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1.
Uterine tube abnormalities as a cause of bovine infertility   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
A total of 2000 bovine reproductive tracts (1000 parous and 1000 nulliparous) from freshly slaughtered animals were examined for uterine tube abnormalities and lesions. Tubal lesions were recorded in 180 tracts (9.0 per cent). More parous tracts (6.4 per cent) had tubal lesions than nulliparous tracts (2.6 per cent). The most frequently identified lesion was ovarobursal adhesions which comprised 80 per cent of all abnormalities and were identified in 6.85 per cent of all the genital tracts examined. The uterine tubes were insufflated with carbon dioxide gas to a maximum pressure of 300 mm Hg; 22 were found to be occluded even though they were macroscopically normal.  相似文献   

2.
Genital tracts were collected from non-pregnant cull ewes in early April and examined for macroscopic abnormalities. An assessment was made of the possible effect of any abnormality on the ability of the animal to become pregnant. It was found that 23.2 per cent of the tracts had abnormalities and it was considered that 16.8 per cent had abnormalities likely to interfere with the establishment of pregnancy.  相似文献   

3.
A survey was carried out at Kano abattoir in order to estimate the incidence of hydatidosis and cysticercosis in slaughtered livestock. Of the animal species examined, hydatid disease was found in sheep (11.4 per cent), goats (26.5 per cent), cattle (14.7 per cent) and camels (55.5 per cent). Cysticercus tenuicollis was found to be most prevalent in goats (34.2 per cent), followed by sheep (21.4 per cent) and cattle (0.1 per cent). Out of 4844 cattle examined, less than 2 per cent haboured Cysticercus bovis cysts; while Cysticercus ovis cysts were found in sheep (1 per cent) and goats (0.8 per cent).  相似文献   

4.
The seroprevalence of maedi-visna virus infection in thin potential cull ewes aged over two years in a flock in East Anglia increased from 3.7 per cent in August 1985 to 39.0 per cent in September 1987 and 93.3 per cent in May 1989. This increase coincided with the first appearance of sheep pulmonary adenomatosis in the flock. Four emaciated ewes which were dyspnoeic were necropsied between 1987 and 1989. Maedi and pulmonary adenomatosis were confirmed histologically in one of these ewes and pulmonary adenomatosis was confirmed in the other three.  相似文献   

5.
Prenatal exposure to endogenous or exogenous androgens alters the development of the female reproductive tract. Although lesions in ovaries and external genitalia of androgenized female sheep have been reported, lesions of the tubular genitalia have not. Testosterone propionate (TP) or dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was administered by intramuscular injection twice weekly to 32 ewes from 30 to 90 days of pregnancy. The ewes lambed normally. The reproductive tracts from 24 treated and 13 control postpubertal female offspring were examined at 10 months of age. The ovaries, oviducts, and uteri were grossly and histologically normal in both TP- and DHT-exposed sheep. However, in the DHT-treated sheep, the uterus connected to a misshapen, saccular vagina that opened into the urethra; in the TP-treated sheep, it ended in a blind sac. In both TP- and DHT-treated sheep, the urethra was approximately 5 times longer than that of control sheep, and it resembled a male urethra with bilateral male accessory genital glands. The urethra terminated in a fully developed penis in both TP- and DHT-treated sheep, and a scrotal sac was present (without testes). These results show that prenatal exposure of female sheep to exogenous androgens results in masculinization of the tubular and external genitalia.  相似文献   

6.
The administration of melatonin via intravaginal sponges is an effective method of advancing the breeding season in ewes. In the present study the fertility of melatonin-treated ewes has been compared with that of ewes induced to ovulate by conventional treatment. On June 25, 15, 15-month-old ewes (group 1) were given intravaginal implants containing melatonin in silastic tubing. On August 8, 13 similar ewes (group 2) were given Veramix sponges which were removed 12 days later, when they were given 500 iu pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMSG). Two intact raddled rams were introduced to the combined groups on August 21. The mean date of mating was September 3 +/- 1.5 for group 1 and August 21 +/- 0.2 for group 2 ewes. All the ewes in group 1 and 10 in group 2 (77 per cent) were mated. All the ewes were slaughtered approximately 50 days after mating and their reproductive tracts removed. The mean ovulation rates were 2.1 and 2.3 in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The results indicate that conception rates of 87 per cent and 61.5 per cent of ewes put to the ram were obtained in the melatonin-treated and PMSG-treated groups, respectively. At slaughter the melatonin-treated group were found to have a mean of 1.47 live fetuses per ewe put to the ram and the PMSG-treated group a mean of 1.08. It can therefore be concluded that melatonin implantation is an effective method for the advancement of seasonal breeding in anoestrous sheep, and that the fertility achieved is at least as good as that given by conventional progestogen-PMSG treatment.  相似文献   

