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镇沅瓢鸡是镇沅为数较少的特色家禽品种之一,属于云南省六大名鸡之一,2009年9月15日,镇沅瓢鸡被云南省列为濒危畜禽品种保护名录.2009年11月6日,镇沅瓢鸡通过了国家畜禽遗传资源鉴定委员会的鉴定,成为我国一个具有特异性的优良地方鸡种.2011年1月15日,中华人民共和国农业部第1 325号公告将镇沅瓢鸡列为国家畜禽遗传资源名录.本文通过介绍镇沅瓢鸡的生产现状,品种来源及特点,生产性能,有效保护与开发利用. 相似文献
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<正> 人类对畜禽产品的需求在不同的时代都有着巨大的变化,随着人们认识的不断加深和科学研究的日趋深入,在经历了由某个表型性状的浅显认识到控制性的内部遗传机制的深刻认识之后,满足不同需求与畜禽的遗传资源的保护紧密地联系了起来。虽然我国是世界上畜禽遗传资源最丰富的国家之一,但由于近几年来的不断引进国外的专门化品系进行杂交以期高产或者改良性状,使得这些具有优良性状的专门化品系都被杂交种所取代,再加上传统的保种技术的落后和经济利益的趋使,使我国许多畜禽资源面临濒危和灭绝。在这种情况下,如何保护好我国巨大的优良畜禽资源已经成了畜牧界普遍关注的问题。从保种思想的萌芽开始,就有诸多学者致力于此项研究,本文就地方鸡种的保存和利用提出几点建议。一、加强地方品种资源调查要做到能够充分保护和利用地方资源,就必须对地方资源很熟悉。我国是世界上家禽遗传资源最丰富的国家之一,我们有地方品种72个,其中收入《中国家禽品种志》的地方鸡种有27个,分别是仙居鸡、白耳黄鸡、狼山鸡、大骨鸡、北京油鸡、浦东鸡、寿光鸡、萧山鸡、鹿苑鸡、固始鸡、 相似文献
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最近，国家畜禽品种审定委员会对国家畜禽品种名录和各省申报的资源场进行了审定，还讨论了品种资源保护、开发利用的原则、方法及措施等问题。从申报并经过核查的家禽品种现状分析，我国家禽品种资源的保护工作仍然有喜有忧。喜的是国家对品种资源保护工作十分重视，而且措施有力。忧的是有些品种的群体在继续变小，甚至处于灭绝边缘。家禽良种资源不同程度的濒危多半是由于人们对它的认识不够造成的。我国众多家禽品种保护和开发水平差距很大，有些品种不仅得到合理保护，而且还从开发中获得经济效益，也有些品种，而且是国家著名的地方良… 相似文献
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《江西畜牧兽医杂志》2014,(2):7-7
<正>日前,农业部发布第2061号公告,结合第二次全国畜禽遗传资源调查结果,对《国家级畜禽遗传资源保护名录》(农业部公告第662号)进行了修订,确定八眉猪等159个畜禽品种为国家级畜禽遗传资源保护品种。我省有7个畜禽品种名列其中,分别为玉山黑猪、乐平猪、白耳黄鸡、丝羽乌骨鸡、吉安红毛鸭、兴国灰鹅、中蜂。其中,乐平猪、吉安红毛鸭是新列入名录的品种。国家级畜禽遗传资源保护名录,是农业部为重点保护原产我国的珍贵、稀有、濒危的畜禽遗传资源而制 相似文献
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安义瓦灰鸡的形成、现状与开发利用研究建议 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
我国是世界上畜禽资源最多的国家之一.有关资料报道,我国现存的畜禽品种达596个,其中列入国家级保护名录的87个,家禽品种是我国畜禽资源的主要部分,品种总数达165个,其多样性丰富是其它任何国家所不及的.这些资源的价值在最近的几年中已不断显现,随着畜禽育种技术的进步和生活水平的提高,家禽资源的利用将进一步增加,拥有资源就是拥有未来已成为不争的共识.保护资源和开发资源是畜牧工作者的应有责任.2002年8月我们在江西省的品种资源调查中,发现了江西省安义县及周边县市的部分地区饲养一种羽毛颜色像盖屋子用的大瓦的灰色的小型地方家禽资源--安义瓦灰鸡.该资源不仅具有特殊的遗传性状,同时发现类似于乌骨鸡的药用价值.根据本次调查结果,查阅安义县有关资料,结合近两年的研究结果,现将资源的有关情况报道如下. 相似文献
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《江西畜牧兽医杂志》2012,(4):3-3
<正>农业部调查显示,我国畜禽资源总体下降趋势仍未得到有效遏制,几十个地方品种处于濒危状态。农业部副部长高鸿宾表示,近年来我国畜禽遗传资源保护与开发利用取得积极成果,地方畜禽品种500多个,一些地方品种经过保护和选育,生产性能显著提高,但畜禽资源依然呈现下降趋势。 相似文献
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To get an impression of the presence of pathogens in multi-aged flocks of old fancy chicken breeds in the Netherlands, plasma samples originating from 24 flocks were examined for antibodies against 17 chicken pathogens. These flocks were housed mainly in the centre and east of the Netherlands, regions with a high poultry density. The owners of the tested flocks showed their chicken at national and international poultry exhibitions. Antibodies against Avian Influenza, Egg Drop Syndrome '76 virus, Pox virus, Salmonella pullorum/gallinarum, Salmonella Enteritidis or Salmonella Typhimurium were not detected. However, antibodies against other Salmonella species, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, infectious bursal disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, avian encephalomyelitis virus, chicken anaemia virus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, and avian leukosis virus, subgroups A and B, and subgroup J were detected in a varying proportion of the flocks. This study shows that antibodies against many chicken pathogens are present among the flocks of old fancy chicken breeds that are exhibited at international poultry exhibitions. 相似文献
