共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
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PAM与SAP联合施用对旱作坡耕地的水分保蓄影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究PAM和SAP联合施用对坡耕地土壤水分和马铃薯生长的影响效果,在内蒙古卓资县以不施材料为对照,设置喷施PAM+混施SAP与混施PAM+混施SAP各3组试验处理。结果表明:PAM和SAP联合施用后可以提高0～40 cm土层含水率,并且含水率随施用量增加而提高。H3与P3与对照相比最大增加26.97%和21.04%。施用PAM和SAP可提高苗期坡耕地0～80 cm土层贮水量,土壤贮水量与施用量呈正相关;但在马铃薯其他生育期,处理后的土壤贮水量低于对照。从播种到收获期,P2的马铃薯生物量达到最大,其水分利用效率比对照增加29.54%。因此,适量的施用PAM和SAP可改善土壤水分环境,增加马铃薯产量。 相似文献
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PAM与SAP交并施用对一维水分垂直入渗特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
PAM(聚丙烯酰胺)和SAP(高吸水性高分子)分别作为具有显著固土截流和土壤水分保蓄能力的两类土壤化学调控材料,对于水土流失防治、生态环境保护、农业水分高效利用、作物增产等意义重大。目前PAM和SAP的研究按各自作用特点和一定应用条件集中在单一材料上,而针对PAM和SAP在旱区坡耕地交并施用的研究未见报道。通过室内一维垂直积水入渗法试验,分析PAM和SAP并施对坡地土壤水分垂直入渗特性的影响。结果表明:在同一SAP处理水平下,随着PAM施用量的增加,土壤入渗率、饱和导水率、累积入渗量均减小;在同一PAM处理水平下,土壤入渗率、饱和导水率、累积入渗量均呈现随SAP施用量增加而减小的趋势。所以,PAM和SAP处理均降低了土壤的入渗能力;但相对于SAP,PAM对一维水分垂直入渗的抑制作用显著。 相似文献
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《节水灌溉》2015,(8)
对河套地区盐渍化土壤施用聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)后保水性、保肥性及最优产量下的水、肥及PAM的施用量组合进行了研究。采用正交试验设计对水、肥及产量各自特性进行详细分析,在整个生育期内研究了PAM施用层的含水率、土层深度为0~100cm的土壤碱解氮的动态变化规律及最优产量下所对应的各施用量的最佳组合。试验结果表明:经PAM处理的盐渍化土壤在其PAM施用层能够保持一定的水量,且随着PAM施用量的增加而增加;施用PAM处理的盐渍化土壤在PAM施用层能够保持一定的碱解氮且不易使碱解氮下移,未施PAM的4个灌水处理在不同程度上均下移至40cm左右,表明施用PAM明显抑制了氮素深层移动效应,起到了控制氮素淋失、防止土壤贫瘠的作用;而对于产量的分析,通过正交试验处理及SPSS主效应分析选取3因素最佳的施用量为:灌水量1 800m3/hm2、肥料为600kg/hm2、PAM量为18.75kg/hm2,可见PAM施用对盐渍化土壤节水、保肥效果明显,且PAM施用可对产量产生显著影响。该成果可用于指导盐渍化土壤合理的灌水量、施氮量及施用PAM后可显著提高葵花产量。 相似文献
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PAM与SAP对土壤水分及小麦生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究PAM和SAP对土壤水分及小麦生长的影响,在河套灌区以不施用PAM和SAP为对照,研究PAM-1处理、PAM-2处理、SAP-1处理和SAP-2处理对土壤水分及小麦生长的影响。结果表明:1PAM和SAP均能提高0~80cm土层的土壤含水率,其中PAM-1处理的保水效果最显著;2PAM和SAP对不同土层土壤含水率的影响存在一定差异,其中在0~40cm土层的影响最为显著,较对照土壤含水率平均提高21.41%,在40cm土层以下土壤的含水率影响较小;3施用PAM能促进春小麦分蘖和根系的生长,进而可提高春小麦千粒质量及产量,其中PAM-1处理的效果最显著,增产达29.18%。 相似文献
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干旱沙化牧区土壤保水、保肥性差,不利于紫花苜蓿生长,而SAP、PAM等化学调控材料具有良好的保水、保肥特性,并能够改善土壤结构。因此,通过开展SAP、PAM不同施用量、不同施用方式对干旱沙化牧区紫花苜蓿生长影响的试验研究,以寻求促进紫花苜蓿生长、增产的最佳方案。结果表明:SAP、PAM复配提高了0~20 cm土层体积含水率,为紫花苜蓿提供了良好的水分环境,促进了紫花苜蓿的生长,产量和水分利用效率最大分别提高19.93%和35.67%。在不考虑投入成本等因素前提下,45 kg/hm~2的SAP复配30 kg/hm~2的PAM对于促进紫花苜蓿增产和提高水分利用效率效果最佳。 相似文献
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PAM与粉煤灰改良沙土中重金属的迁移和富集规律 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
探讨复合施用聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和粉煤灰改良沙土时,重金属(以Cr、As、Ni为例)在土壤、植物当中的运移规律,以及PAM在粉煤灰改良土壤中对重金属运移规律的影响。采取田间小区试验的方法,设计3种PAM施用量(0、60和120 mg/kg)和4种粉煤灰施用量(0、5%、10%和15%),其中不添加PAM和粉煤灰的处理为对照。试验结果表明:添加粉煤灰后,表层沙土当中Cr、Ni元素含量增加,而粉煤灰施用量为15%时As元素含量减少。在粉煤灰改良土壤中添加PAM能够将更多重金属固定在土壤表层,从而抑制重金属的淋洗,同时减少玉米对Cr、As、Ni的吸收。 相似文献
