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1.
《Forest Policy and Economics》2006,8(6):857-867
In this paper, we examine national conditions that encourage the growth of a private regulatory environmental system to govern forests. Economic, institutional and social capital variables for 117 countries are used to examine factors determining forest certification under the Forest Stewardship Council and domestic competitor schemes. Although economic factors, such as forest exports and GDP, are important in explaining the likelihood that a country's forest management practices are certified, the regression results support the idea that economic institutions and the social context under which firms and forest landowners seek certification matters. The ability of citizens to influence the political process is also significant; in particular, the likelihood that firms and forest owners will seek to certify their forest practices is significantly reduced if women have little or no effective voice in civil society. 相似文献
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森林认证能否与一国林业可持续管理政策协同发展？ 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
森林认证对一国林业政策的影响因不同经济体而异。文中首先从理论方面归纳出森林认证作为市场机制和林业政策作为政策机制相互矛盾但又相互联系、相互作用的特点。其次,结合实践,通过对比和评述不同类型经济体代表国家的森林认证及其对本国林业政策的影响发现:在发达经济体国家,森林认证与林业政策往往相互促进、协同发展;在发展中经济体国家,两者存在重叠,导致低效;在转型经济体国家,两者存在对抗。再次,考察并总结了影响森林认证和林业政策关系的主要因素,认为二者的关系与一国经济、社会发展形态以及对森林认证的认知程度和公民的参与程度有关。最后,提出建议并指明未来研究方向。 相似文献
3.
Giulio Di Lallo Mauro Maesano Mauro Masiero Giuseppe Scarascia Mugnozza Marco Marchetti 《Small-Scale Forestry》2016,15(3):393-411
Small forest holders own approximately 55 % of European forests. Forest certification can effectively support smallholders in environmental and socio-economic terms and increasing their access to certification is a priority for all the certification systems. With the aim of gaining a better insight into the smallholder certification scenario, this study identifies and analyzes the main factors influencing the diffusion of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) smallholder certification in Europe. Potential strategies to help FSC meet the requirement of smallholders—and as a consequence enhance their access to certification—are pointed out. First, European FSC certification reports were reviewed; second, a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats-Analytic Network Process (SWOT-ANP) analysis was applied. The review of the reports shows that FSC certification allows achieving substantial environmental and social improvements, making a valuable contribution to ordinary management. The SWOT-ANP analysis reveals a common awareness that the FSC scheme has been customized for the small-scale forestry over the last years—indeed, the certificates issued annually are increasing—but the need to make further progress and to provide adequate technical-managerial support to smallholders during all certification phases still emerge. Results from the economic analysis highlight that certification may be a good opportunity to increase commercial relationships and exchanges, by facilitating the entrance of certified products to dedicated high-value markets. Findings also highlight social and environmental shortcomings concerning forest workers conditions and management practices. 相似文献
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Why Certify? Motivations,Outcomes and the Importance of Facilitating Organizations in Certification of Community-Based Forestry Initiatives 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Despite documented challenges, many community-based forestry (CBF) initiatives pursue forest certification. This study asked
community-based forestry practitioners in Vermont what influenced their decisions to seek or not seek certification and what
outcomes were realized from certification. Relationships, public image, value alignment and feedback on management practices
were most commonly cited as both motivations for and results of certification. Expectations for economic benefits were low
and price premiums for products were only occasionally realized. Informants complained of the increasing cost, complexity
and time commitment required of certification. Overall, however, certified CBF informants felt certification was worth the
expense. Group certificates and external funding significantly reduced certification costs to grassroots CBF initiatives.
