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细胞核移植技术细胞核移植技术 ,根据核供体细胞的不同 ,有胚胎细胞核移植、胚胎干细胞核移植、胎儿成纤维细胞核移植和体细胞核移植。以核移植为核心技术的动物克隆技术 ,其基本技术环节除基本显微操作外 ,主要包括供核的分离、受体细胞的去核、核卵重组、重组胚的融合、核移植胚的培养与移植或重复克隆。供体核的分离胚胎细胞用 0 2 %链霉蛋白酶预处理胚胎 ,去胚胎的胶膜及透明带 ,离出单个卵裂球。目前在胚细胞核分离技术中有两大重要进展 :①胚胎干细胞系建立──胚胎干细胞在发育阶段上类似于内细胞团细胞 ,胚胎干细胞系是早期胚胎经… 相似文献
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体细胞克隆猪的研究与展望 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
用体细胞核移植的方法生产的克隆猪诞生至今已近5年，虽然同胚胎细胞核移植相比，体细胞核移植技术难度大，成功率低，但近年来用体细胞核移植技术克隆猪有了更深入的研究，在体细胞核移植基本机理和关键技术上取得了一定的进展。综述了用核移植的方法生产体细胞克隆猪的技术关键和难点及应用情况，并对提高猪体细胞核移植效率的策略进行了分析。 相似文献
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简要概括哺乳动物细胞核移植技术的应用前景，详细综述其目前存在的问题，认为对待细胞核移植技术的发展，应该理性分析。 相似文献
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细胞核移植是一种有效的动物克隆技术。本文谨将哺乳动物胚胎核移植和体细胞核移植技术及其历史现状、价值意义、存在问题和应用前景作以综述和评述。 相似文献
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自1938年Spermann为研究不同发育时期细胞核的发育能力而提出的细胞核移植构想以来,核移植技术已经取得了极大的成就,特别是1997年由英国科学家Wilmut等经体细胞核移植克隆出绵羊"多莉"而带来的克隆风暴更是以迅猛之势席卷全球。 相似文献
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Wilson RT 《Tropical animal health and production》2003,35(1):27-46
This paper describes the domestic livestock of the Republic of Yemen and aspires to complement earlier sources listing or partially describing `breeds'. It attempts to cover all species and provide indications of production parameters through a literature review and via field observations made by the author in 1999. Information is provided on livestock numbers and the economic importance of animal production. Most animals are kept in sedentary mixed crop–livestock production systems; transhumant systems have the next greatest number of stock; with nomadic systems being of least and declining importance. Yemen's livestock appear to comprise at least 11 breeds of sheep, 5 breeds of goat, 2 breeds of cattle, 4 breeds of camel, 2 breeds of donkey and 1 breed of horse. There are no data on breeds of poultry but domestic fowl (where clearly considerable diversity exists) and pigeons are kept. There is little formal information on the history and relationships of most breeds. Some appear to be of ancient local origin, whereas others show affinities with those of neighbouring and other countries. None of the identified types is considered endangered, so conservation would be premature. A more formal and detailed genetic characterization, to add to the largely morphological and traditional classification, may, however, reveal such a need. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance
in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological
status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples
of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected
for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of
the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered,
coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the
gland cisterns and teat cisterns.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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H. C. Biggs E. McClain G. L. Muller M. Anthonissen K. M. Hare 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1998,33(1-4):267-282
A model was developed for predicting outbreaks of Oestrus ovis throughout the main sheep farming areas of Namibia. Pupal developmental periods were studied, concomitant air and soil temperatures enabling degree-day calculations to be made for prediction of adult fly strike. Monitoring of larval infection established seasonal incidence of O. ovis infestation and acted as verification of predictions. The establishment of relevant isothermal maps for Namibia made possible extrapolation from the several study sites to the entire sheep farming area. Retrospective and actual predictions of the important first peak after winter were considered accurate enough to recommend timing of control measures. No evidence of overwintering of first stage instars was found, the strategy used instead being extended pupation. Adult fly energy reserves were determined. