共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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《中国沼气》2016,(5)
文章以牛粪为底物的中温厌氧发酵沼液作为产絮基质,利用产絮菌F~+制备的生物絮凝剂絮凝率为83.8%,产量2.36 g·L~(-1)。着重考察了沼液生物絮凝剂投加量、pH值、吸附反应时间和温度等因子对人工模拟电镀废水Cr~(6+),Cu~(2+),Zn~(2+),Ni~(2+)的吸附去除效能。结果表明,生物絮凝剂对金属离子的去除率(η)随投加量的增加而提高,单位絮凝剂吸附量(qe)降低,确定适宜的沼液絮凝剂投加量为20 m L人工模拟电镀废水投加3 m L;当溶液pH值为6时,Cu~(2+),Zn~(2+)与Ni~(2+)的η较为理想,可达到84.3%,89.7%和63.2%;沼液絮凝剂对Cr~(6+)达到吸附平衡所需的时间最长为40 min,而反应温度高于40℃时沼液絮凝剂吸附中心活性显著下降,最终确定适宜的吸附反应时间应控制在40 min,反应温度控制在25℃~30℃进行最佳。 相似文献
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臭氧组合絮凝工艺处理牛粪沼液的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
牛粪沼液作为集约化规模化养殖业阶段处理的产物,产量巨大,有限的土地不足以消纳所有沼液从而导致还田利用十分困难。因此急需寻求一种沼液的预处理方法,实现其固液分离,减少固絮物后续处置量,同时上清液经处理后达标排放。臭氧氧化将大分子有机物降解为小分子物质,絮凝处理可以很好地提高沼液内部固体颗粒的沉降性能,以实现后续上清液的深度处理。该研究采用臭氧+絮凝工艺对牛粪沼液进行预处理,结果表明,单独臭氧处理中,当pH值为7.8,臭氧曝气时间为40 min,臭氧投加速率为2.2 g·h-1时,COD去除率可以达到46%;臭氧+絮凝处理中,当pH值为8.3,搅拌时间为2 min,搅拌速率为300 r·min-1,静置时间为15 min,投药量/总固体TS=1.5,最佳沉降比达到14%,极大地提升了沉降性能,总COD去除率最佳达到82%,最终COD降低到4000 mg·L-1左右,同时为后续处理减轻了负荷,对实际处理有较强的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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针对鸟粪石结晶法回收沼液中氨氮和磷酸盐时生成的晶体细小、不易与水分离等问题,采用鸟粪石结晶法和絮凝法相结合的工艺处理沼液,同步富集回收沼液中氮、磷及各种有机质。研究了pH值、反应物摩尔比、搅拌速度、反应时间等因素对沼液中氨氮,总磷,COD去除效果的影响,考察了絮凝剂的优化反应条件,并对富集物的成分做了较全面分析。结果表明,pH值9.5,n(Mg2+)∶n(NH+4)∶n(PO3-4)=1.2∶1.0∶l.0,改性壳聚糖絮凝剂的投加量为500 mg·L-1,助凝剂粉煤灰的加入量为80 mg·L-1,搅拌速率为150 r·min-1,反应时间为20 min时,氨氮,总磷,COD的总去除率为81.2%,75.8%,62.6%,富集产物含有丰富的营养物质,可作为生物缓释肥。 相似文献
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针对鸟粪石结晶法回收沼液中氨氮和磷酸盐时生成的晶体细小、不易与水分离等问题,采用鸟粪石结晶法和絮凝法相结合的工艺处理沼液,同步富集回收沼液中氮、磷及各种有机质。研究了pH值、反应物摩尔比、搅拌速度、反应时间等因素对沼液中氨氮,总磷,COD去除效果的影响,考察了絮凝剂的优化反应条件,并对富集物的成分做了较全面分析。结果表明,pH值9.5,n(Mg2+)∶n(NH+4)∶n(PO3-4)=1.2∶1.0∶l.0,改性壳聚糖絮凝剂的投加量为500 mg·L-1,助凝剂粉煤灰的加入量为80 mg·L-1,搅拌速率为150 r·min-1,反应时间为20 min时,氨氮,总磷,COD的总去除率为81.2%,75.8%,62.6%,富集产物含有丰富的营养物质,可作为生物缓释肥。 相似文献
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利用磷酸处理微波照射制备花生壳活性炭,以一定浓度的结晶紫溶液为模拟染料废水,研究了吸附剂粒径、溶液pH值、结晶紫的初始浓度、吸附剂用量、吸附时间、吸附温度对结晶紫吸附性能的影响。结果表明花生壳活性炭是具有高去除率的廉价吸附剂,最大去除率达96%。结晶紫染料在花生壳活性炭上的吸附过程符合二级动力学模型和Freundlich等温吸附方程。 相似文献
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采用传统筛选法、DEHP筛选法和吡啶筛选法优选微生物絮凝剂产生菌,结果表明传统筛选法较其他两种方法的筛出率更高。利用传统筛选法从底泥中筛选出一株微生物絮凝剂产生菌,经过16S r DNA鉴定其属于路德维希肠杆菌。通过改变该菌株处理生活污水中生化需氧量COD不同影响因素如pH、温度、絮凝剂投加量、氯化钙等的参数寻找最适处理条件。结果表明在最佳环境条件pH值为7.0、温度30℃、微生物絮凝剂投加量为1 m L、氯化钙投加量为0.8 m L时,COD去除率可达到最高的72.2%。进一步证明微生物絮凝剂是一种非常有前景的絮凝剂。 相似文献
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《中国沼气》2016,(6)
试验利用沼液处理液养殖目标藻种普通小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris),考查普通小球藻的生长状况和其对沼液中总氮、氨氮、总磷和COD等主要污染物的去除情况。结果表明:沼液经梯度处理后普通小球藻总体生长情况逐渐增强,依次为:沉淀上清液沼液沉淀-混凝出水液沼液沉淀-混凝-吸附出水液。沼液处理液能有效促进藻体叶绿素的积累,总脂积累情况介于6.94%~23.82%之间。对沼液的净化效果,沼液处理液稀释组中沼液吸附出水稀释液(X-W)25%组的表现最好,总氮、氨氮、总磷和COD去除率分别为80.32%,83.88%,93.90%和20.00%,沼液处理液与BG11培养基的调配液组中表现最好的是沼液吸附出水调配液(X-B)10%组,去除率分别为88.37%,93.57%,97.40%和22.05%。试验的研究将为沼液的资源化处理提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献