7.
Macroscopic examination of 487 ewe reproductive tracts from 18 different sources was made at Perth abattoirs. Of these, 194 were examined microscopically and 217 bacteriologically. Observations were made during March to May, when ewes were not grazing oestrogenic pasture. Significant lesions in ovaries or oviducts were rare. Macroscopic cysts were found in the uterus or cervix of 159 ewes (32.7%). Microscopic lesions, including uterine or cervical cysts and squamous metaplasia or goblet cell hyperplasia of the epithelium, were observed in 76% of ewes studied. Bacteria were isolated from 59 ewes, the most common genera being Corynebacterium, Escherichia, Streptococcus and Bacillus. Escherichia coli and streptococci appeared to be the most commonly associated with endometritis. Presence of bacteria was closely associated with endometritis and with cysts in the cervix. Endometritis was observed microscopically in 48 ewes (24%) and was significantly associated with the presence of cysts in the uterus or cervix. These results suggest that there is a high incidence of clover disease lesions in West Australian ewes, and that under commercial conditions clover disease may cause functional damage to the cervix, allowing passage of bacteria and resulting in endometritis.  相似文献   

8.
Blood samples from 2,310 mature sheep in 3 Idaho range flocks were examined by agar gel immunodiffusion to determine the prevalence of ovine progressive pneumonia. The prevalence ranged from 58% for all ages combined in one flock to 90% of cull ewes in another flock. Age-specific prevalence rates increased from 16% in yearlings to 83% in ewes greater than or equal to 7 years old. Rambouillet sheep had a significantly (P less than 0.01) lower prevalence than sheep of 5 other breeds, whereas one-half Finnsheep crosses had a significantly (P less than 0.01) higher prevalence than sheep of other breeds. Within breed and age, there was no significant difference in reproductive performance between seropositive and seronegative ewes.  相似文献   

9.
To determine the toxicity of Adonis aestivalis (adonis) in sheep, adult Suffolk ewes were administered 1 per cent bodyweight adonis via surgically placed rumen cannulas in an acute, high-dose toxicity study, and 0.2 per cent bodyweight daily in a two-week, low-dose toxicity study. The ewes received cardiac examinations before dosing, 24 and 48 hours after dosing with 1 per cent bodyweight adonis, and after continuous low-dose administration. All the ewes administered adonis had transient sinus arrhythmias after receiving 1 per cent bodyweight adonis. Two of the three ewes had transient reduced fractional shortening after administration with 1 per cent bodyweight adonis; the same two ewes had reduced fractional shortening after the low-dose treatment regimen. No gross or microscopic lesions were seen when the ewes were examined postmortem at the end of the study.  相似文献   

10.
A study was conducted to assess the type and prevalence of abnormalities occurring in the female reproductive tracts of 201 Zebu cattle of Fogera type (161 cows and 40 heifers) slaughtered at Bahir-Dar town, north-west Ethiopia. Out of the 201 female genital tracts collected and examined, abnormalities were recorded in 74 (36.8%). The most common abnormalities encountered were ovariobursal adhesion (5.5%), endometritis (3.9%) and cystic ovaries (3.5%). Other abnormalities recorded were ovarian hypoplasia, vaginitis, cervicitis, tortuous cervical canal, mucometra, vaginal cyst, parovarian cyst, hypoplastic cervical rings, cervical cyst, freemartins, closed external cervical os, uterine and oviducts adhesion, cystic uterine tube, remnant of retained fetal membrane and cyst in the uterine wall. The prevalence of the abnormalities was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in parous than in nulliparous cows. Moreover, evidence of ovarian cyclicity was found in 51.6% and 30% of non-pregnant parous and nulliparous cows examined, respectively. This study revealed that reproductive tract abnormalities seem to be an important problem with possible subsequent infertility in Fogera-type Zebu cows in the study area.  相似文献   

11.
A study on the prevalence and seasonal incidence of cestode parasite infections of sheep and goats was carried out in eastern Ethiopia for 2 years (May 2003-April 2005). During this period, viscera including liver, lungs, heart, kidneys and the gastro-intestinal tract were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at four abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga. At the abattoirs the abdominal, thoracic and pelvic cavities as well as the muscle surfaces of all animals were visually examined for the presence of larval (cystic) stages of cestode parasites. The viscera were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University and were examined for larval and adult cestodes following standard procedures. The most prevalent metacestodes (larval cestodes) were Cysticercus ovis (Taenia ovis), Cysticercus tenuicollis (T. hydatigena) and hydatid cysts (Echinococcus granulosus). In sheep, the overall prevalence was 26% for C. ovis, 79% for C. tenuicollis, and 68% for hydatid cysts. Similarly, for goats, the corresponding prevalence was 22%, 53% and 65%, respectively. The difference between sheep and goats in prevalence of C. tenuicollis was significant. The high prevalence of hydatid cysts in both sheep and goats indicates that cystic echinococcosis/hydatidosis is a public health problem in these regions which requires implementation of control measures, including public health education, strict meat inspection and control of stray dogs. The results of the survey also implies that infections of small ruminants with these metacestodes are responsible for condemnation of substantial quantities of affected organs and muscles and therefore of direct economic importance. Intestinal infections with adult tapeworms of Moniezia expansa, Avitellina centripunctata and Stilesia globipunctata, and bile duct infections with Stilesia hepatica were also common in both sheep and goats. In sheep, the overall prevalence of these tapeworms were 61%, 20%, 24% and 39%, respectively. Similarly, the overall prevalence of these parasites in goats was 53%, 21%, 27% and 36%, respectively.  相似文献   

