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1.
The variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum , the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in salmonid fish, was studied by infecting rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with two isolates (strains 325 and 932) from diseased Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and one isolate (strain 4366) from an apparently healthy Atlantic salmon. Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), were injected with the strain 932 to estimate difference in fish species resistance. Fish were removed by random sampling for other study purposes, a study design possible with analysis of lifetime distributions incorporating both sampling-, death- and survival-times. At the end of the experiment, the rainbow trout infected with strains 325, 932 and 4366 had a survival probability of 33%, 51% and 72%, respectively. The coho salmon infected with strain 932 had a 26% survival probability. The strain differences were significant according to the log-rank test, and the risk ratio between the strains ranged from 1·8 to 5·4. The strain from the apparently healthy fish was least virulent. The survival of the fish species was different over time. Rainbow trout were more likely to die early in the time course, but high numbers of coho died later, resulting in an overall risk of mortality of 1·4 in favour of rainbow trout. Differences in virulence may reflect changed selective pressure on R. salmoninarum when introduced from feral stocks into the environment of fish farms. 相似文献
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《水生生物资源》2003,16(5):461-465
Anti-proteinase activity was demonstrated in the seminal plasma of cyprinid fish species (bream, chub, ide, dace, asp, goldfish, roach, common carp) using electrophoretic techniques combined with a detection method based on inhibition of bovine trypsin. We found species-specific protease inhibitors in the seminal plasma of cyprinids. At least three bands of protease inhibitors with different migration rates could be identified by native PAGE. Higher variability was characterized for bands with slower migration rates. Visualization of inhibitors after SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions allowed estimation of their molecular weights. Apparent molecular weights were within the range of 51–59 and 47–54 kDa for the bands with slower and moderate migration rates, respectively. The molecular weight of fast migration bands for roach and common carp were estimated to 23 and 30 kDa, respectively. Inhibitors of common carp seminal plasma differed in their affinity toward serine proteases. Three inhibitors in common carp seminal plasma could be visualized using cod and bovine trypsin, but only two inhibitors (of high molecular weight) were recognized with chymotrypsin. There were differences in anti-proteinase activity and seminal plasma protein concentration in relation to the origin of common carp seminal plasma (breeding lines) and time of milt collection (spawning vs. post-spawning season). 相似文献
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猪的胎盘属于弥散型胎盘,这种胎盘的结构特点和饲养管理的不当,常常导致母猪胎衣不下发生,给生猪的生产繁殖带来极大损失。本文针对母猪胎衣不下发生病因、综合防治进行详细阐述,旨在对预防和治疗胎衣不下能有所帮助。 相似文献
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Peter Howgate 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(5):516-532
It is well-established in fish technology that freshness should be measured primarily by sensory procedures, though considerable effort has been expended in looking for nonsensory alternatives. A variety of methods for sensory evaluation of freshness has been described and this historical review traces developments of these methods. Much of the source material derives from the research literature such as research journals and reports of research, and the use of sensory methods in commercial quality control has scarcely been documented. There is a brief discussion of possible future developments in sensory evaluation of freshness. 相似文献
