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1.
Protein phosphorylation is involved in the regulation of a wide variety of physiological processes and is the result of a balance between protein kinase and phosphatase activities. Biologically active marine derived compounds have been shown to represent an interesting source of novel compounds that could modify that balance. Among them, the marine toxin and tumor promoter, okadaic acid (OA), has been shown as an inhibitor of two of the main cytosolic, broad-specificity protein phosphatases, PP1 and PP2A, thus providing an excellent cell-permeable probe for examining the role of protein phosphorylation, and PP1 and PP2A in particular, in any physiological or pathological process. In the present work, we review the use of okadaic acid to identify specific phosphoepitopes mainly in proteins relevant for neurodegeneration. We will specifically highlight those cases of highly dynamic phosphorylation-dephosphorylation events and the ability of OA to block the high turnover phosphorylation, thus allowing the detection of modified residues that could be otherwise difficult to identify. Finally, its effect on tau hyperhosphorylation and its relevance in neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia will be discussed. 相似文献
2.
Ion Cristóbal Paula González-Alonso Lina Daoud Esther Solano Blanca Torrejón Rebeca Manso Juan Madoz-Gúrpide Federico Rojo Jesús García-Foncillas 《Marine drugs》2015,13(6):3276-3286
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a tumor suppressor complex that has recently been reported as a novel and highly relevant molecular target in prostate cancer (PCa). However, its potential therapeutic value remains to be fully clarified. We treated PC-3 and LNCaP cell lines with the PP2A activators forskolin and FTY720 alone or combined with the PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid. We examined PP2A activity, cell growth, prostasphere formation, levels of PP2A phosphorylation, CIP2A and SET expression, and AKT and ERK activation. Interestingly, both forskolin and FTY720 dephosphorylated and activated PP2A, impairing proliferation and prostasphere formation and inducing changes in AKT and ERK phosphorylation. Moreover, FTY720 led to reduced CIP2A levels. Treatment with okadaic acid impaired PP2A activation thus demonstrating the antitumoral PP2A-dependent mechanism of action of both forskolin and FTY720. Levels of PP2A phosphorylation together with SET and CIP2A protein expression were studied in 24 PCa patients and both were associated with high Gleason scores and presence of metastatic disease. Altogether, our results suggest that PP2A inhibition could be involved in PCa progression, and the use of PP2A-activating drugs might represent a novel alternative therapeutic strategy for treating PCa patients. 相似文献
3.
Jill A. Opsahl Sonja Ljostveit Therese Solstad Kristin Risa Peter Roepstorff Kari E. Fladmark 《Marine drugs》2013,11(6):1763-1782
Exposure of cells to the diarrhetic shellfish poison, okadaic acid, leads to a dramatic reorganization of cytoskeletal architecture and loss of cell-cell contact. When cells are exposed to high concentrations of okadaic acid (100–500 nM), the morphological rearrangement is followed by apoptotic cell death. Okadaic acid inhibits the broad acting Ser/Thr protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, which results in hyperphosphorylation of a large number of proteins. Some of these hyperphosphorylated proteins are most likely key players in the reorganization of the cell morphology induced by okadaic acid. We wanted to identify these phosphoproteins and searched for them in the cellular lipid rafts, which have been found to contain proteins that regulate cytoskeletal dynamics and cell adhesion. By using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture cells treated with okadaic acid (400 nM) could be combined with control cells before the isolation of lipid rafts. Protein phosphorylation events and translocations induced by okadaic acid were identified by mass spectrometry. Okadaic acid was shown to regulate the phosphorylation status and location of proteins associated with the actin cytoskeleton, microtubules and cell adhesion structures. A large number of these okadaic acid-regulated proteins have previously also been shown to be similarly regulated prior to cell proliferation and migration. Our results suggest that okadaic acid activates general cell signaling pathways that induce breakdown of the cortical actin cytoskeleton and cell detachment. 相似文献
4.
Pierre-Jean Ferron Kevin Hogeveen Valérie Fessard Ludovic Le Hégarat 《Marine drugs》2014,12(8):4616-4634
The phycotoxin, okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxin 1 and 2 (DTX-1 and -2) are protein phosphatase PP2A and PP1 inhibitors involved in diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). Data on the toxicity of the OA-group toxins show some differences with respect to the in vivo acute toxicity between the toxin members. In order to investigate whether OA and congeners DTX-1 and -2 may induce different mechanisms of action during acute toxicity on the human intestine, we compared their toxicological effects in two in vitro intestinal cell models: the colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line, Caco-2, and the intestinal muco-secreting cell line, HT29-MTX. Using a high content analysis approach, we evaluated various cytotoxicity parameters, including apoptosis (caspase-3 activation), DNA damage (phosphorylation of histone H2AX), inflammation (translocation of NF-κB) and cell proliferation (Ki-67 production). Investigation of the kinetics of the cellular responses demonstrated that the three toxins induced a pro-inflammatory response followed by cell cycle disruption in both cell lines, leading to apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that the three toxins induce similar effects, as no major differences in the cytotoxic responses could be detected. However DTX-1 induced cytotoxic effects at five-fold lower concentrations than for OA and DTX-2. 相似文献
5.