12.
The lamb slaughter records of a large private abattoir showed that a small minority of farms had a lamb liver rejection rate exceeding 40 per cent. Small sheep farms were most likely to have high rejection rates and farms producing both lambs and pigs had relatively high lamb liver rejection rates. In a farm survey statistical analysis showed that the spreading of pig slurry, access to the grazing land by hunts and the infrequent use of dog cestocides were factors significantly linked to high lamb liver rejection rates. A survey of 4000 lambs' livers confirmed the importance of Cysticercus tenuicollis as a cause of rejection. Fifty-two per cent of the livers had lesions which could not be identified but showed histological similarities to ascarid lesions.  相似文献   

13.
A postal census of vaginal prolapse in sheep flocks in the Borders region of Scotland yielded 540 replies from 963 owners (56 per cent). There were 262,250 ewes in 976 flocks and 2573 vaginal prolapses were reported. Analysis of the data revealed that 390 (40 per cent) of the flocks had no vaginal prolapses and in 237 (24.3 per cent) the reported prevalence was between 0.1 per cent and 1.0 per cent. Only 63 (6.5 per cent) of flocks had a greater than 5 per cent prevalence of vaginal prolapses. The greatest number of prolapses occurred in an upland flock of greyface ewes mated with Suffolk tups with 50 cases among 700 ewes (7.1 per cent) and the highest prevalence was in an upland Scottish blackface flock of ewes bred with Suffolk tups with 15.2 per cent (35 cases among 230 ewes). There were marked breed differences; very few hill breeds were affected and most cases occurred in greyface ewes mated with Suffolk tups.  相似文献   

14.
The fertility of 646 ewes and gimmers bred by laparoscopic artificial insemination (LAI) in the autumn of 2006 was investigated using a questionnaire and individual ewe breeding records kept for 13 commercial sheep flocks that used LAI routinely. Overall, the pregnancy rate was 66 per cent, but it was highest in ewes bred for the fourth time. Technical aspects of LAI influenced fertility: pregnancy rates were 70 per cent for ewes bred using frozen semen compared with 58 per cent when fresh semen was used (P≤0.01), and 74 per cent of ewes that travelled to an artificial insemination centre for mating conceived, compared with 62 per cent that remained on their own farm (P<0.01). Higher doses of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (>400 iu) used for oestrus synchronisation reduced pregnancy rates to only 49 per cent (P<0.001). However, the largest effect was associated with shepherds gathering, handling and treating breeding ewes four to six weeks before mating; pregnancy rates were 54 per cent among ewes where this was carried out, compared with 74 per cent for ewes not treated in this way (P<0.01).  相似文献   

15.
Twenty crossbred Panama yearling ewes were used to determine the effects of feeding cull onions (Allium cepa) to sheep. Ten test ewes were fed onions free choice with supplemntal alfalfa hay and grain, whereas ten control ewes were fed only alfalfa hay and grain. Anemia developed within 3 weeks in the test ewes, but was not seen in the controls. All ewes remained clinically normal during the study. Onions were fed for about 130 days. Recovery of the erythrocyte system began before the end of the feeding period. Even though onions were fed during most of the gestation period, the numbers of lambs born in the test and control groups were essentially the same.  相似文献   