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利用中国台风网"CMA-STI热带气旋最佳路径资料数据"和多卫星遥感观测资料,本文对2011年09号梅花台风、2011年06号马鞍台风和2012年10号达维台风在发展过程对中国江苏近海海域海温的影响进行了分析与探讨,并辅助以沿岸的海温实测资料进行对比验证,借此提高对近海海域上层海洋物理环境对台风响应的认识。分析结果表明,台风对近海SST的影响程度与台风自身强度和台风的移动路径密切相关,近海SST降低区域一般位于台风路径的右侧,最大SST降低一般滞后台风中心两天或一天。当台风在远海活动并靠近江苏近海时,江苏近海海域SST略有上升;当台风进入江苏近海时,近海海域SST大幅降低;登陆台风在登陆后近海才出现最大降温。 相似文献
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在基础饲料中添加0.5%的壳聚糖,采用3种不同的投喂方式(方式A:连续投喂基础饲料,对照组;方式B:连续投喂添加0.5%壳聚糖的饲料,连续组;方式C:先投喂0.5%壳聚糖饲料再投喂基础饲料且每15天间隔投喂,不连续组)饲喂初始体重(19.46±0.04)g的草鱼60d后,对草鱼进行饥饿胁迫处理[各投喂方式分为投喂组(feeding,F)和饥饿组(starvation,S)],以生长、一氧化氮(nitrogenoxide,NO)含量和溶菌酶(lysozyme,LSZ)活性为指标考察壳聚糖不同投喂方式对草鱼抗饥饿胁迫处理的能力。结果显示,(1)连续组和不连续组60d时草鱼增长率和增重率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),15d饥饿处理后也呈现投喂组和饥饿组的增长率和增重率高于对照组的趋势(P>0.05);(2)对照组头肾、肝胰脏NO含量和血清、头肾溶菌酶活性饥饿组显著高于投喂组(P<0.05),连续组除头肾外NO含量和各组织溶菌酶活性饥饿组显著低于投喂组(P<0.05)或与投喂组无显著差异(P>0.05),不连续组除脾脏外NO含量和除肝胰脏外的溶菌酶活性饥饿组显著低于投喂组(P<0.05)或与投喂组无显著差异(P>0... 相似文献
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头足类耳石微化学研究进展 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
耳石是位于平衡囊内起平衡作用的一对钙化组织,它是头足类的加速度感应器,记录其生命周期内的生物和生态信息。随着鱼类耳石微化学研究及应用的日趋成熟与完善,头足类耳石的相应研究也逐渐兴起。目前头足类耳石微化学的研究内容主要包括无机和有机大分子、微量元素、同位素、微化学标记等方面,其中微量元素是应用研究的重点,在头足类种群识别、生活史分析及栖息环境重建等方面发挥了重要作用。分析认为,头足类微量元素在与栖息环境尤其水温关系的研究中取得了很好的结果,被认为是测定头足类生活水温的温度计。然而,涉及种群识别、生活史分析以及与盐度和食物关系的研究还不够充分,且多集中于Sr/Ca的研究。因此,建议在今后的研究中要综合多种研究方法按时间和空间序列从日轮水平分析多种微量元素的含量与变化。 相似文献
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本实验对虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄的营养成分进行分析,旨在探讨其幼体的营养需求量,为其幼体配合饲料研制提供参考数据。随机选取大约800个虎斑乌贼受精卵的卵黄,采用国家标准方法测定其水分、灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素含量。结果表明:1)虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄中粗蛋白质含量为76.33%(干重基础);总氨基酸(TAA)和必需氨基酸(EAA)含量分别为71.22%和32.38%(干重基础),EAA/TAA为45.46%,氨基酸中以谷氨酸(Glu)含量最高(9.97%),必需氨基酸中亮氨酸(Leu)含量最高(7.58%)。2)其粗脂肪含量12.71%(干重基础);共检出17种脂肪酸,包括8种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、5种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和4种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),SFA、MUFA和PUFA分别占脂肪酸总量的43.47%、7.54%和49.25%,其中以DHA含量最高,达32.80%,EPA含量为7.70%,DHA/EPA为4.26。3)检测出Na、K、Ca、Mg、Sr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Al和As 矿物元素,微量元素中富含Zn、Al和Fe,含量分别为 0.77、0.71和0.43 mg/kg(鲜重基础)。由此可见,卵黄具有高蛋白、低脂肪,富含n-3PUFA的特点;虎斑乌贼幼体饲料中蛋白质需求量参考值为76.33%;氨基酸需求量参考值,如赖氨酸(Lys)为5.49%,蛋氨酸(Met)为2.63%;脂肪的需求量参考值为12.71%,DHA为4.17%,EPA为0.98%;微量元素需求量参考值,如Zn为2.77 mg/kg,Cu为0.19 mg/kg(干重基础)。 相似文献
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该研究通过肉眼观察、镜检,进行干露、饥饿、盐度突降、福尔马林等抗性试验,并采用病毒检测等方法,以期建立评估斑节对虾（Penaeus monodon）虾苗活力和质量标准。结果表明,斑节对虾健康虾苗具有趋光性、集群性,体表光洁,肌肉透亮,肠胃食物充盈等特性。测试虾苗干露时间以15min为宜,健康虾苗干露后能立即恢复活力,而病弱虾苗多出现死亡、昏迷现象;虾苗的成活率随饥饿时间的延长而降低,随福尔马林浓度升高和时间延长而降低,随盐度突降幅度增加而降低。健康虾苗能忍受100～200μL·L^-1福尔马林溶液30min,成活率近100％;在盐度20～30下虾苗的成活情况较好,而其在淡水中仅能存活1h。对虾苗进行病毒检测,可以避免养殖中因虾苗携带病毒而可能导致的病毒性疾病的暴发。 相似文献
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鱼类热忍耐温度研究进展 总被引：25，自引：1，他引：25
The paper is a review of the studies on the temperature of the thermal tolerance in fishes. It was described from four aspect: (1) The key parameters of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (2) The influence factors of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (3) The research methods of thermal effect of fishes; (4) The evaluation of effects of thermal pollution on fishes, especially, with the coastal power station will be‘built in China recent years, the effects of thermal discharge water on the marine fisheries resource wered iscussed. 相似文献