This study highlights the importance of facilitating organizations that can provide outreach, secure funding, understand the
rules, handle documentation and develop markets for certified products. 相似文献
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Forest Certification as an Instrument for Improved Forest Management within Small-scale Forestry 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Since early 1990 ties, Swedish forest land is increasingly becoming certified. Today all major forest owners have joined the
Swedish FSC-standard (Forest Stewardship Council), while small-scale forest owners preferably are joining the PEFC scheme
(Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification). With the overall aim of gaining a better insight into which small-scale
forest owners that have decided to take up on forest certification, and how their forest management practices have been affected
by this choice, two set of data has been analyzed; one consisting Data Base of Forest Owner Analysis (DBFOA) data relating
to approximately 14,000 properties whereof 1955 were found to be certified, and the other one including data from a follow
up questionnaire sent out only to owners with certified forest properties. Results show that certified and non-certified forest
properties are managed differently and in particular that harvesting on certified properties has increased. Differences in
management seem to be connected principally to the fact that forest owners from generally more active sub-groups embrace forest
certification requirements. Moreover, our results shows that economic motives for joining a certification scheme are just
as prevalent as environmental motives and a majority of forest owners regard certification as something that favors profitability
rather than consider it to restrict economic yield. 相似文献
6.
Community-based Forest Operations (CFOs) have played a notable role in promoting sustainability within Cameroon??s indigenous forest-dependent communities, but they are fraught with a range of socio-economic and ecological hurdles. As a means of achieving more sustainable forest practices, one possible solution would be for CFOs to adopt forest certification, though various barriers would have to be overcome. Using a number of examples at the regional level, this paper examines the potential benefits and barriers to community forest certification in Cameroon. Specifically, the paper identifies these barriers as legislative and political, economic, and informational in nature. While adoption of forest certification hinges upon what initiatives are employed by CFOs, it is argued that there is also a need for the government of Cameroon to play a leadership role in removing hurdles and promoting the uptake of certification. 相似文献
7.
Forest certification for community-based forest management was designed to strengthen an area’s forestry functions while simultaneously alleviating poverty by developing the existing community forest. It is fundamental for forest certification to maintain the economic benefits for certified local sellers and balance conservation goals with increasing local incomes. This study explores how FSC certification of a community-based forest enterprise in Southeast Sulawesi in Indonesia could improve effectively field situations of community forest management and strengthen local peoples’ financial benefits and social perceptions towards conserving forests. FSC group certification was introduced in the area of teak community forest of several villages in 2005. Because of local strong interest in group certification, the size of certified forests, the number of group certification members and the amount of certified wood harvested gradually increased. The support of a local NGO and an international NGO contributed towards successful establishment of group certification and establishment of a small-scale forestry enterprise producing certified wood in a sustainable manner. These NGOs played important roles in establishing strong relationships between producers and consumers, strengthening local forest management institutions, and promising social and economic benefits to the local people. 相似文献
8.
The paper examines the two forest certification schemes in Brazil, the Brazilian Program of Forest Certification (Cerflor) and the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), from the private sector perspective. The main focus is to test the relevance of three mechanisms—market, learning, and signaling—suggested by Overdevest and Rickenbach (2006), to explain forest certification adoption by Brazilian companies. Furthermore, companies' familiarity with certification systems, external influences on pursuing forest certification, and companies' intention to recertify their forests are investigated. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) suggests that signaling and learning mechanisms lead to better and more transparent forest management, explaining the movement towards certification, but market incentives do not play an important role in the adoption of forest certification. An importance and performance analysis (IPA) demonstrates that companies do not see any return in terms of a better price for certified products; however, certificate holders indicated overall high satisfaction with market access. Interestingly, a high performance was found for non-economic benefits such as public confidence, improvement of forest management and practices, improvement of management systems and performance, self-discovery of non-conformance, and better public, landowner, and supplier communication. International consumers and shareholders were considered the most important groups influencing companies to seek certification and FSC was reported to be the most familiar scheme. Generally, companies were pleased with certification and indicated their intention to recertify. 相似文献
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文中基于贸易引力模型,以73个开展森林认证的国家（地区）2015—2020年林产品进出口贸易数据为被解释变量、森林认证证书数量为核心解释变量,结合经济规模、经济发展水平、地理距离、森林资源禀赋和加入WTO、自由贸易区协定签署情况等影响因素,对森林认证与林产品贸易间的关系进行实证分析。研究结果表明:一国所拥有的森林认证证书数量增加能够显著促进林产品出口和进口;若贸易双方经济规模较大且经济发展水平相当,均加入WTO或签署自由贸易协定也会促进该国林产品出口和进口;本国森林资源丰富有助于林产品出口,同时会减少林产品进口;双边距离过远则会阻碍两国林产品出口和进口。建议我国完善顶层设计,持续推进森林认证,通过深化与国际组织和其他国家森林认证体系的交流与合作,保护森林、改善环境,实现可持续发展。 相似文献
12.
