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1.
运用石蜡切片技术和扫描电镜技术对稀有鮈鲫(Gobiocypris rarus)鳃结构进行观察,并采用浓度为2 mg/L的Cd Cl_2水溶液对稀有鮈鲫进行急性毒理实验。结果显示:稀有鮈鲫具4对鳃,由鳃耙、鳃弓、鳃丝及鳃小片组成。鳃的各个部位表面均有上皮细胞覆盖;鳃耙和鳃弓具味蕾,鳃弓上还具不同类型的黏液细胞;相邻鳃小片的上皮细胞间也分布有黏液细胞,在鳃小片基部有氯细胞着生。鳃丝表面有不规则凹陷和微嵴,具沟、坑、孔等结构;鳃小片两面均呈凹凸状。在2 mg/L的Cd Cl_2水溶液暴露下,鳃受到损伤,发生鳃小片充血呈球状,鳃上皮水肿、脱落,黏液细胞增多等现象;并随时间延长受损程度加重。 相似文献
2.
3.
对苏氏Mang鲶鳃结构进行扫描和透射电镜观察。Mang鲶鳃丝末端膨大呈杓状结构，每一鳃丝两侧具有许多呈褶状的鳃小片，相邻两鳃丝上的鳃小片紧密镶嵌排列。鳃弓和鳃耙表面分布众多味蕾。鳃丝呼吸面上皮细胞薄，高度血管化，形成呼吸面隆起，非呼吸面由微脊细胞彼此相连，间缝具分泌细胞开口。鳃小片由单层或数层外上皮细胞和由基膜相隔的柱状细胞及其围在血管腔的凸缘构成，氯细胞多分布在鳃小片基部，并有开口通外，还探讨了Mang鲶鳃丝和鳃小片特殊的结构与功能。 相似文献
4.
Evaluations of histopathological lesions in gill tissue were carried out in the freshwater fish Macropsobrycon uruguayanae following 30 and 60 days of exposure to 1.5 mg 1-1 of cadmium. The study was conducted on both fed and starved animals in order to determine the influence of feeding condition on cadmium toxicity. The main lesions observed and quantified were: (1) hyperplasia of primary lamellar epithelium; (2) hyperplasia of secondary lamellar epithelium; (3) separation of respiratory epithelium; (4) shortening of secondary lamellae; (5) epithelial necrosis; (6) fusion of adjacent secondary lamellae; (7) hypertrophy of respiratory epithelium; (8) lamellar telangiectasis; (9) hyperplasia of chloride cells; (10) mucinous metaplasia; and (11) inflammatory infiltration. Lesions 6, 8, 9 and 11 were only induced by exposure to cadmium, while lesion 4 could be produced only by starvation. Starved fish also showed a reduction in total body weight and length. Lesion 2 was shown to be non-specific, and produced by either cadmium, starvation or even exposure time. The possible mode of action of the experimental factors are discussed in relation to the observed pathologies. 相似文献
5.
Histopathological changes of Cichlidogyrus philander Douëllou, 1993 on the gills of Pseudocrenilabrus philander (Weber, 1897) were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. Observations revealed that C. philander attaches to its host by alternating the prohaptor (for temporary attachment or feeding) or haptor (using haptoral parts for firm and secured attachment). The sharp terminal ends of the anchors are inserted basally into the gill lamella, between two adjacent secondary gill lamellae and the marginal hooklets assist by superficially penetrating, holding and lifting epithelial tissue in the proximal region of the secondary gill lamella. The attachment of C. philander resulted in compression, rupturing of the interlamellar epithelium, change in the organization of epithelial cells in both primary and secondary gill lamella, displacement of the extracellular cartilaginous matrix, occasional rupturing of blood vessels and erythrocytes and some cells becoming ill-defined. At the site of attachment, the host response comprises of hyperplasia, increase in the number of mucous cells and infiltration with neutrophils. It was concluded that the effect of C. philander is mild in natural conditions. 相似文献
6.
急性和慢性低氧胁迫对卵形鲳鲹鳃器官的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章研究了窒息点以上的低氧胁迫对卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)鱼体鳃器官的影响,在常温条件下对(32.84±3.99)g的卵形鲳鲹进行了急性(0 h、3 h、6 h、12 h、24 h)和慢性(14 d)的低氧胁迫实验,采用常规石蜡切片和H-E染色以及电子显微技术,观察低氧胁迫对卵形鲳鲹鳃器官的影响。结果显示,卵形鲳鲹在急性低氧胁迫下鳃小片上皮肿胀和抬升;慢性低氧胁迫下随着时间延长,鳃小片上皮细胞与鳃小片分离,鳃呼吸表面积增加。结果表明低氧胁迫对卵形鲳鲹鳃器官具有较大影响,而且慢性胁迫的影响大于急性胁迫。 相似文献
7.