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滨海盐碱地施用沼液对紫甘蓝生长及土壤性状的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为探讨在江苏省东台市滨海盐碱土上进行紫甘蓝大田种植的最佳施用量与施用方式,试验研究了不同沼液施用对紫甘蓝产量、品质以及土壤特性的影响。结果表明,施加沼液可以提高紫甘蓝产量。浇施时,最佳沼液施用总量为每小区25.2 L(5.6 m^3·667m-2),产量最高为3747.2 kg·667m-2。应用沼液可以提高甘蓝Vc含量,但对可溶性糖没有明显促进作用。总体而言,浇施效果好于喷施,沼液的理想施用量范围为5.6～6.9 m^3·667m-2。施用沼液可以改良滨海盐碱土壤性状,有助于降低土壤的pH值和EC值,改善土壤的酸碱度,提高或恢复土壤的肥力。 相似文献
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粉煤灰和蚯蚓粪施用对土壤蒸发的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为揭示粉煤灰和蚯蚓粪两种土壤改良物质对土壤蒸发影响的差异性,探寻适宜的施用方式和施用量.设计模拟试验,控制3个覆盖处理(覆盖厚度分别为1、2.5和4 cm)和4个混施处理(施用量分别为10％、20％、30％和40％),以温室土壤为对照.连续测定16 d土壤蒸发量,结合有机质含量、水分物理性质和物质本身特性分析粉煤灰和蚯蚓粪施用对土壤蒸发的影响是否有差异及产生差异的原因.结果表明:与对照相比,覆盖粉煤灰和蚯蚓粪累积蒸发量分别减小了30％～34％和17％～48％,混施粉煤灰和蚯蚓粪累积蒸发分别减小了0％～6％和4％～14％.覆盖厚度为1 cm粉煤灰对土壤蒸发的抑制效果优于蚯蚓粪,覆盖厚度为4 cm和混施对土壤蒸发的抑制效果均为蚯蚓粪优于粉煤灰.两种物质覆盖和混施均可提高有机质含量,是其抑制土壤蒸发的主要原因.两种物质抑制蒸发效果具有差异,为有机质含量、颜色和颗粒组成等不同导致.另外,两种物质覆盖、蚯蚓粪混施土壤含水量均高于对照,混施蚯蚓粪显著提高孔隙度和持水容量.综合考虑施用粉煤灰和蚯蚓粪抑制土壤蒸发和保持土壤水分的效果可知,薄层覆盖时,粉煤灰优于蚯蚓粪,中厚层覆盖和混施蚯蚓粪优于粉煤灰. 相似文献
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化学集成调控技术对土壤水氮与玉米产量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以北京密云雨养型玉米为研究对象,联合采用土壤表土改良剂(PAM)、土壤保水剂(SAP)和叶面抗蒸腾剂(FA)3种典型化学制剂进行生产应用,研究了化学集成调控技术对土壤含水率、氮素含量及玉米产量的影响效应,探索了玉米产量最优的化学调控集成应用模式。结果表明,3种化学制剂对土壤含水率、氮素含量和玉米产量的影响效应不一致,PAM、SAP对土壤水分和速效氮影响显著,而PAM、SAP和FA则共同对土壤全氮、玉米产量产生显著影响;在本试验条件下,FA 400倍液、SAP 90 kg/hm2的化学集成调控处理配合270 kg/hm2尿素施用量可以得到最大玉米产量,同时玉米生育期内土壤速效氮质量比和平均含水率均为最高,分别为45.44 mg/kg和0.12,有利于作物对水肥的吸收利用,其最大玉米产量1.30 kg/m2相较于未施加化控制剂的对照组,增产可达21%。 相似文献
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保水剂的研究多集中于保水性和持水性,关于保水剂对土壤物理性质影响的研究还不多见,因此,选取市场上的MP3005KCE、沃特和HG-60等3种保水剂,对沙土、壤土和黏土作用能力进行分析。结果表明:1增加3种土壤的水稳性团聚体的比例,增加幅度为HG-60沃特MP3005KCE,其中MP3005KCE对改善沙土和壤土的通气性能较其他两种保水剂明显;2膨胀率均明显增加(p0.05),HG-60沃特MP3005KCE;从膨胀均匀程度来看沙土中MP3005KCE沃特HG-60,壤土中沃特MP3005KCEHG-60,而黏土中都不均匀;3土壤密度均显著降低(p0.05)且土壤孔隙度均明显增加(p0.05),HG-60沃特MP3005KCE;随着保水剂施加的不断增加,土壤密度逐渐降低,土壤孔隙度逐渐增加;当保水剂的浓度超过0.5%后对土壤密度和孔隙度改善的效果并不明显增加(p0.05)。为保水剂在干旱区的应用提供重要参考价值。 相似文献
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Summary Irrigation with self-propelled moving sprinkler irrigation system (MSIS) enhances seal formation at the soil surface and results in large amounts of runoff and erosion which are aggravated by the MSIS high water application rate and reflected in lower yields. The effect of polyacrylamide (PAM) application (at the equivalent rate of 20 kg ha-1), prior to the irrigation season, on runoff and erosion from bare soil and soil covered with a crop, as well as on cotton yield