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根据基于方位特征方程的并联机构设计理论与方法,设计了一种能实现空间两平移一转动(2T1R)且无寄生运动的非对称并联机构(RPa‖3R)-R+RSS。对该机构进行了动平台方位特征(POC)、自由度(DOF)以及耦合度κ计算的拓扑特性分析,表明机构为零耦合度且具有部分运动解耦性;运用序单开链法的运动学原理,推导了求解机构位置正反解的解析式;基于位置反解,分析了机构的位置工作空间形状与大小及其转动能力;探讨了机构发生奇异位形的条件;对机构的速度和加速度进行了计算及仿真分析。结果表明:该机构运动学分析简单,转动能力强,动力学性能较好。 相似文献
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零耦合度(κ=0)且运动解耦的三平移一转动(3T1R)并联操作手机构,不仅其运动学和动力学分析简单且能得到解析解,实时控制也较容易。根据基于方位特征(POC)方程的并联机构拓扑设计理论和冗余支链消除奇异位置原理,设计了一种含冗余支链的3T1R并联操作手机构,对其进行拓扑结构分析,主要包括POC集、自由度、运动解耦性以及耦合度分析,表明其耦合度为零且具有部分运动解耦性;根据提出的基于序单开链法的运动学建模原理,方便地求解出机构的位置正解解析解;基于导出的位置逆解公式,分析了机构的工作空间、转动能力及其奇异性条件;推导出机构动平台的速度、加速度变化规律。 相似文献
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三平移一转动(3T1R)并联机构具有拓扑结构复杂、耦合度高、输入-输出运动不解耦,且易出现奇异位置等问题。根据基于方位特征(Position and orientation characteristic,POC)方程的并联机构拓扑设计理论和和冗余支链消除奇异位置原理,首先,提出了一种含冗余支链的低耦合度、运动解耦、大转动能力的3T1R并联操作手新机构;其次,对其进行拓扑结构分析,主要包括POC集、自由度、耦合度以及运动解耦性分析;再次,建立了基于序单开链法运动学建模原理的位置正解求解模型,并应用一维搜素方法求解了该并联机构的位置正解;基于导出的机构位置逆解,分析了机构的工作空间、转动能力及奇异性条件;阐明了冗余支链可避免奇异位置,并能增加机构刚度;最后,给出了机构动平台的速度、加速度变化规律。本文为该操作手的机械设计、动力学分析、样机研制奠定了理论基础。 相似文献
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根据基于方位特征集的并联机构拓扑结构设计理论和机构结构降耦原理,设计了一种低耦合度的3T1R运动解耦并联机构。首先,对一种耦合度κ为2的3T1R并联机构进行了结构降耦设计,得到了耦合度较低(κ1=1,κ2=0),但自由度和末端执行件输出运动类型均保持不变的新机型;又对其进行了运动解耦性分析,表明机构具有部分运动解耦;然后,导出了机构位置正、逆解方程和雅可比矩阵;最后,基于雅可比矩阵分析了机构奇异性,并进一步对该并联机构可达工作空间和转动能力进行了分析,得到了机构无奇异工作空间区域。结果表明,降耦机构具有结构简单、无奇异工作空间形状规则、体积大,且全工作空间所有位置的转动能力一致等特点,克服了一般并联机构耦合性强、控制复杂的弱点,具有较好的工业应用前景。 相似文献
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提出了能实现二维转动和二维移动的空间4-UPS-RPU4自由度冗余驱动并联机构,并对该机构进行了运动学和工作空间分析。4-UPS-RPU并联机构包含5条驱动分支,其中4条分支为UPS(虎克铰-移动副-球副)结构,1条分支为RPU(转动副-移动副-虎克铰)结构。建立了该机构的位置反解数学模型,推导出了该机构的速度雅可比矩阵和加速度分析表达式,求解了机构的位置反解、速度和加速度,并在此基础上分析该机构的工作空间。研究结果为4-UPS-RPU冗余驱动并联机构的实际应用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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具有解析式位置正解的三平移并联机构设计与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
具有解析式位置正解且部分运动解耦的并联机构,对后续的误差分析、运动轨迹规划与控制、动力学分析等十分有利。根据基于方位特征(POC)方程的并联机构拓扑设计理论和方法,设计一种仅由移动副和转动副组成的三平移(3T)并联机构,它具有解析式位置正解、部分运动解耦性、大的操作工作空间等优点。首先,分析计算了该机构的方位特征集、自由度、耦合度3个主要拓扑特性;由于三平移的特殊方位特征约束,尽管耦合度为1,仍可直接求得机构的解析式位置正解,而不必用一维搜索法求数值解;根据导出的位置反解,进一步分析了该机构发生奇异位形的条件、机构位置工作空间及其奇异性特征,并对机构速度和加速度进行了计算及仿真分析。结果表明:仿真曲线变化平稳、连续,具有较好的动态特性。 相似文献
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根据基于方位特征(POC)方程的并联机构拓扑设计理论与方法,提出一种三自由度3Pa+2RSS并联机构,并对该机构的方位特征集、自由度、耦合度等主要拓扑特征进行分析计算,证明分析了其耦合度κ=1;建立了基于序单开链法运动学建模原理的位置正解求解模型,并应用一维搜索方法求解了该并联机构的位置正解;导出机构位置逆解的公式,并据此分析计算了该机构奇异发生的条件;在自由度、输出和运动学分析不变的前提下,为了增大工作空间,将两条RSS支链替换为RUU支链,分析求解了机构工作空间和工作空间内部的奇异性特征。结果表明:该机构工作空间形状规则,且内部的无奇异工作空间较大。 相似文献
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提出了一种能实现空间三维转动和沿Z轴移动的机构模型——空间4 - SPS/CU并联机器人机构模型,其中SPS支链为驱动支链,CU为恰约束从动支链.采用螺旋理论分析了4- SPS/CU并联机构实现空间三转动一移动的机构学原理,计算了自由度,给出了位置正解和反解的方法,导出了Jacobian矩阵,分析了速度、加速度性能、奇异位形与工作空间,为该并联机构的实际应用提供了理论依据. 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献