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1.
基于多元回归的鲜食葡萄保鲜技术效果评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以落粒率、腐烂率和失重率作为鲜食葡萄损耗的评价指标,系统分析了鲜食葡萄保鲜技术效果的形成过程,应用多元回归方法综合评估了目前应用比较广泛的6种保鲜技术以及冰温环境对鲜食葡萄的保鲜效果。结果表明:气调、保鲜膜、SO2气态处理、CT-2保鲜剂、简化包保鲜剂、1-MCP气态处理以及冰温均能有效抑制果实损耗,其中气调、冰温环境和2种保鲜剂对鲜食葡萄的3个损耗指标有显著的抑制效果;气调、保鲜剂和保鲜膜对果实腐烂率和失重率的影响随时间增加而逐渐增强,其中保鲜膜的作用效果十分微弱;保鲜剂对果实质量损耗的浓度效应十分明显,浓度过大会损伤果实组织、增加损耗,而与SO2气态处理的联合使用会增强对果实损耗的降低作用;1-MCP主要在果实腐烂率的控制方面有较好效果。 相似文献
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黄金梨的气调贮藏保鲜试验 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
为改进黄金梨的贮藏质量,延长货架期,从气调组分入手研究了气调贮藏对黄金梨的保鲜效果,以期得出比较理想的组分指标。采用CO2体积分数为0～0.5%,O2体积分数分别为2%～3%、5%～6%、8%～9%,在温度为(-1.5±0.5)℃、相对湿度为95%的条件下,进行了黄金梨气调贮藏研究。试验表明:在90d的贮藏期内,O2体积分数为5%～6%、CO2体积分数为0～0.5%时,能延缓黄金梨Vc含量、果肉硬度和乙烯释放量降低,减少乙醇和乙醛在果肉内的积累量。试验证明了气调储藏的优越性和可行性,补充了气体组分的数据参数。 相似文献
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电动甩绳式疏花机在翠冠梨园中的试验研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于自主研制的电动甩绳式疏花机,分别在小冠疏层形和"Y"字棚架形翠冠梨园中进行疏花试验研究。首先通过室内台架试验,建立了疏花轴转速与疏花绳击打力的函数关系模型,确定了翠冠梨树最小疏花转速为436.9 r/min。其次在田间试验中,以50%花蕾保留率为疏花目标,研究疏花机疏花与人工定果联合作业方式相比于单一的人工疏果作业方式,对花蕾保留率、坐果率、作业效率及成本、果实产量及品质的影响。试验结果表明:试验梨树花蕾保留率在49.46%～52.52%的范围内浮动,花蕾保留率变异系数在3.66%～8.65%的范围内浮动,疏花机作业质量好;疏花机可显著降低梨树的绝对坐果率,以减少果树营养浪费,虽然对梨树坐果有少量的影响,但不影响最终果实的产量及品质;疏花机可分别缩短小冠疏层形梨园30.71%、"Y"字棚架形梨园48.68%的人工疏果时间,小冠疏层形和"Y"字棚架形梨园的机具盈利面积分别为769.23 m~2/台和833.33 m~2/台;2种树形中,试验梨树留果率与单树果实总产量、单树优质果产量成正相关,与优质果单果质量、糖度呈负相关。电动甩绳式疏花机的研发有助于提高果园疏花疏果环节作业效率,该试验研究可为翠冠梨园的机械化管理提供参考。 相似文献
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以β-环糊精为壁材,采用单因素试验和Box-Behnken试验对超声法制备肉豆蔻油微胶囊的工艺进行了优化。试验结果表明:最佳工艺条件为壁材芯材比11.3g/g、包埋温度55℃和包埋时间79min,在此条件下实际包埋率为81.01%,与模型预测值80.31%之间具有较好的拟合性;在3个因素中,壁材芯材比对包埋率的影响极显著,包埋温度和包埋时间影响显著。该方法简单可行,是一种制备肉豆蔻油微胶囊的较好方法。 相似文献