was studied in a clay loam vertisol (Typic Chromoxert) and a silt loam loess (Calcic Haploxeralf). A center pivot and a lateral MSIS were used in the vertisol and loess, respectively. Vegetative growth of cotton plants in the vertisol was inversely related to water application intensity, which in turn affects runoff. PAM significantly reduced runoff in both the bare and crop-covered soils. The runoff level from the PAM treatments was 50–70% of that of the control. PAM also reduced erosion especially in the vertisol soil. However, the amount of eroded material carried by a unit runoff was similar in both treatments for both soils, indicating that PAM influences erosion by reducing runoff levels. A trend whereby PAM increased yield of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L., cv. Pima S5) compared with the control was observed. Our results suggest that, under irrigation with a MSIS, reducing runoff is essential for obtaining higher yields. PAM is suggested as an effective tool to attain this target.Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. No. 2866-E, 1989 series 相似文献
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High levels of soil sodicity, resulting from intensive irrigation with saline-sodic waters, lead to an increased soil susceptibility to seal formation and to severe problems of runoff and soil erosion. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the addition of small amounts of an anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) to the irrigation water in controlling seal formation, runoff and soil erosion. Two predominantly montmorillonitic soils were studied, a grumusol (Typic Haploxerert) and a loess (Calcic Haploxeralf), having naturally occurring exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP)>12. The soils were exposed to 60 mm of simulated irrigation with commonly used tap water (TW, electrical conductivity=0.8 dS m–1; sodium adsorption ratio (SAR)=2), or saline water (SW, electrical conductivity=5.0 dS m–1; SAR>12). PAM effectiveness in controlling runoff and erosion from the sodic soils was compared with runoff and erosion levels obtained from untreated soils having low ESPs (<4). For both soils and for both water qualities and polymer concentrations in the irrigation water, PAM was efficient in controlling runoff at low ESP levels and inefficient at high ESP levels. At moderate ESP levels, PAM's efficacy in controlling runoff was inconsistent and varied with water quality and polymer concentration. Conversely, in general, soil loss originating from rill erosion, was significantly and effectively reduced in moderate and high ESP soils by