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T. K. Banerjee 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2007,33(4):441-454
Air-breathing fishes have evolved bimodal respiratory mechanisms for exploitation of water (through gills and highly vascularized
skin) as well as atmospheric air (through aerial respiratory organs, ABO). Mucous cells in these respiratory organs of variously
stressed fishes exhibit periodic fluctuations in their density and staining properties. The main types of damage in the gills
include congestion of blood capillaries (BLCs), periodic lifting and sloughing of respiratory epithelia of the secondary lamellae
causing haemorrhage, extensive fusion of secondary lamellae and hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia due to uncontrolled
regeneration leading to asphyxiation, altered excretion, and death of the fish. Haemolysis has also been observed following
lead exposure. The damage in the ABO of Heteropneustes fossilis includes sloughing of the epithelial cells, leading to haemorrhage causing decreased red blood corpuscles density and degeneration
of the secondary gill lamellae with reduced respiratory area. Subsequent hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia and fusion
of gill lamellae increase the respiratory barrier distance. The BLCs often bulge out and protrude into the lumen, bringing
blood nearer to air. The ladder-like pillar cell (PLC)-BLC components of the gill lamellae frequently collapse. Damage to
the ABO of Channa striata is less severe. Often haemorrhaging due to bursting of extensively stretched BLCs causes aerial respiratory failure. Chloride
cells of the ABOs also show hyperplasia. While the highly mucogenic epidermis of C. striata shows less damage, the epidermis of Clarias batrachus and H. fossilis shows severe wear and tear, sloughing, and haemorrhage. Side-by-side regeneration continues, causing altered histomorphology
of the epidermis. The different gland cells also show periodic fluctuations in their density and staining. The dermis also
shows severe damage with loosening of their connective tissue fibres. These fibres give stronger reactions for sulfated mucin
that not only retain additional water molecules for continuance of skin breathing, but also bind the toxic ambient pollutants. 相似文献
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在虾夷扇贝人工育苗中,积温是衡量亲贝成熟程度的重要标志。试验表明,当4℃以上的有效积温达到80．6～85.3℃时是人工采卵的最佳时机,可取得最佳的育苗效果 相似文献
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K^ 是对海洋底栖无脊椎动物幼虫诱导普遍有效的无机离子。本文探讨了K^ 对红海胆等9种胆的变态诱导效果，分析了其安全使用浓度、处理时间等技术。对有关因子对变态率的影响进行了对比。 相似文献
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<正> 骨条藻是投喂对虾溞状幼体的优质饵料,在骨条藻的培育过程中,由于施肥和骨条藻生理代谢的结果,使藻液含有较多量的有毒物质,其中亚硝酸态氮素含量的变化是比较明显的。然而 NO_2-N 对对虾幼体的毒性是比较大的,因此掌握骨条藻培育池水NO_2-N 含量的变化规律,在投喂之前严格处理藻液则可以有效地避免 NO_2-N 对虾苗的毒性,提高溞状幼体期虾苗的成活率。笔者于1988～1989年先后在深圳、湛江、海康等地骨条藻生产性培育中,对其生产性池NO_2-N 的含量变化进行了多方面的测定,现将其结果报告于后。 相似文献
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进一步研究谷氨酰胺(Gln)在促进肠道发育、免疫功能,提高机体对创伤、感染等应激状态下的适应性方面的作用机理,本试验选择1日龄艾维因肉仔鸡160只,按公母均分的原则随机分成4组,各处理组环磷酰胺注射剂量为4mg/kg,免疫抑制于试验第三周进行。Ⅰ组为对照组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组为试验组分别在基础日粮的基础上添加质量分数为0.1%、0.2%、0.4%的Gln进行饲喂,建立谷氨酰胺对环磷酰胺免疫抑制艾维因肉仔鸡调节作用的动物模型,测定机体空肠指数、绒毛直径和固有膜厚度,为Gln在生产上促进肉仔鸡肠道发育、预防免疫抑制及抵抗应激损伤作用提供依据。 相似文献
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中华鳖群体DNA指纹分析中的RAPD技术优化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以中华鳖(Pelodiscus Sinensis)4种不同区域代表性群体黄河鳖、太湖鳖、台湾鳖和日本鳖为研究材料,采用不同反应条件(如退火温度和循环次数等)对RAPD扩增技术进行了优化研究,结果表明,在条件优化后(退火温度为38℃,循环次数为40次)有20个RAPD引物在4个群体中均有扩增条带,其中随机引物S105能将黄河鳖群体和太湖鳖、台湾鳖、日本鳖群体区分开;随机引物S327能将日本鳖群体鉴别出来;而随机引物S474可将台湾鳖群体与其他群体分开.由此表明,退火温度和循环次数的优化有利于中华鳖RAPD鉴定技术的建立.本研究旨在为中华鳖的种质鉴定与保护提供技术支撑. 相似文献
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