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The effect of diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DGME; Transcutol) on the permeation of ivermectin, a broad-spectrum antiparasitic agent, through bovine skin was evaluated byin vitro permeation experiments followed by serial sectioning of the skin to assess the amount of ivermectin retained in the skin. Ivermectin permeation through bovine skin was enhanced by DGME and this enhancement was DGME-concentration-dependent. Permeation of ivermectin was effectively enhanced in vehicles with low proportions of DGME, but the magnitude of permeation enhancement decreased as the proportion of DGME increased. The permeation was accompanied by the formation of cutaneous depots of ivermectin. Furthermore, the data indicated that the flux and the cutaneous accumulation of ivermectin were sensitive to the concentration gradient of DGME across the skin. This suggested that ivermectin was permeating with DGME, in which it is very soluble. Hence, the enhancing mechanism involves solubilization of the ivermectin by DGME and the transport of DGME itself across the skin. Based on these results, DGME appears to be a potential vehicle for topical delivery of ivermectin by transport through the skin and through formation of cutaneous depots of ivermectin.Abbreviations DGME
diethylene glycol monoethyl ether 相似文献
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为探明不同储存环境对蛋壳表面沙门氏菌存活和向蛋内迁移的影响,在鸡蛋壳表面人工接种肠炎沙门氏菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和鸡白痢沙门氏菌,试验环境设定温度4、25和37℃,环境相对湿度（RH）设定为50%和90%,在不同的储存环境下,各个时间点检测蛋壳表面沙门氏菌数量与蛋内容物中沙门氏菌污染情况。结果显示,4℃环境下可显著减少蛋壳表面3种沙门氏菌的数量;50% RH、25和37℃环境下蛋壳表面3种沙门氏菌的数量均逐渐下降;90% RH、25℃环境下蛋壳表面肠炎沙门氏菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌在个别时间点出现数量反弹,其总体数量呈现下降趋势,37℃环境下鸡白痢沙门氏菌的数量快速下降,而肠炎沙门氏菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的数量先下降后上升,并保持在接种的数量级水平。鸡蛋内容物的检测结果显示,肠炎沙门氏菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌在高温、高湿环境下更易被检出,而鸡白痢沙门氏菌始终未被检出。综上所述,低温、低湿可减少蛋壳表面沙门氏菌存活,并阻止其菌体向蛋内迁移,高温、高湿环境促进蛋壳表面沙门氏菌的增殖,增加了其向蛋内迁移的几率,不同血清型沙门氏菌在鸡蛋壳表面的存活和向蛋内迁移的侵袭力存在一定差异。 相似文献
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Ronald D. Sande DVM PhD Trygve T. Poppe DVM Dr. Scient 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1995,36(6):551-558
Diagnostic ultrasound examination was performed on 53 mature, tranquillized, Atlantic salmon. Wild fish and farmed fish were equally represented. The purpose was to find a rapid method of examination that could be used to identify and separate fish with cardiomyopathy syndrome while fish are tranquillized for other procedures. Three methods of examination were studied. The non-elastic pericardium and absence of lungs results in cardiac function which is clearly different from that in mammals. M-mode echocardiography was complex, technical and time consuming and calculated fractional shortening was not reliable. Subjective evaluation of the heart and liver was valuable and easy to perform. Measurement of the transverse dimension of the atrium and ventricle on a ventro-dorsal axis through the cranial limit of the A-V valve gave acceptable objective data for comparison of the ventricular and atrial size. Diagnostic ultrasound is both practical and valuable for the clinical study of disease in fish. 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to examine whether susceptible calves grazing together with second-year resistant heifers are less exposed to trichostrongylid infection than are calves grazing on their own. Two groups of animals representing each age category were turned out onto pasture on 24 May 1997 and grazed at comparable stocking rates. The grazing of calves and heifers together was compared to groups of each age category grazing separately. The results indicated that herbage larval counts were significantly reduced in the second part of the grazing season on the plot grazed by the mixed group compared to the plot grazed by the first-season calves only. The mixed grazing strategy protected the young calves and no clinical signs were observed in this group, while most of the calves that grazed alone exhibited clinical signs. The availability of herbage was reduced towards the end of the season, with subsequent competition for the grass forcing all the animals to graze the tufts around the faecal pats, where the quality of the grass is poor and the numbers of infective larvae are high. The effect of this was visible in the form of increased parasite burdens in the calves that were grazed together with the heifers, confirmed by increased blood serum pepsinogen concentrations and reduced daily weight gains in the second part of the grazing season. The lower numbers of infective larvae on the pasture were probably achieved through the heifers ingesting many of the larvae but subsequently depositing relatively few eggs, since they had acquired some degree of resistance against trichostrongylid infections during their first grazing season. Thus they did not suffer any parasitological ill-effects during mixed grazing with first-season calves. 相似文献