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枞阳黑猪系江海型猪,是枞阳县独有的一个地方资源品种,具有肉质好、繁殖率高、耐粗饲、抗病力强等优良特性。2009年入选安徽省畜禽品种志,被确定为省级畜禽遗传资源保护品种。但近年来,由于外来瘦肉型猪种带来的冲击、保护经费不足和散养户的快速退出等原因,枞阳黑猪遗传资源严重退化,纯种数量急剧下降,保种工作刻不容缓。 相似文献
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为了了解安徽省合肥地区家禽禽流感免疫及带毒情况,2011年4—8月,在合肥地区家禽交易市场,采集不同来源、不同品种家禽的血清和同份棉拭子样品（咽喉、泄殖腔双份）603份（实测589份）,分别进行高致病性禽流感免疫抗体和病原学检测,结果表明,全部样品平均免疫抗体合格率为70.80%。对监测结果进行分析发现,不同品种、不同养殖规模、不同月份的高致病性禽流感免疫抗体存在差异,其中,蛋鸡、种鸡高致病性禽流感免疫抗体合格率达80%以上,而肉鸡及水禽的免疫抗体水平则较差;饲养规模在1000羽以上的养禽场家禽高致病性禽流感平均免疫抗体合格率均达到70%以上,而饲养规模在1000羽以下的养禽场和农村散养家禽免疫抗体合格率分别为27.45%和32.84%,尚未达到农业部规定标准;在6月采集的样品,其平均免疫合格率偏低,其他月份差异不显著。病原学检测结果表明,全部检测样品高致病性禽流感病原检测结果均为阴性。 相似文献
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A critical review of the value of genetic distance studies in conservation of animal genetic resources 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
J. Ruane 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》1999,116(5):317-323
There has been a veritable explosion of projects in recent years aiming to calculate genetic distances between domesticated breeds of animals and the number of such projects is still increasing. The extent of this can be appreciated by a glance at the recent proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Animal Genetics (ISAG 1998). All domesticated species are being targeted, using breeds from both developed and developing countries and projects are now almost exclusively based on microsatellite marker loci. Although the goal in a few cases is to provide insights into the history of animal domestication (see, for example, M ac H ugh et al. 1997; L au et al. 1998), the most common justification for genetic distancing projects is their importance for helping the decision-makers to identify genetically unique breeds so that they may be prioritized for breed conservation purposes (e.g. H all and B radley 1995; M oazami -G uodarzi et al. 1997; C rawford and L ittlejohn 1998). On a world-wide basis there are roughly 3000 breeds and breed varieties of the seven major mammalian species – cattle, pig, sheep, goat, horse, donkey and buffalo (FAO 1995). Of those with population data, 23% are either endangered or critical (FAO 1995). In addition, in the current century it is estimated that at least 600 breeds have been lost (H all and R uane 1993). On the poultry side, the picture is even worse as over half the breeds of the five major species (chicken, domestic duck, muscovy duck, goose and turkey) are thought to be endangered or critical (FAO 1995). At the same time, there is often a lack of even the most rudimentary information on many of these breeds. Basic phenotypic data, including approximate figures for population sizes, are currently available on only 50% of the world’s animal genetic resources (AGR) (H ammond 1998). There is therefore an urgent need to act now to prevent the rapid erosion of AGR. This is especially true for breeds in developing countries, where many will be lost without ever having been adequately characterized or studied (K& ouml ; hler -R ollefson 1997). However, resources (both in terms of available manpower and finances) are limited in this area and appropriate use of these resources is therefore of vital importance. Given the large amount of current activity in the area of genetic distancing of domestic breeds, the aim of this article is to critically examine the value that genetic distance projects have for breed conservation. 相似文献