Actin and myosin inhibitors often blocked anaphase movements in insect spermatocytes in previous experiments. Here we treat cells with an enhancer of myosin, Calyculin A, which inhibits myosin-light-chain phosphatase from dephosphorylating myosin; myosin thus is hyperactivated. Calyculin A causes anaphase crane-fly spermatocyte chromosomes to accelerate poleward; after they reach the poles they often move back toward the equator. When added during metaphase, chromosomes at anaphase move faster than normal. Calyculin A causes prometaphase chromosomes to move rapidly up and back along the spindle axis, and to rotate. Immunofluorescence staining with an antibody against phosphorylated myosin regulatory light chain (p-squash) indicated increased phosphorylation of cleavage furrow myosin compared to control cells, indicating that calyculin A indeed increased myosin phosphorylation. To test whether the Calyculin A effects are due to myosin phosphatase or to type 2 phosphatases, we treated cells with okadaic acid, which inhibits protein phosphatase 2A at concentrations similar to Calyculin A but requires much higher concentrations to inhibit myosin phosphatase. Okadaic acid had no effect on chromosome movement. Backward movements did not require myosin or actin since they were not affected by 2,3-butanedione monoxime or LatruculinB. Calyculin A affects the distribution and organization of spindle microtubules, spindle actin, cortical actin and putative spindle matrix proteins skeletor and titin, as visualized using immunofluorescence. We discuss how accelerated and backwards movements might arise. 相似文献
6.
7.
Imtiaj Hasan Shigeki Sugawara Yuki Fujii Yasuhiro Koide Daiki Terada Naoya Iimura Toshiyuki Fujiwara Keisuke G. Takahashi Nobuhiko Kojima Sultana Rajia Sarkar M. A. Kawsar Robert A. Kanaly Hideho Uchiyama Masahiro Hosono Yukiko Ogawa Hideaki Fujita Jiharu Hamako Taei Matsui Yasuhiro Ozeki 《Marine drugs》2015,13(12):7377-7389
MytiLec; a novel lectin isolated from the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis); shows strong binding affinity to globotriose (Gb3: Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glc). MytiLec revealed β-trefoil folding as also found in the ricin B-subunit type (R-type) lectin family, although the amino acid sequences were quite different. Classification of R-type lectin family members therefore needs to be based on conformation as well as on primary structure. MytiLec specifically killed Burkitt''s lymphoma Ramos cells, which express Gb3. Fluorescein-labeling assay revealed that MytiLec was incorporated inside the cells. MytiLec treatment of Ramos cells resulted in activation of both classical MAPK/ extracellular signal-regulated kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK-ERK) and stress-activated (p38 kinase and JNK) Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways. In the cells, MytiLec treatment triggered expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (a ligand of death receptor-dependent apoptosis) and activation of mitochondria-controlling caspase-9 (initiator caspase) and caspase-3 (activator caspase). Experiments using the specific MEK inhibitor U0126 showed that MytiLec-induced phosphorylation of the MEK-ERK pathway up-regulated expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, leading to cell cycle arrest and TNF-α production. Activation of caspase-3 by MytiLec appeared to be regulated by multiple different pathways. Our findings, taken together, indicate that the novel R-type lectin MytiLec initiates programmed cell death of Burkitt’s lymphoma cells through multiple pathways (MAPK cascade, death receptor signaling; caspase activation) based on interaction of the lectin with Gb3-containing glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains on the cell surface. 相似文献
8.
A Triticum tauschii protein kinase related to wheat PKABA1 is associated with ABA signaling and is distributed between the nucleus and cytosol 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Lynn D. Holappa M.K. Walker-Simmons T.H.D. Ho Dean E. Riechers Diane M. Beckles Russell L. Jones 《Journal of Cereal Science》2005,41(3):333-346
9.
以澳洲坚果品种‘O.C.’为试材,利用RT-PCR技术克隆获得2个丝氨酸/苏氨酸磷酸酶基因,分别命名为MiSTPP3和MiSTPP7,其编码序列长度分别为2095 bp和1700 bp。序列分析和系统进化分析表明,MiSTPP3含有MPP_PP5_C结构域,属于PP5亚家族;MiSTPP7含有MPP_PP7结构域,属于PP7亚家族。蛋白理化性质和亚细胞定位分析表明,MiSTPP3是一个稳定的亲水性蛋白,可能定位于质膜;MiSTPP7是一个不稳定的亲水性蛋白,可能定位于线粒体基质。生物信息学分析表明,MiSTPP3和MiSTPP7都是非分泌跨膜蛋白,其二级和三级结构的主要元件都是α螺旋、无规则卷曲和延伸链。RT-qPCR分析表明,MiSTPP3和MiSTPP7在澳洲坚果根、茎、叶、花和小果中都有不同的表达量;MiSTPP3受低温胁迫下调表达,而MiSTPP7上调表达,且二者都受干旱胁迫上调表达。因此,推测MiSTPP3和MiSTPP7可能参与澳洲坚果的生长发育及逆境胁迫反应。 相似文献
10.
