首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
大丽轮枝菌拮抗细菌的分离与抗菌物质鉴定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
从黄萎病发病棉田未发病棉株根际土样中分离芽孢杆菌,利用对峙培养法对大丽轮枝菌进行平板拮抗实验,筛选出6株对大丽轮枝菌有拮抗作用的芽孢杆菌,其中3株菌发酵代谢产物具有抗菌活性。S4-3菌株发酵液滤液经100℃、30min热处理丧失抗菌活性,发酵液氯仿抽提物不具有抗菌活性,发酵液硫酸铵沉淀物有抑菌活性,但经蛋白酶处理后活性丧失,认为S4-3菌株抑菌活性物质是蛋白质。而菌株S4-5发酵液经100℃热处理后还有较高的抗菌活性,发酵液氯仿抽提物也具有抗菌活性,但硫酸铵沉淀物对病原菌无抑制作用;S5-6菌株发酵液滤液经100℃热处理丧失抗菌活性,硫酸铵沉淀物也不具有抗菌活性,而发酵液氯仿抽提物有抗菌活性,因此认为S4-5和S5-6菌株产生的抑菌物质不是蛋白质类。  相似文献   

2.
研究温度、光照、紫外辐射、蛋白酶K、pH对生防菌短短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus brevis)JK-2胞外物质抗香蕉枯萎病菌稳定性的影响,为香蕉枯萎病生防菌剂的研制提供理论依据。在30℃,170r/min的条件下,恒温振荡培养36h采样制备生防菌短短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus brevis)JK-2胞外物质,以香蕉枯萎病菌为指示菌,对胞外物质的抑菌特性进行研究。结果表明:该胞外物质具有一定的热稳定性,60~80℃温育1h保持88.5%以上活性,在100℃放置1h后无抑菌活性;在酸性pH3.0~5.0和碱性pH9.0~11.0条件下,抑菌活性保持在77.2%以上,对光照、蛋白酶K、紫外照射均不敏感。其抑菌作用的最适温度为30℃,最适pH为7.0。  相似文献   

3.
为了明确生防菌BH-2发酵液中的抑菌成分及其提取方法，采用管碟法，通过抑菌活性的测定，对其发酵液中抑菌物质及其提取进行了研究。结果表明，生防菌BH-2发酵液中的抑菌作用大致分为活体的抑菌作用和和代谢活性物抑菌作用，且胞外的抗菌代谢物有较好的热稳定性，而胞内不产生抑菌物质。此外，有机溶剂的萃取试验表明，代谢活性物质的极性较强；不同浓度的硫酸铵和乙醇均不能使其沉淀；酸沉淀法基本上可以将其提取出来。这为该菌株的进一步研究和产品开发提供了理论依据和技术支持。  相似文献   

4.
枯草芽孢杆菌NCD-2菌株抗菌蛋白初步分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
枯草芽孢杆菌NCD-2菌株对棉花黄萎病病原菌大丽轮枝菌具有较强的抗生作用。通过对NCD-2菌株培养条件的研究,结果表明在30℃、培养液初始pH为7.0和培养时间为2 d条件下,利用NB培养基培养该菌株所得培养液抑菌活性优于其他培养基,其培养液经硫酸铵沉淀所得的蛋白粗提液经RNA酶处理后的抑菌活性与对照相比差异不显著,经蛋白酶K和胰蛋白酶处理后的抑菌活性与对照相比差异显著;蛋白粗提液经60℃处理后的抑菌活性与对照相比差异不显著,经80,100,120℃处理后抑菌活性与对照相比差异显著,但经120℃处理30 min后仍有一部分抑菌活性,研究结果说明该菌株产生的抗菌物质存在性质上的差异。  相似文献   

5.
筛选获得对灰霉病菌具有抑制活性的芽孢杆菌菌株,明确其胞外抑菌物质的活性及稳定性,为灰霉病提供安全、高效、易行的生物防治方式,并为其后续生防制剂的研发提供科学依据。采集我国云南、黑龙江、新疆、河北等地蔬菜种植土壤样品129个,采用稀释涂平板法分离获得芽孢杆菌4 200株,采用平板对峙法获得191株具有灰葡萄孢菌拮抗性能的菌株,其中菌株KA4的抑菌能力最强,对灰霉病菌的抑菌率为65.34%。采用形态学、生理生化特征以及16S rDNA和gyrB基因序列分析相结合的鉴定方法进行了KA4菌株的鉴定,将其鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌,命名为BA-KA4。BA-KA4的无菌发酵液具有较强的抑菌活性,稀释10,20,40倍的无菌发酵液对灰葡萄孢菌的抑菌率分别为78.83%,65.19%,45.38%。通过单因素法测定了不同处理温度、pH值和紫外照射时间对BA-KA4无菌发酵液抑菌活性的影响,该菌株的无菌发酵液具有良好的温度、pH和紫外线稳定性。综上,解淀粉芽孢杆菌BA-KA4能够抑制灰霉病菌生长、胞外抑菌物质活性稳定,可作为灰霉病生物防治的优良微生物资源,具有良好的开发前景。  相似文献   

