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为研究宽体金线蛭的人工繁殖技术,以野外采捕的宽体金线蛭成体作试验材料进行室外繁殖和室内孵化试验,统计其产茧量、空茧数、孵化率。试验结果:约5 000 kg种蛭共产卵茧351.5 kg;当种蛭投入产茧床时的土壤湿度为60 %时,产茧量达到最大值;当孵化箱的土壤湿度为40 %时,空茧数显著低于湿度为20 %、50 %、70 %的组(P<0.05),孵化率显著高于湿度20 %、50 %、70 %组(P<0.05),空茧数、孵化率与湿度30 %组差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明:宽体金线蛭人工繁殖采用室外繁殖、室内孵化的方案可行。当投入产茧床时,60 %的土壤湿度有利于种蛭钻进土壤中产茧,显著提高种蛭的产茧量。孵化箱的土壤湿度控制在30 %~40 %时,孵化率最高。 相似文献
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为研究膨胀蛭石对宽体金线蛭卵孵化的影响,在(25±1)℃的恒温条件下,分别用膨胀蛭石和土壤(对照组)作为孵化基质孵化宽体金线蛭卵,并进行了对比试验。试验组和对照组各设5个重复,测量并计算不同基质条件下宽体金线蛭卵的平均孵化期、平均孵化率和孵出幼体的平均体质量。结果显示:膨胀蛭石组中宽体金线蛭卵的平均孵化期、平均孵化率和孵出幼体的平均体质量分别为11.16、11.40、11.08、11.52和11.32 d,98.04%、100%、94.12%、96.08%和96.08%,0.025 6、0.025 9、0.025 4、0.025 2和0.025 7g;土壤组中宽体金线蛭卵的平均孵化期、平均孵化率和孵出幼体的平均体质量分别为12.12、12.26、12.16、12.28和11.94 d,88.24%、92.16%、90.20%、94.12%和90.20%,0.025 1、0.024 8、0.024 5、0.024 7和0.025 0 g。各组对应数据之间均存在显著性差异(P0.05)。试验结果表明:以膨胀蛭石作孵化基质,对宽体金线蛭卵的孵化期、孵化率和孵出幼体的体质量有显著影响,膨胀蛭石适宜作为宽体金线蛭卵的加温孵化基质。 相似文献
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为研究宽体金线蛭对稻草基质的产卵适应性,分别建造以稻草作基质的产卵平台和以土壤作基质的产卵平台以及稻草基质产卵平台和土壤基质产卵平台交错分布的混合型产卵平台,并进行了对比试验。分别统计稻草基质组和土壤基质组中每个平台采集的卵的总数量、总体质量和孵化出苗的卵的数量,计算每尾宽体金线蛭的平均产卵数、卵体质量和孵化率；分别统计混合组中稻草基质产卵平台和土壤基质产卵平台采集的卵的总数。结果显示:稻草基质组和土壤基质组在平均产卵数、卵平均质量和孵化率方面差异不显著；混合组中,稻草基质产卵平台与土壤基质产卵平台的产卵数差异显著,说明宽体金线蛭对稻草基质的产卵适应性良好,相对于土壤基质,宽体金线蛭产卵时对稻草基质存在选择性偏好。 相似文献
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宽体金线蛭4个繁殖性状指标的相关性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以随机选取的500条宽体金线蛭为样本,运用SPSS 13.0软件包中的双变量相关性分析(Bivari-ate)程序对宽体金线蛭种蛭体重、产卵茧量、卵茧重、出苗量等4个繁殖指标作统计分析。在对宽体金线蛭种蛭体重与产卵茧量、卵茧重、出苗量的两两相关性分析中得出:宽体金线蛭种蛭体重与产卵茧量、卵茧重、出苗量相关系数分别为0.8697、0.9351、0.6972,均呈极显著正相关;产卵茧量与卵茧重相关系数为-0.563,呈极显著负相关;卵茧重与出苗量、产卵茧量与出苗量之间的相关系数分别为0.8172、0.4873,均呈正相关。20～30 g种蛭平均产卵茧量、平均卵茧重、平均出苗量分别为2.78个、2.24 g、32.48条,为最适种蛭。 相似文献
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为进一步了解宽体金线蛭的食性偏好,在室内养殖条件下,分别用螺(环棱螺)、鸭血、菲牛蛭配合饲料等3种饲料投喂宽体金线蛭,并对其生长情况进行了对比。结果表明,在室内养殖的水温、pH、溶解氧近似的条件下,经过129 d养殖,投喂螺组宽体金线蛭的体质量呈上升趋势,平均体质量增长率为247.12%,平均日增长0.04 g/d;投喂鸭血组和配合饲料组宽体金线蛭的体质量均呈下降趋势,平均体质量增长率分别为-50.71%和-41.71%。试验表明,3种饲料中,螺较适合作为宽体金线蛭的饲料,鸭血和菲牛蛭配合饲料则不适合作为其饲料。 相似文献
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在水温26.5~28.5℃的室内静水条件下,研究了二氧化氯、高锰酸钾、苯扎溴铵、戊二醛、伊维菌素和聚维酮碘对宽体金线蛭(Whitmania pigra)幼蛭的急性毒性效应。结果显示:6种药物对宽体金线蛭幼蛭48h的半致死质量浓度(LC50)分别为11.8850、3.7154、0.0056、0.1426、0.0066和6.4595mg/L;安全质量浓度(SC)分别为1.5593、0.4781、0.0003、0.0068、0.0002和0.6769mg/L。宽体金线蛭幼蛭对以上6种药物的敏感性差异较大,敏感性大小依次为:伊维菌素>苯扎溴按>戊二醛>高锰酸钾>聚维酮碘>二氧化氯。结果表明,二氧化氯和聚维酮碘在宽体金线蛭幼蛭养殖过程中可以安全使用,而伊维菌素、苯扎溴铵、戊二醛和高锰酸钾需慎用。 相似文献
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不同温度、饵料对宽体金线蛭仔蛭生长和存活的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文研究了不同温度和饵料对宽体金线蛭仔蛭生长和存活的影响。结果表明：宽体金线蛭（ Whitmania pigra）仔蛭在不同温度条件下的生长速度和存活率存在显著差异（ P /0.05）。在水温为27℃条件下,仔蛭生长速度最快、存活率最高;而33℃下的仔蛭存活率最低、生长最慢。投喂不同的饵料,仔蛭的生长速度和存活率也有显著的差异（ P /0.05）;投喂轮虫和圆田螺组的仔蛭生长速度最快、存活率最高;投喂蛋黄组的仔蛭存活率最低、生长速度最慢。 相似文献
