequently been made.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
Colchicine-induced chromosome doubling in Platanus acerifolia and its effect on plant morphology 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We report the production of tetraploid plants of Platanus acerifolia, with the ultimate aim of improving the ornamental qualities of this important urban landscaping tree. Chromosome doubling
was achieved by the application of colchicine to either pre-soaked seed or to the apical meristems of young seedlings. Treatment
of the ungerminated seed was the more efficient method in terms of numbers of tetraploid seedlings (up to 40%, as determined
by chromosome counting of the root-tip nuclei) but this method produced no mature tetraploid plants due to the deleterious
effect of colchicine on subsequent root growth. When colchicine was applied directly to the apical growing tip of cotyledon-stage
seedlings, leaf and stem growth was temporarily affected but the plants eventually recovered. We conducted a preliminary screen
for putative tetraploids based on the observation in other plant species of a correlation of stomatal size and distribution
with ploidy. Plants containing significantly larger stomata and at a lower density across the lower leaf epidermis, were selected
for further analysis by flow cytometry and chromosome counting. These techniques confirmed that, of the 12 putative polyploids,
four were tetraploid, five were mixoploid and three were, in fact, diploid. Morphological differences of the tetraploids included
a more compact growth habit and broader, thicker leaves. These plants are being grown to full maturity in order to test their
potential for use in a breeding programme aimed at producing sterile triploid lines. 相似文献
15.
以章丘大葱子叶为材料,研究了不同激素配比对愈伤组织诱导和继代、芽分化、芽点的伸长及根诱导的影响,并对获得的再生植株进行了鉴定。结果表明,诱导章丘大葱子叶产生愈伤组织、愈伤组织的继代培养、愈伤组织芽分化、芽点的伸长及诱导生根的最佳培养基及激素配比分别为：MS+2,4-D 2.0mg/L+KT 0.5mg/L、MS＋2,4-D 2.5mg/L＋KT 0.5mg/L、MS+2,4-D 0+KT 1.0mg/L、MS+KT 0.5mg/L和MS基本培养基;试管苗经驯化移栽后,共有22株成活,成活率为92%,对成活的再生植株进行形态学、叶片气孔及根尖染色体鉴定表明,共有3株发生变异,其中2株为外部形态上的变异,而另一株为染色体的加倍变异。 相似文献
16.
Summary To produce hexaploid (or other polyploid) hybrids, diploid or tetraploid Hordeum vulgare was crossed with hexaploid or octoploid H. bulbosum, and perennial triploid hybrids between the two species were treated with colchicine. The crosses did not yield viable plants: seedset was low, the seed aborted and embryo culture was unsuccessful. The colchicine treatments geve rise to plants in which hexaploid chromosome numbers were observed. At the hexaploid level chromosomal instability occurred, resulting in chromosome elimination.The colchicine-treated triploid hybrids showed in the first years after the treatment better fertility after open flowering than untreated plants, but the level of fertility remained very low. The offspring consisted of haploid, diploid and approximately triploid plants like H. vulgare, tetraploid and approximately tetraploid plants like H. bulbosum, and plants with hybrid morphology and unstable chromosome number, which were highly sterile. Thus the crossing barrier between H. vulgare and H. bulbosum could not be broken down at higher ploidy level. 相似文献
17.
Genus Vaccinium,consisting of blueberries, cranberries, lingonberries and many related wild species, includes diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid
species. Most evidence indicates that the tetraploid species are autotetraploids, with non-preferential bivalent chromosome
pairing. Although homoploid interspecific crosses usually produce numerous fertile hybrids if the parents are from the same
section of the genus, inter sectional crosses at the diploid level normally produce no seedlings, weak seedlings, or seedlings
that are very low in fertility. There is a strong but not complete triploid block within Vaccinium. Even with insections, tetraploid × diploid (and the reciprocal) crosses normally give only a few tetraploid and a few triploid
hybrids. Hexaploid × diploid crosses within sections are very hard to make, and the few hybrids that have been obtained are
pentaploid. The frequency of 2n gametes varies,both among genotypes within species and among species. Vaccinium pollen is normally shed in tetrads, and the frequency of large pollen grains shed in dyads can be used to estimate 2n gamete
frequency. Cultivated blueberries occur at both the tetraploid and the hexaploid levels, and there are important genetic resources
in the diploids. Unreduced gamete production has permitted transfer of genetic material from the diploid to the tetraploid
level and from the diploids and tetraploids to the hexaploid level via triploid hybrids. Intersectional crosses can occasionally
produce tetraploid Vaccinium hybrids that appear to behave as amphidiploids and have medium to high fertility. CommercialVaccinium cultivars are normally propagated by cuttings. Intersectional hybridization, chromosome doubling, and asexual propagation
could permit the production of novel hybrid combinations with value as ornamentals or in fruit production.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
The induction of haploid plants from F1 hybrids between CMS shallot with Allium galanthum cytoplasm and common onion was examined. Starting with 535 unpollinated flowers cultured in B5 medium 25 seedlings from part
henogenetic embryos were obtained of which 13 seedlings survived. Eleven seedlings were determined as haploid plants (2n = x = 8) and 2 seedlings were doubled haploid plants (2n = 2x = 16). All haploid and doubled haploid plants preserved chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from A. galanthum. Segregation in different characters was observed among the haploid plants. The haploid and doubled haploid plants exhibited
the different combinations of genes from shallot and common onion. Crossing of the doubled haploid plants with other shallot
strains, common onion cultivars or related species may produce excellent F1 hybrids for bulb production.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
Somaclonal and chromosomal effects of genotype, ploidy and culture duration in Asparagus officinalis L. 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Chromosome and morphological variations of embryogenic calli-derived plants of gynogenic haploid, diploid, triploid and tetraploid
asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) were investigated. Artificial tetraploids were produced using colchicine treatment of
seeds of diploid cultivar, ‘Poultom’. ‘Haidel’ (2X) was crossed with the artificial tetraploids, from which one gynogenic
haploid, one diploid, 6 triploid, 3 mixoploids were obtained. Embryogenic calli were first obtained from crown buds, subsequently
induced to form somatic embryos, and after 30 days, induced to germinate. Chromosome variation in embryogenic calli-derived
plants increased with increasing duration of subculture, particularly when low ploidy levels of plants such as haploid and
diploid were used as explants. Approximately 80% of haploid-derived plants showed morphological variations such as dwarfness
and abnormal morphological characteristics, although no differences were observed in cladodes and stem characteristics between
other polyploid-derived plants and their parents. The data presented here would supply important fundamental information for
commercial mass-propagation using somatic embryogenesis.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献