6.
 为研究拮抗链霉菌对棉花黄萎病原大丽轮枝菌（Verticillium dahliae Kleb.）的抑菌机理,以大丽轮枝菌菌体为唯一碳氮能源,采用液体培养法及生长速率法研究供试病原菌菌体对4株拮抗链霉菌胞外蛋白酶合成的诱导作用及抑菌活性物质产生的影响。结果表明：大丽轮枝菌菌体可以诱导供试链霉菌合成蛋白酶;诱导粗酶液对病原真菌菌丝有溶解作用;当菌体添加量为10 g·L-1,28℃培养7 d时菌株Z13蛋白酶活性高达4.24 U;以大丽轮枝菌菌体为碳氮能源时供试链霉菌能产生活性较强的抑菌物质;当菌体添加量为20 g·L-1,发酵液稀释5倍时菌株B49所产抑菌活性物质的最大抑菌率达95.7%。  相似文献   

7.
为给菌株XZG-11粗提蛋白的应用提供理论依据,采用硫酸铵分级盐析法分离抗菌蛋白,通过抑菌圈测试法检测其对植物致病真菌和细菌的抑菌活性,并对其生物稳定性进行研究和分析。结果表明,粗提抗菌蛋白对番茄青枯病假单胞菌的抑制效果最强,同时对茄子早疫病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、西瓜枯萎病菌、赤霉菌、镰刀霉菌也具有较强的抑制作用;对革兰氏阳性菌如枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌均具有强烈的抑制作用,同时还对革兰氏阴性菌如大肠杆菌、绿脓假单胞菌也具有显著抑制作用。抗菌蛋白在pH5.0~11.0范围内较稳定;在80℃以下,热稳定性好,对RNA酶不敏感,对蛋白酶K和胰蛋白酶敏感。菌株XZG-11粗提抗菌蛋白具有较强的稳定性,对植物病原真菌和细菌具有广谱抗菌活性。  相似文献   

8.
为明确枯草芽孢杆菌RSS-1菌株产生抗菌物质的最佳条件,提高其抗菌活性物质的产量,以发酵液抑制油菜菌核病菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)活性为指标,在摇瓶条件下采用单因素和正交实验对该菌株的最适发酵培养基成分及发酵条件进行了优化。结果表明,菌株RSS-1产生抗菌物质的最佳培养基组分比例为2.0%的玉米淀粉,1.5%的蛋白胨,0.05%的MgSO_4;最佳发酵条件为培养基初始pH 6.0,培养温度为28℃,培养时间为5天,100 mL三角瓶装液量25 mL,接种量为0.1%,转速为180 r/min。优化后的枯草芽孢杆菌RSS-1菌株的无菌培养滤液对油菜菌核病菌的抑菌活性显著增强。  相似文献   

9.
拮抗细菌GF-312的复合诱变选育   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
为了提高已筛选出的拮抗菌株的抑菌活性,以荧光假单胞菌(Pseadomonas fluorescens)GF-312为出发菌株,采用紫外线和微波方法对其进行复合诱变,通过对致死率、正突变率和抑菌活性的测定,确定紫外线和微波诱变的最适时间,结合对诱变菌株的传代稳定性测定,获得高效菌株GF-16,其发酵液的抑菌圈直径达到30.4 mm,抗菌活性比紫外诱变之前（自然选育之后）的菌株GF-51提高了18.8%。  相似文献   

10.
枯草芽孢杆菌B—903抗菌物质产生条件及部分特性的研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
枯草芽孢杆菌Ｂ－９０３菌株是从郑州果园中筛选出的，它代谢产生的抗菌物质对多种植物病原菌具有强抑制作用。通过对其抗菌物质产生条件的研究认为，在ＮＹＤＡ培养液中，培养液初始ＰＨ值为７时，最有利于抗菌物质的产生；振培养１１２ｈ，培养滤液的抑菌活性可达最大值；同初始接菌量对抗菌物质的产生时间影响不大；在２５０ｍｌ三角前瓶中，随装液量减少，培养液抑菌活性有增大趋势；大米粉和豆饼粉是最适合产生抗菌物质的碳、氮  相似文献   

11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.  相似文献   

12.
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.  相似文献   

13.
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...  相似文献   

14.
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.  相似文献   

15.
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...  相似文献   

16.
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.  相似文献   

17.
T. Visser  E. H. Oost 《Euphytica》1981,30(1):65-70
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.  相似文献   

18.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...  相似文献   

19.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf 1) and recessive for the other (Rf 2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph 3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf 1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf 1and Rf 2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf 1, and 0.15 for Lf 1-Sph 3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph 3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf 1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph 3. Poor performance of lf 1- (and possibly lf 2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).  相似文献   

20.
Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号