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阿鲁加姆锡兰蛭(Zeylanicobdella arugamensis)是重要的鱼类体外寄生虫,可感染30余种海水鱼类。阿鲁加姆锡兰蛭病在我国和东南亚多个国家的海水养殖鱼类中流行,严重时可导致鱼类大量死亡。为持续、稳定、足量地获得活体寄生虫,供防治鱼蛭病研究使用,本研究通过鱼蛭在体感染实验,建立了阿鲁加姆锡兰蛭的传代培养体系。研究结果证实,2种海水观赏鱼[棘颊雀鲷(Premnas biaculeatus)和白条双锯鱼(Amphiprion frenatus)]可作为宿主鱼,用于该鱼蛭的传代培养,且传9代后产生的子代仍具有很强的感染力。鱼蛭的生活史观察显示,该鱼蛭的生活史可分为卵茧孵化和幼蛭发育2个阶段。在水温为26℃、盐度为30的条件下,鱼蛭最短20 d即可完成其生活史。其中,卵茧孵化为幼蛭需要9 d,孵化率高达83.8%;幼蛭感染宿主、发育成熟并开始产卵茧最短需要11 d。本研究可为海水鱼蛭的生物学和鱼蛭病的防治研究提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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The high prevalence (80–100%) of the marine leech Zeylanicobdella arugamensis (De Silva) on cage‐cultured Asian sea bass Lates calcarifer (Bloch) led us to investigate the percentage of juvenile leeches hatched from deposited cocoons, survival of juvenile and adult marine leeches at different salinity and temperature. The results showed that the hatching percentage of juvenile leeches was highest at salinity of 30 ppt (32.5 ± 2.8%) followed by 20 ppt (18.0 ± 4.3%) and 10 ppt (12.1 ± 1.4%), respectively. It was found that the adult and juvenile leeches could live up to an average range of 4–7 days at salinity ranging from 10 to 40 ppt. The juvenile leeches were able to hatch at temperature ranging from 25 to 35 °C but unable to hatch at 40 °C. The survival period of adult and juvenile leeches ranged from 11 to 16 days at 25 °C, which was comparatively longer than 5–13 days and 10 h – 5 days at 27–30 °C and 35–40 °C, respectively. The study provided the information on the physical parameters of salinity and temperature which are most optimal for the marine leech Z. arugamensis to propagate. 相似文献
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温度和密度对日本医蛭繁殖的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在实验室网箱中,研究温度(24±1)℃和(20±1℃)与密度(200尾/箱和100尾/箱)对平均体质量1g左右的日本医蛭Hirudo nipponia亲蛭交配率、减重率、产茧数量和体质量的影响,比较卵茧质量(0.05g、0.05~0.1g和0.1g)对孵出仔蛭数量的影响。结果表明:温度(24±1)℃、密度100尾/箱时亲蛭交配率(86±0.06)%和平均产茧量(0.87±0.14)枚/尾最高;亲蛭产茧后平均体质量下降(32.1±0.059)%;繁殖期间共收集卵茧870枚,孵化率87.47%;平均卵茧质量为(0.11±0.009)g(变化范围0.03g~0.25g);密度和温度对产茧量的影响极显著(P0.01),对卵茧平均质量和长短径的影响不显著(P0.05);(24±1)℃组亲蛭的产茧时间比(20±1)℃组缩短10~15d,单日卵茧最高收集量为43枚,(20±1)℃时单日最高收集量24枚;卵茧共孵出仔蛭5 648尾,随着卵茧质量增加产出的仔蛭数量和质量也增加。 相似文献
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Maria Prost Maria Studnicka Jadwiga Niezgoda 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1974,3(3):287-294
Experiments were carried out on the influence of quicklime, ammonia water, ‘Neguvon’ — Bayer and desiccation on the vitality of leeches. It was found that the efficacy of quicklime depends on its CaO content, on the dose of this compound, and, above all, on the pH of calcium hydroxide formed by mixing quicklime with water. The borderline value in this case is pH = 8.6. Quicklime containing 49% CaO did not affect the mature forms of leeches or their larvae in cocoons. The efficacy of other kinds of quicklime (53% CaO, 93% CaO and 99% CaO) also depended on the pH produced. Quicklime containing 99% CaO proved the most effective in destroying mature leeches and their cocoons; at the concentration of 250 ppm, it produces a pH higher than 8.6 (Table I).In acceptable doses, ammonia water affects neither mature leeches nor their larvae in cocoons.