从森林认证到区域生态认证——区域可持续发展的市场化路径 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
建立一个有效运行机制对可持续发展十分重要,生态认证是实现可持续发展的一种市场机制.具有标本意义的FSC森林认证只是一种特殊区域的生态认证,而普遍适用的区域生态认证体系即区域生态认证(REC)是依据生态-技术-经济模型下的生态、经济、社会指标,对具有一定生态、社会、行政特征区域的生态系统进行的认证,由专业化的区域生态系统治理企业申请认证以取得REC标志使用权,并通过市场交易向区域内企业和组织转让使用权以实现经营利润. 相似文献
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近年来森林认证在我国取得了较大进展,逐步成为我国森林资源管理制度的有益补充。森林认证的要求主要涉及环境、经济和社会等方面。现有的环境影响评估指南或操作规范主要针对建设项目,我国森林经营单位在开展森林认证的过程中,普遍面临着对环境影响评估的步骤、方法不了解和缺乏实践操作指南的问题。文中以国际、国内森林认证标准关于森林经营环境影响评估的具体要求为出发点,认为森林经营单位的日常环境影响评估包括总体评估和针对特定经营活动的评估,阐述了2类评估的具体内容及应评估的要素,指出在评估时应考虑的问题,在此基础上提出减缓负面环境影响的措施建议,以期为我国森林经营单位开展营林活动环境影响快速评估提供可操作的应用技术指南。 相似文献
15.
中国开展人工林FSC认证面临的潜在障碍 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
人工林在中国林业发展中占据了重要地位, 但由于其带来的各种问题迫切要求实现可持续经营。FSC森林可持续经营认证充分考虑了经济效益、生态效益和社会效益的协调, 有助于人工林经营向着可持续的方向发展, 对于解决人工林经营中存在的问题有积极意义。但中国的人工林经营在遵守FSC认证的要求时可能存在一些障碍。针对FSC森林经营认证的具体标准或指标, 列出了中国人工林经营存在的一些潜在的不符合项, 并提出了建议。 相似文献
16.
森林认证的现状与发展趋势 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：14
森林认证出现于20世纪90年代初,10年来,森林认证在全球范围内取得了快速的发展。文中介绍了森林认证的起源和发展现状,指出了森林认证的发展趋势,并对我国开展森林认证提出了建议。 相似文献
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文中基于管理学、经济学、社会学和企业社会责任视角对森林认证运行理论基础进行分析,指出全球化的林业产业供应链是森林认证产生的前提,供应链的可持续性是森林认证产生的内在要求,供应链的干预为森林认证的发展提供了可行性,消费者选择理论是森林认证运行背后的经济思考,制度信任是森林认证制度平稳运行的保证;总结归纳4个理论基础的关系,指出供应链理论是森林认证运行理论基础的核心;分析了森林认证的运行机理,指出森林认证是运用消费者选择、信任和企业社会责任等理论不断改进林业产业供应链的过程。 相似文献
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我国开展森林认证的目的,主要是改善森林经营状况和促进林产品的国际市场准入。作为我国木材产品主要供应基地之一的东北国有林区应该在这样一个有利的契机下,抓住机遇,改变现有国有林区普遍出现的森林资源危机、经济危困和生态环境遭受严重破坏的局面。新形势下,东北国有林区如何开展多种经营,并通过森林认证这一市场机制来实现森林可持续经营值得我们进一步研究。 相似文献
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Forest certification programmes promote sustainable management of the world's forests. Certification can be given to a forest management system that fulfils certain environmental, social and economic criteria. 相似文献
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试论我国开展森林认证工作 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
开展森林认证工作是我国森林经营与管理工作与国际接轨的一个重要内容,是实现我国森林可持续经营的有效途径。文章介绍了我国森林认证的开展情况,分析了在我国开展森林认证可能存在的问题和障碍,提出了在我国开展森林认证的建议。 相似文献