V. E. Ostland P. J. Byrne J. S. Lumsden D. D. MacPhee J. A. Derksen M. Haulena K. Skar E. Myhr H. W. Ferguson 《Journal of fish diseases》1999,22(5):351-358
An unusual form of bacterial gill disease (BGD) was identified which affected five species of cultured salmonids from Canada (i.e. rainbow trout, chinook salmon and Atlantic salmon), Norway (i.e. brown trout) and Chile (i.e. coho salmon). All outbreaks occurred at low water temperatures (< 10 °C) and with clinical presentations distinct from classical BGD, which is caused by Flavobacterium branchiophilum. In contrast to classical BGD, fish did not show marked respiratory distress with flaring of the opercula, the animals did not orientate at the surface of the water column near inflow water or at the margins of the tanks, and the feed response of the fish was varied. While mortality was increased, it was not precipitous as in classical BGD. Eight outbreaks were examined in greater detail using histopathology, scanning electron microscopy, bacteriology and immunohistochemistry. Large numbers of small bacterial rods were seen adhering to the lamellar epithelium of affected gills from all outbreaks. Histologically, the lamellar epithelium appeared swollen, often with evidence of single cell degeneration and exfoliation. In more severe instances, the formation of lamellar synechiae was seen, usually associated with sequestration of bacteria between fused lamellae. By contrast with typical BGD, overt epithelial hyperplasia, lamellar fusion and filamental clubbing were not common sequelae to infection; instead, the end result was shortened and somewhat stubby lamellae covered with swollen epithelial cells. The predominant bacterium recovered from affected gills was a small, Gram-negative, motile, fluorescent pigment-producing rod that shared phenotypic characteristics with Pseudomonas fluorescens. Polyclonal antisera prepared against three representative isolates indicated a weak antigenic similarity among them. Immunohistochemistry corroborated this finding, in that the antisera reacted strongly with gill sections containing the homologous bacteria, but not against morphologically similar bacteria in heterologous sections. A Gram-negative, yellow pigmented bacterium (YPB), identified as Flavobacterium psychrophilum, was also recovered, but only from the gills in the Ontario outbreaks. Antiserum prepared against this YPB indicated an antigenic similarity among isolates recovered from the Ontario outbreaks, but immunohistochemistry failed to recognize antigenically related bacteria on the gills of fish from the other outbreaks. Based on the unusual clinical presentation and the histopathological appearance of the gills, in conjunction with the absence of filamentous bacteria associated with and recovered from affected gills, the present authors have called this condition ‘atypical bacterial gill disease’ or ABGD. 相似文献
8.
壬基酚对1月龄泥鳅的急性毒性及鳃、肝脏组织学损伤研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究壬基酚(Nonylphenol,NP)对淡水鱼类幼鱼的急性毒性及相关组织的损伤效应,选取平均体质量6.0 g、平均体长9.2 cm的1月龄泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)为受试材料,检测壬基酚对幼鱼的急性毒性效应,按等对数间距法,将NP设置为1.69、1.95、2.25、2.60、3.00 mg/L共计5个浓度处理组进行急性毒性实验,同时设置空白对照组,每组设3个平行样,每个样投放10条泥鳅,观察NP对泥鳅鳃、肝脏组织结构的损伤变化,并统计半致死浓度和安全浓度。结果表明,壬基酚对1月龄泥鳅24、48、72、96 h的半致死质量浓度分别为3.722、2.939、2.466、2.175 mg/L,安全浓度为0.550 mg/L。组织学切片观察显示,壬基酚高浓度处理使泥鳅鳃小片细胞脱落严重,鳃小片变细;泥鳅肝脏细胞出现空泡、肿大、核脱落等现象,细胞间隙变大,边界模糊。实验表明,壬基酚属于高毒性酚类污染物,对1月龄泥鳅的毒性作用随着暴露浓度增加、作用时间的延长而增强,在高剂量暴露下可造成泥鳅鳃和肝脏组织的严重损伤。 相似文献
9.