16.
AIMS: To record the prevalence of gross abnormalities of the reproductive tract in culled New Zealand dairy cows, to determine how accurately farmers classify the pregnancy status of their animals and to establish if this was influenced by method of pregnancy diagnosis. METHODS: The reproductive tracts from 1134 cull dairy cows were examined after slaughter and evisceration for the presence of gross abnormalities, ovarian activity and pregnancy at a commercial abattoir. The farmers that had submitted these animals for slaughter were surveyed for information about the farm and herd from which each cow was derived and to establish whether the farmer believed each cow to be pregnant or not. The method that had been used to determine pregnancy status was recorded for each animal. RESULTS: Gross abnormalities were evident in 5.7% of reproductive tracts. Ovarian activity (presence of follicles 5 mm diameter and/or a corpus luteum) was apparent in 88% of non-pregnant cows. Pregnancy was detected in 39% of cows, of which 2.3% carried twins. The pregnancy status evident at slaughter varied from that reported by farmers in 7.0% of the 954 cows for which farmers were able to provide information. Of the cows that had been examined by palpation or ultrasound per rectum prior to slaughter, 10.3% that were recorded as non-pregnant by farmers were pregnant, and 3.2% of those recorded as pregnant were not. Of the cows that had not been examined, 3.8% of those recorded as nonpregnant by farmers were pregnant while 10.4% of those recorded as pregnant were not. There was no apparent association between gross genital tract abnormalities or ovarian activity and the misclassification of pregnancy status. Amongst cows that were pregnant at slaughter the foetus was significantly smaller in cows that had been recorded as 'not pregnant' after palpation or ultrasound examination than in cows that had been recorded as 'not pregnant' on the basis of farmer observation only. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of gross abnormalities of the reproductive tract was comparable to that reported in similar studies overseas. Farmer observation as a method of pregnancy detection overestimates pregnancy rate. Pregnancy status may be misclassified or misrecorded following palpation or ultrasound examination of cattle per rectum. Accurate classification of pregnancy status is dependent on the method and timing of pregnancy diagnosis and on minimising errors of diagnosis, cow identification and recording.  相似文献   

17.
SUMMARY: :Five groups of 5 shorn and 5 unshorn caseous lymphadenitis (CLA)-free Merino wether weaners were each placed in feedlot pens with 6 Merino ewes, 2 or more of which had CLA lung lesions but no discharging superficial lesions. The sheep were kept together for 5 months.
Twenty-eight per cent of the shorn weaners and 20% of the unshorn weaners developed antibodies to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. At slaughter, 8% of the shorn weaners and 12% of the unshorn weaners had CLA lesions in either lungs, lymph nodes or both. In the absence of contact with CLA-infected ewes, a control group of 5 shorn and 5 unshorn weaners failed to develop antibodies to C. pseudotuberculosis or CLA lesions in the same period. This showed that sheep with CLA abscesses in the lungs but no discharging superficial abscesses were a source of C. pseudotuberculosis infection to other sheep. Aust Vet J. 64: 261–263  相似文献   

18.
Sheep in a flock in which 88 per cent of the ewes had antibodies to maedi-visna virus were clinically examined for udder induration during lactation and after drying off. On both occasions about half of the ewes had indurated udders. Histological examination revealed lymphocytic mastitis associated with maedi-visna virus infection, in the udders of six of 25 hoggs (24 per cent), 21 of 39 shearlings (53.8 per cent) and 42 of 67 ewes (62.7 per cent). Distinct lung lesions were found in 8 per cent of the hoggs, 12.5 per cent of the shearlings and 10 per cent of the ewes. The results of a clinical examination of dry udders were correlated with the histological findings.  相似文献   

19.
Electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels was used to identify isoenzymes of serum alkaline phosphatase in sheep. Skeletal isoenzyme predominated in the serum of lambs and liver, skeletal and intestinal isoenzymes were found in the serum of adult ewes. In r ewes (R-r-i blood group system) intestinal isoenzyme activity was 67 per cent of total serum activity; in R ewes intestinal activity was only 36 per cent of total activity. Relative activities of the three isoenzymes differed greatly within individual ewes and between individual ewes during pregnancy and lactation.  相似文献   

20.
As part of an investigation into improving the treatment and control of lameness in sheep flocks in England and Wales, a postal survey was conducted in November 2000. Farmers were asked to estimate the prevalence of footrot and interdigital dermatitis in their flocks. In the ewes the prevalence of interdigital dermatitis remained relatively stable throughout the year, but there was a large increase in lambs during late spring and early summer. Logistic regression models were used to assess statistically significant risk factors associated with prevalences of the condition of 5 per cent or more in ewes and 10 per cent or more in lambs. Factors that increased the risk in ewes were 'sometimes/never' catching lame sheep compared with 'always' farm land 100 m or less above sea level and renting-in winter grazing; factors that increased the risk in lambs were a prevalence of 5 per cent or more of footrot in ewes, 'sometimes/never' catching lame ewes compared with 'always', 'sometimes/never' treating ewes with footrot with parenteral antibiotics compared with 'always', showing sheep at agricultural events, farm land 100 m or less above sea level, and a prevalence of 5 per cent or more of interdigital dermatitis in ewes. Turning sheep on to a field which had been free from livestock for at least two weeks after footbathing decreased the risk of interdigital dermatitis in lambs. Footbathing without the use of a clean field compared with not footbathing did not significantly affect the prevalence of the interdigital dermatitis.  相似文献   

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