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含纳他霉素天然保鲜果蜡的制备与应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了不同助剂对紫胶保鲜蜡物理性能和纳他霉素对保鲜蜡抑菌性能的影响.确定了含纳他霉素的天然保鲜果蜡的生产工艺为:紫胶120 g/L、吗啉20 mL/L、丙二醇10 mL/L、氨水12 mL/L,乳化时间30 min,当温度降至60℃时加入0.6 g/L的纳他霉素.应用该保鲜果蜡贮藏的胡柚和锦橙,在温度为5～10℃,相对湿度为60%～65%条件下贮藏45 d,能较好地保持果实的外观,表面新鲜饱满,有光泽,品质好,与对照相比失重率降低70%,好果率提高65%. 相似文献
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日光温室黄瓜节水灌溉研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对比分析了日光温室黄瓜滴灌、膜下沟灌和畦灌 3种灌水方式对温室环境、黄瓜耗水量、产量、品质的影响以及这 3种灌溉方式下温室黄瓜的年产出投入比。结果表明 :日光温室滴灌比畦灌温室内空气相对湿度降低 1 0 %～ 1 5%,冬季地温提高 3～ 8℃ ;黄瓜耗水量减少 4 3 .4 %,灌溉水节约 59.9%;黄瓜增产 3 3 %,产值增加 6.75万元 /hm2 ;黄瓜粗蛋白含量和可溶性糖均高 4 %;提早 1 0 d左右上市 ;年产出投入比高 1 .0 1。膜下沟灌比畦灌使温室内空气相对湿度降低 1 3 %左右 ;黄瓜耗水量减少 1 3 .6%,节约灌溉水 2 0 %;黄瓜产量提高1 3 %,产值增加 3 .1 5万元 /hm2 ;年产出投入比提高 0 .82 相似文献
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研究脱水鲜面内菌落含量变化规律对延长产品货架期与提高面食品质具有重要意义。选用3组工艺参数,即温度70～90 °C、相对湿度70%～90%和干燥时间5～20 min,采用干燥试验台进行单因素试验和正交试验,按照国家标准测定杀菌前后面条试样内菌落总数。结果表明:温度、湿度和干燥时间是影响菌落含量的重要参数;温度为80 °C时,对菌落总数的影响出现拐点,温度为70～80 °C时菌落总数急剧降低,温度为80～90 °C时菌落总数变化缓慢且菌落总数维持在200 CFU/g;菌落总数随相对湿度和干燥时间的延长逐级递减。脱水鲜面物理杀菌的最佳工艺参数为温度80 °C、湿度85%、干燥时间10 min,在此工艺条件下制得的面条试样菌落总数维持在170 CFU/g。 相似文献
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以木屑和褐煤为研究对象,利用循环流化床反应装置,研究了不同燃烧工况下钙基对SO2、NOx排放特性的影响;并通过X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和等离子体原子发射光谱仪(ICP)测定了底灰的元素、基团和矿物组成,对附加碱金属Ca的灰样进行了熔融特性分析。研究表明,钙基对SO2、NOx的释放有一定的抑制作用。当过量空气系数α为1.0时,石灰石的添加对NOx减排最为明显。且随着木屑含量的减少,NOx产率有所降低;钙基对SO2的脱除受反应温度的影响。在温度为700～900℃、Ca和S质量比为2.0时的固硫脱硫效果最好;在CaCO3的作用下,底灰的熔融现象基本消失。 相似文献
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为探讨鲜食核桃冷藏期间品质变化规律,在(0±1)℃、相对湿度(RH)70%～80%的贮藏条件下,以辽河4号（L4）、西扶1号（X1）和西扶2 号（X2）核桃品种为试材,采用0.03 mm 厚聚乙烯（PE）袋包装,定期对其相关指标进行测定。结果显示,贮藏初期（15 d）呼吸强度迅速下降,之后维持在低且平稳的水平;3个品种之间水分、脂肪、蛋白质及氨基酸含量均呈现极显著差异;贮藏期间蛋白质含量变化不显著;脂肪、不饱和脂肪酸含量及维生素E含量总体呈现下降趋势;氨基酸含量30 d 时最高,之后保持下降趋势;酸价及过氧化值呈现上升趋势;贮藏中后期（60 d后）酸价、过氧化值、好果率及感官品质急剧下降。结果表明：鲜食核桃贮藏品质受品种影响很大,60 d 为鲜食核桃适宜贮藏期,以L4品质最好。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献