‘Neguvon’ — Bayer, though effective against mature leeches, does not affect the vitality of the larvae in cocoons in doses acceptable for practical use.Under laboratory conditions, drying up kills leech larvae in 24 h. This is therefore a radical means of combatting these parasites. 相似文献
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研究了放养密度和饵料种类对幼中国大鲵（Andrias davidianus）生长发育的影响,跟踪分析了自胚胎孵化至一龄幼鲵的存活与生长发育状况。结果表明,自胚胎孵化至一龄幼鲵的养殖密度为每0.1m210～20尾时,其成活率可达到100%,投放密度每0.1m2自20尾增加到60尾,平均存活率、年体长增加和年体重增加均显著降低。投喂摇蚊幼虫、猪肉、牛肉、羊肉和小鱼虾,幼苗的存活率分别为100%、90%、95%、85%和95%,体长增加分别为8.09cm、5.45cm、5.28cm、4.57cm、6.82cm,体重增加分别为25.97g、12.68g、11.82g、10.86g和20.67g。可见,摇蚊幼虫和小鱼虾是一龄幼大鲵的适宜饵料。 相似文献
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A field survey and a laboratory experiment were conducted to examine ontogenetic shifts in habitat and diet of the turban snail Turbo cornutus. The main habitat of turban snail juveniles smaller than 10 mm shell height (SH) was turfs of articulated coralline algae, and that of adults larger than 50 mm SH was kelp beds of Ecklonia bicyclis and Ecklonia cava. However, the ontogenetic habitat shift during the juvenile stage of 20–50 mm SH was unclear. From the results of a long-term feeding experiment and stable isotope analysis, the gelidiacean alga Gelidium elegans was assumed to be more important as a food source for juvenile turban snail than E. cava in the field. However, the frequency of individuals inhabiting gelidiacean algal turfs was low in both juvenile and adult stages. Thus, the ontogenetic shifts in habitat and diet did not coincide and other factors, i.e., daytime refuge, are important. As the growth rate was higher in the juveniles fed on the two algal species than those fed on single algal species, co-occurrence of various algal habitats in rocky shore ecosystems as a coastal ecosystem complex may enhance growth of turban snail juveniles feeding on a combination of different algal species. 相似文献
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Early introduction of an inert diet and unenriched Artemia enhances growth and quality of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae 
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下载免费PDF全文 Ø.J. Hansen V. Puvanendran J.P. Jøstensen I.‐B. Falk‐Petersen 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2018,24(1):102-111