Abstract. The tidewater silverside, Menidia beryllina, and the hogchoker, Trinectes maculatus, were exposed to south Louisiana whole crude oil (WCO) and its water-soluble fractions (WSF) to assess histopathological effects on their gills, olfactory organ, and liver. Both fishes were exposed to 5 mg WCO/1, 100 mg WCO/1, 5% WSF, and 50% WSF. Additionally, M. beryllina was exposed to 100 mg WCO/1 with 20 ppm Terramycin® to study possible complications caused by bacteria. Exposure of M. beryllina lasted 21-30 days, whereas experiments using T. maculatus continued for 38-60 days. Pathological changes in M. beryllina appeared by day 7 and became severe as experiments progressed to day 30. Histological alterations in the silverside included epithelial hyperplasia and fusion of gill lamellae, separation of respiratory epithelium from underlying tissue, hyperplasia of sustentacular cells of olfactory lamellae, necrosis of both neurosensory and sustentacular epithelium, extensive lipid vacuolation in hepatocytes, and atrophy and necrosis of intrahepatic exocrine pancreatic nodules. Of the tissues examined, the pancreas served as the most specific pathological indicator of oil pollution. In T. maculatus, hepatocytes of exposed individuals did not become vacuolated, and, except for gills exposed to 100 mg WCO/1, response by gills in the other three tests remained limited to slight hyperplasia. Olfactory mucosa of the hogchoker exhibited severe necrosis of both neurosensory and sustentacular cells in the high concentrations of oil, but no damage in low concentrations. The intrahepatic pancreas of fish exposed to all test-concentrations atrophied and became necrotic by the end of experiments. Limited studies using both Terramycin and a combination of Terramycin and WCO indicated lack of bacterial involvement in tissue damage in oil-exposed silverside, but the size of hepatic nuclei increased in the Terramycin-control fish, and the shape of lipid vacuoles appeared unusual subsequent to exposure to the combination. Menidia beryllina became hyperactive and refrained from feeding for up to 6 h after the initial administration of oil, whereas T. maculatus apparently never fed, and it exhibited hyperactivity after all exchanges of sea water and fresh oil. Deaths appeared to correspond both to degree of pathological damage and to exposure-concentrations. Partial to complete recovery was observed in gills, olfactory organ, and pancreas of M. beryllina exposed to WCO or WSF for 20 days and then maintained in oil-free sea water for 17 days. 相似文献
10.
Adult and preadult Dissonus manteri attached to the gills of Plectropomus leopardus cause significant pathology in the form of large hyperplastic nodules on the afferent (leading) edges of gill filaments. Nodules result from the dual actions of parasite attachment and feeding. The host response is characterized by severe epithelial hyperplasia, supplemented by fibroplasia and inflammation. Parasites attach close to the gill arch near the base of filaments. They have little effect on gill vasculature as the maxillipeds penetrate the filament superficial to the efferent filament artery and do not interfere with the blood vessels of the secondary lamellae. Tissue proliferation is limited to the wide portion of filament 'edge' epithelium in the proximal third and also does not extend to the secondary lamellae. Nodules are most numerous towards the ends of hemibranchs and are generally absent from the central regions. Leading hemibranchs bear significantly more nodules than their trailing counterparts. Of the total number of nodules, 20.5% are located on the pseudobranchs. Distribution patterns are considered to be primarily the result of D. manteri avoiding strong water currents, although this cannot explain the difference between numbers on leading and trailing hemibranchs. 相似文献
11.
Abstract. The normally free-living amoeba Paramoeba sp. is associated with epithelial hyperplasia on the gills of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in Tasmania. Gill-attached paramoebae were significantly larger than cultured ones. Unlike cultured paramoebae, gill-attached ones had small electron-dense, cytoplasmic deposits and small surface projections at the host-parasite interface. Examination of sequential samples of Tasmanian salmon gills from spring to summer indicated that pathological changes in the gill filaments were associated only with the presence of Paramoeba ; the parasite was also associated with necrosis of surface epithelial cells, and cytoplasmic processes passed into and between surface cells of hyperplastic gill epithelium. The evidence points to the paramoebae as primary opportunistic pathogens causing mechanical and possibly chemical damage. Based on size and ultrastructure, the Paramoeba sp. most closely resembles P. pemaquidensis Page. 相似文献
12.
An amoeba associated with a severe gill disease affecting farmed turbot, characterized by pronounced hyperplasia of the branchial epithelia and accumulation of mucus between the secondary lamellae, is described for the first time. The amoeba was isolated, cloned and cultured on Bactoagar. Light microscopy showed that trophozoites had a mean length of 12 μm (range 8–20 μm), with a nucleus 3–5 μm in diameter containing a large central nucleolus 1–3 μm in diameter. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the mitochondria, Golgi bodies, rough endoplasmic reticulum, microfilaments, cytoplasmic microtubules and glycocalyx were similar to those previously reported for the genus Platyamoeba. These and other findings strongly suggest that the amoeba isolated is of the genus Platyamoeba, while its morphometric characteristics suggest that it may represent a new species. This is the first report of a species of the genus Platyamoeba in association with gill disease in turbot. 相似文献
13.