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对我国家禽遗传资源保存和利用的几点建议 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文在当前经济、文化背景下，对我国家禽遗传资源保存和利用的状况，进行了分析，从优化家禽保护方向，合理利用地方家禽品种资源及充分借助现代生物学技术等方面提出了对我国家禽遗传资源进行合理保存与利用的建议。 相似文献
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为了解禽白血病(avian leukemia, AL)在中国进口品种鸡群中的感染状况,2008年12月至2010年6月,在4个省市各选择1个进口品种鸡场进行禽白血病流行病学调查。此次调查共涉及4个场、5个品种、不同代次、不同生长阶段的115个鸡群共计7000余份样品,分别采集泄殖腔拭子进行p27抗原的检测和血清中的J抗体、A/B抗体的检测。结果表明,中国进口品种鸡群中存在不同程度的ALV-J亚群、ALV-A/B亚群感染,J抗体阳性率普遍高于A/B抗体阳性率,且肉鸡品种的J抗体阳性率高于蛋鸡品种;此外,本次调查结果还显示,产蛋初期的鸡群p27抗原阳性率和J抗体阳性率较高。 相似文献
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随着人民生活水平的提高,饮食消费需求加大,畜禽养殖业得以迅速发展,随之而来的是国内饲料资源尤其是蛋白资源变得更加紧缺。在国外蛋白原料产量高、价格低的情况下,中国饲料业生产过度依赖进口,为了促进国内外饲料贸易的均衡发展,同时降低饲料成本,优化饲料生产结构,寻找和开发新型蛋白饲料资源是目前养殖业亟需解决的艰巨任务之一。昆虫是一种生产资源,其蛋白质含量丰富,可替代部分蛋白饲料资源,如今昆虫饲料资源化逐渐成为研究热点。黑水虻作为一种应用前景广阔的资源型昆虫,具有繁殖快、食性杂、抗逆性强等特点,富含蛋白质、脂肪,并含有抗菌肽、甲壳素、月桂酸等活性物质,常应用于养殖生产。黑水虻替代饲粮中的蛋白质原料能够提高家禽生产性能、改善产品品质和肠道健康、增强机体免疫功能,且有对家禽粪便进行资源化利用等作用。作者综述了黑水虻的生物学特性、营养特性及其对家禽生产应用的影响,以期为黑水虻的进一步资源化开发利用及其在家禽生产中的作用机理及标准化应用研究提供参考依据。 相似文献
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Scavenging chicken production in Africa is important for the livelihood of the poor. In most countries, these low inputs,
low output systems employ local breeds making use of the feeding resources available in the household. However, their replacement
with introduced exotic breeds with higher productivities represents a risk for their conservation. Here, we present a simulation
model to evaluate the impact of community-based interventions aiming to improve the profitability of local chicken breeds
and promote their use and conservation. The results indicate that under the current conditions, farmers producing exotic chicken
are able to sell more animals in a one year period; however the market price of local chicken makes their production more
profitable. Vaccination campaigns significantly reduce the mortality rate of both breeds, having a positive effect on producers’
income but its impact on animal off-take is larger for exotic breeds, and the availability of feeding resources is the limiting
factor as the flock size increases. The results of the intervention are positive in terms of increasing farmers’ income but
do not clearly contribute to the conservation of indigenous breeds since after the vaccination campaign, the gap between the
profitability of indigenous and exotic breeds is reduced. The simulation model indicates that under the current conditions,
the conservation of indigenous chicken breeds in Benin is maintained by the existence of distinct niche markets with consumers
able to pay higher prices for indigenous chicken. Policies for the conservation of chicken genetic resources in Benin are
discussed. 相似文献