addition of PAM to the irrigation water, irrespective of water quality and polymer concentration. PAM was more effective in reducing rill erosion than in reducing runoff in the moderate and high ESP samples, because the energy involved in generating runoff is much higher than that involved in rill erosion. PAM treated surface aggregates were not stable against the distructive forces leading to seal formation and runoff production; but they were stable enough to resist the hydraulic shear exerted by the runoff flow. 相似文献
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Effect of polyacrylamide and gypsum on surface runoff, sediment yield and nutrient losses from steep slopes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hilly terrains with steep slopes and poor vegetative cover are prone to soil erosion. Crop productivity from such lands can be increased by adding correct amounts of soil conditioners such as polyacrylamide (PAM) and gypsum (G) to reduce soil erosion and to improve settling of suspended sediment. The field experiments were conducted in hilly areas with 97% land slope to evaluate the effectiveness of PAM and G when applied as single and concurrent doses of 20 and 2500 kg ha−1, respectively to check surface runoff, sediment yield and major nutrient (N, P, and K) losses under natural rainfall conditions. The results indicate that concurrent application of PAM and G was most effective closely followed by G alone. However, considering the costs of PAM and gypsum and labor involved in their concurrent application on large scale, the application of gypsum alone is recommended in controlling the surface runoff, sediment yield and major nutrient losses from steeply sloped lands in Indian Himalayas. 相似文献
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聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对不同土壤坡地水分养分迁移过程的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用室内人工降雨模拟试验,分析了小降雨强度下聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对塿土和砂黄土坡面土壤水分养分迁移过程的影响。试验结果表明,与对照相比较,PAM处理降低坡地入渗速率,增大了地表径流量,砂黄土表现更显著,其径流系数提高了约113%;PAM对土壤硝态氮流失过程影响甚微,但对径流磷和钾的流失特征影响显著;施加PAM分别增加塿土坡地径流磷和径流钾流失量近55%和100%,分别提高了砂黄土坡地径流磷和径流钾流失量1.4倍和4.8倍。因此,水蚀环境不严重的黄土坡地,采用地表施加PAM方式来降低土壤养分流失的途径是不适宜的。 相似文献
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锯末和保水剂对坡面棕壤土含水量的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在苜蓿的生长过程中,通过测量A区（锯末）、B区（保水剂）和C区（对照）土壤含水量,草产量及土壤容重,研究锯末和保水剂在坡面治理中对棕壤土含水量的影响。结果表明,坡面表层土壤含水量和降雨量的变化趋势基本一致,在20-30cm土层,A区始终保持最高土壤含水量,最高百分比达3.96%。从标准差和变异系数来看,研究均表明A区土壤含水量稳定性强,从而说明锯末释放出的水分多于B区同价格的保水剂释放的水分。最后指出,A区苜蓿平均株高和草产量均比B区和C区高,锯末区域20-30cm土层土壤容重变化最小,适宜苜蓿生长的土壤容重为1.24-1.38g?cm-3。试验结果为在干旱半干旱地区坡面治理中可以用廉价的锯末来代替保水剂,增加效益。 相似文献