Abstract. Brown trout gills were examined after exposure to different aluminium concentrations (50, 200,500μg/1) at pH 5.5 and 7.0 for up to 6 weeks. The influence of humus (Pt 0, Pt 20) and water temperature (2.5°C, 15°C) was recorded. The gill structure was studied by light, scanning and transmission microscopy, together with a complementary morphometric analysis of centrally located secondary lamellae. Low water temperature (2.5°C) resulted in advanced gill lesions after exposure to aluminium at pH 5.5. The lesions were characterized by enlargement of the secondary lamellae due to an increased number of chloride cells in the epithelia. Furthermore, the chloride cells contained cytoplasmic aluminium precipitates. Addition of humus (Pt20) or increased pH (7.0) reduced or inhibited the effects of aluminium on the gills. A high water temperature (15°C) reduced the early gill lesions observed after exposure to water at 2.5°C. Prolonged exposure to a temperature of 15°C resulted in alterations in the gill structure in all groups, including the control group. 相似文献
14.
Acute lion's mane jellyfish,Cyanea capillata (Cnideria: Scyphozoa), exposure to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Jellyfish‐induced gill pathology relies upon occasional diagnostic observations yet the extent and impact of jellyfish blooms on aquaculture may be significant. Idiopathic gill lesions are often observed in apparently healthy fish. This study exposed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) smolts to macerated Cyanea capillata at 2.5 and 5 g/L for 2 hr under controlled laboratory conditions. Blood chemistry and gill histopathology were examined over a subsequent 4‐week period. Fish showed an acute response to the presence of jellyfish, including characteristic external “whiplash” discoloration of the skin and acute increases in blood electrolytes and CO2 concentration; however, these were resolved within 4 days after exposure. Histopathologically, gills showed first an acute oedema with epithelial separation followed by focal haemorrhage and thrombus formation, and then progressive inflammatory epithelial hyperplasia that progressively resolved over the 4 weeks post‐exposure. Results were consistent with the envenomation of gills with cytotoxic neurotoxins and haemolysins known to be produced by C. capillata. This study suggests that many focal hyperplastic lesions on gills, especially those involving focal thrombi, may be the result of jellyfish stings. Thus, the presence of jellyfish and their impact may be severe and understated in terms of marine fish aquaculture and fish welfare. 相似文献
15.
本研究运用光学显微镜、扫描电镜以及透射电镜技术研究了南海北部黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)幼鱼和成鱼鳃的显微组织结构、鳃表面超微结构和鳃小片内部超微结构特点。结果表明, 黄鳍金枪鱼鳃丝顶端弯曲, 鳃弓、 鳃丝和鳃耙表面具有不同类型的细胞。表面超微结构研究显示黄鳍金枪鱼的鳃具有高的片层密度、独特的斜向血流模式以及鳃的融合特性, 幼鱼和成鱼鳃结构之间存在显著不同。鳃小片内部超微结构研究显示鳃扁平上皮细胞覆盖于鳃丝和鳃小片表面, 顶端存在微绒毛或微脊结构, 相对幼鱼, 成鱼具有高的细胞质密度; 离子细胞主要分布于鳃小片以及鳃小片基部, 幼鱼离子细胞顶端开口为微绒毛, 成鱼为小坑状。本研究阐明了黄鳍金枪鱼幼鱼和成鱼鳃的组织结构, 丰富了黄鳍金枪鱼鳃的基础生物学资料, 为研究高速游泳鱼类鳃的形态特征与其高速游泳习性之间的关系提供了参考。 相似文献
16.