The effects of two weaning diets and different weaning protocols on growth, survival, skeletal deformity and gut morphology of Atlantic cod larvae were studied in four groups from 16 to 45 days posthatch (dph). Cod larvae in groups 1 (early weaning with control diet) and 2 (early weaning with experimental diet) were used to evaluate the effects of different polar lipid content of weaning diets on larval and juvenile performance. Cod larvae in groups 2, 3 (early weaning with experimental diet + cofeeding with Artemia) and 4 (earlier weaning with experimental diet and earlier cofeeding with Artemia) were used to evaluate the effects of early introduction of dry diet and Artemia. From 45 to 170 dph, cod juveniles from all four groups were reared using a standard feeding protocol. No significant differences in growth, survival, deformities and gut morphology were found between cod larvae and juveniles from groups 1 and 2. Cod larvae fed on cofeeding regime with Artemia nauplii (groups 3 and 4) were bigger and had lower frequencies of jaw and neck deformities and higher foregut microvillus circumference than cod larvae from group 2. Our results demonstrate the importance of proper weaning protocols in producing better quality cod juveniles. 相似文献
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Replacement of squid and krill meal by snail meal (Buccinum striatissimum) in practical diets for juvenile of kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Amina S Moss Shunsuke Koshio Manabu Ishikawa Saichiro Yokoyama Truong H Nhu Mahmoud A O Dawood Weilong Wang 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(9):3097-3106
A 60‐day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of substituting squid and krill meal with marine snails (Buccinum striatissimum) into the diets of juvenile kuruma shrimps (Marsupenaeus japonicus). Five experimental diets were formulated to contain varying levels of snail meal at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5, respectively) and fed to juvenile kuruma shrimps (initial mean weight 0.27 ± 0.02 g). The results showed that weight gain, feed intake and specific growth rate were improved significantly in D4 and D5 groups when compared with D1 group (p < 0.05). Significant differences were not detected in survival rate among all shrimps fed diets containing several levels of snail meal (p > 0.05). Crude protein content of shrimps fed the control diet was significantly lower than other treatments (p < 0.05). Lipid content in shrimps fed 50% snail meal were significantly higher than the control while cholesterol content in shrimps fed 100% snail meal were significantly decreased and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents were significantly increased in shrimps fed 75%–100% snail meal (p < 0.05). These results suggest that supplementing snail meal for complete replacement of squid and krill meal can be done to improve juvenile kuruma shrimps’ growth and reducing their cholesterol levels. 相似文献