Impact of sublethal di‐n‐butyl phthalate on the aquaculture fish species Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): histopathology and oxidative stress assessment 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Belda Erkmen A Çağlan Karasu Benli Hızlan H Ağuş Zuhal Yıldırım Ramazan Mert Figen Erkoç 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(2):675-685
Phthalates such as di‐n‐butyl phthalate (DBP) and their esters are widely used plasticizers, their ubiquitous presence in daily life, inevitably leads to their restricted use due to important environmental pollution and health impacts and endocrine disruption potential. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a sublethal concentration of 10 mg L?1 DBP on haematocrit (HCT) values, gills and liver histology, malondialdehyde (MDA, 2‐thiobarbituric acid‐TBA reactivity) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in gills and liver tissue as oxidative stress biomarkers in the aquaculture fish species Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after 24 (DBP‐24) and 96 (DBP‐96) h exposure. No differences were found between per cent HCT values in the 24 h exposure groups (P > 0.05). Response of antioxidant defence systems in liver and gill tissues of the fish were dependent on exposure duration and changed to a higher extent during 96 h. MDA levels in liver tissue increased in DBP treated fish in comparison to the control fish. However, the differences between the exposure and control groups were not significant (P > 0.05). A statistically significant decrease (P > 0.05) was recorded in gill MDA levels in the DBP‐96 group when compared to the control and DBP‐24 groups. The liver GSH levels were unchanged in the DBP treated fish. However, GSH levels were significantly lower in the gill tissue of the DBP‐96 group. Exposure to DBP caused several degenerative changes in the histology of gill and liver tissue. Gills displayed hyperaemia, epithelial lifting, oedema, talengiectasia, epithelial hyperplasia and fusion of secondary lamellae, whereas in liver several circulatory anomalies (hyperaemia, blood congestion and sinosoid dilatation) and vacuolization of hepatocytes were observed. Histopathological results demonstrated that the gills were more affected than the liver perhaps due to their direct contact with DBP. 相似文献
17.
Oxygen uptake in the Antarctic teleost Pagothenia borchgrevinki. Limitations imposed by X-cell gill disease 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Fish in a population of Pagothenia borchgrevinki in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, are affected by a gill disease (X-cell disease) which causes tissue hyperplasia that results
in a decreased gill surface area and an increased water/blood diffusion distance. P. borchgrevinki acquires 95% of its oxygen via the gills, but damage to the gills by X-cell disease did not affect this function. There was
no compensatory shift to cutaneous respiration. X-cell disease reduced the ability for oxygen uptake at low ambient PO
2 and the decreased uptake was related to the extent of the disease. O
2 max was greatly reduced in X-cell affected fish and substantially reduced their aerobic potential. This effect may impair
the ability of diseased fish to catch prey and avoid predators. 相似文献
18.
The surface binding characteristics and permeability properties of the endothelium of secondary lamellae from the gills of
several species of marine teleosts were investigated by introducing cationized ferritin and native ferritin into the microcirculation
under normal environmental conditions. Neither type of ferritin bound to the luminal surface of the gill endothelium. No transcellular
movement of cationized ferritin was detected, either via transendothelial channels or individual vesicles, nor was passage of cationized ferritin through the tight intercellular
junctions of the endothelium observed. Anionic binding sites in the endothelial basement membranes could not be identified.
Binding and transport of ferritin were unaffected by normal changes in environmental temperatures over the range of -2 to
+ 15°C. These findings suggest that the endothelial cell surface of the gills from these fishes is a primary barrier to the
extracapillary movement of blood borne constituents. 相似文献
19.
I. PAPERNA 《Journal of fish diseases》1980,3(5):363-372
Abstract. Since 1977, repeated outbreaks of infestation by Amyloodinium ocellatum (Dinoflagellida) in cultured gilthead bream Sparus aurata L. and seabass Dicen-trarchus labrax (L.) resulted in sporadic and mass mortalities. Fingerlings and yearlings as well as breeders were affected and, since 1978, larval and post-larval S. aurata in the hatchery. Infestations in juvenile and breeder fish were located predominantly on the gills and mucosal integument but in larval fish only the skin rather than the gills was infested. Histopathological changes of the infested gills are described. Vacuolar degeneration of the cells penetrated by the parasites' rhizoids was evident at the site of attachment and cloudy swelling was apparent in the surrounding epithelial cells. In heavy infestations the entire epithelium of the gill filaments underwent hyperplasia with consequent fusion of the lamellae. Where hyperplasia was extensive the cells gradually degenerated while the inner epithelial layer showed distinct spongiosis and in some cases completely disintegrated. All heavily infested gills lacked mucous cells. 相似文献
20.
Abstract. Eimeria branchiphila sp. nov. is described from the roach, Rutilus rutilus L., collected in Bulgaria. Sporulated oocysts were found in gill secondary lamellae and less frequently were associated with melano-macrophage centres in the spleen and in kidney interstitial tissue. In the gills, parasite cells identified as zygotes and sporulation stages were also encountered. This unusual site of sporulation represents a mechanism of sporocyst dispersal previously not recorded in fish coccidia. 相似文献