基于对已有转录组数据的分析，发现花生AhAlSRK（LOC107458489）基因在耐铝花生品种99-1507和铝敏
感型花生品种中花2号（ZH 2号）受铝毒害后基因表达量出现明显差异，暗示其可能参与花生铝胁迫下信号传递铝
胁迫响应机制。花生AhAlSRK 基因与拟南芥富含亮氨酸类受体蛋白激酶（leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases,
LRR-RLKs）VIII_2亚家族中的AT1G56140 基因具有相似的结构，为同源基因。为验证花生AhAlSRK蛋白激酶活
性，克隆了AhAlSRK 的全长编码序列，并基于对AhAlSRK蛋白结构预测的基础上，克隆了AhAlSRK的胞内域，构建
其原核表达载体pGEX-6p-1-AhAlSRK-CD，转入大肠杆菌菌株Rosetta 2 (DE3) plysS。在1 mmol/L IPTG 条件下，
16 ℃低温诱导过夜，成功诱导可溶性GST-AhAlSRK-CD蛋白。重组蛋白GST-AhAlSRK-CD表达效率较高，经过自
磷酸化检测验证其具有丝/苏氨酸和酪氨酸激酶活性。实验结果为后续在蛋白质水平上探究AhAlSRK 基因响应铝
胁迫机理打下基础。 相似文献
11.
Chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light promotes the breakdown of collagen in the skin and disrupts the extracellular matrix (ECM) structure, leading to skin wrinkling. Pacific whiting (Merluccius productus) is a fish abundant on the Pacific coast. In the current study, we investigated the anti-wrinkle effect of hydrolysate from Pacific whiting skin gelatin (PWG) in UVB-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts and the molecular mechanisms involved. PWG effectively restored type 1 procollagen synthesis reduced by UVB-irradiation. Also, we found that PWG inhibited collagen degradation by inhibiting MMP1 expression. Furthermore, PWG decreased cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β associated with inflammatory responses and increased antioxidant enzymes, HO-1, SOD, GPx, CAT, and GSH content, a defense system against oxidative stress. In terms of molecular mechanisms, PWG increased collagen synthesis through activating the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/Smad pathway and decreased collagen degradation through inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinases/activator protein 1 (MAPK/AP-1) pathway. It also suppressed the inflammatory response through suppressing the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and increased antioxidant enzyme activity through activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2/heme oxygenase 1 (Nrf-2/HO-1) pathway. These multi-target mechanisms suggest that PWG may serve as an effective anti-photoaging material. 相似文献
12.
基于元分析的大豆含硫氨基酸相关基因挖掘与信息学分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提高含硫氨基酸组分是大豆品质改良的重要目标之一。本文借助Consensus Map 4.0高密度大豆遗传图谱,整合了33个含硫氨基酸QTL,并采用元分析方法,确定了8个含硫氨基酸Meta-QTL。通过QTL序列共线性区间分析,在Meta-QTL内筛选到7条用于候选基因发掘的基因组序列。利用基因功能注释,得到16个含硫氨基酸相关基因,包括6个氨基酸合成途径酶基因、1个11S大豆球蛋白A5A4B3亚基基因及9个调控基因。其中调控基因分别编码F-Box、PPR及转录因子3种蛋白。13个基因在NCBI数据库中分别有表达谱及SNP信息。大豆含硫氨基酸候选基因分析,可以为功能标记的开发和分子辅助育种提供有用信息。 相似文献
13.
根据几种丝状真菌Slt2类MAPK的保守氨基酸序列设计简并引物,从巴西橡胶树棒孢霉落叶病菌[Corynespora cassiicola(Berk.Curt.)Wei]中扩增出MAPK同源基因的部分片段,再利用染色体步移法延伸该片段的上、下游邻接序列,获得MAPK编码基因的全长序列,命名为CMP1(GenBank Accession No.GU321364)。序列分析表明,该基因含有5个外显子和4个内含子,编码417个氨基酸的多肽,推测分子量为47.5 ku,等电点为5.57。CMP1含有一个参与双重磷酸化作用的MAPK蛋白激活域(TEY),其氨基酸序列与丝状真菌的MAPK,AAslt2和MAP-kinase等高度同源。系统聚类结果显示,该基因与白菜黑斑病菌(Alternaria brassicicola)、细交链格孢菌(A.alternata)和玉米小斑病菌(Cochliobolus heterostrophus)的Slt2类MAPK基因具有较高的同源性。Southern杂交分析表明,CMP1基因在巴西橡胶树棒孢霉落叶病菌基因组中以单拷贝形式存在。 相似文献
14.
Byul-Nim Ahn Fatih Karadeniz Chang-Suk Kong Ki-Ho Nam Mi-Soon Jang Youngwan Seo Han Seong Kim 《Marine drugs》2016,14(9)
Lack of bone formation-related health problems are a major problem for the aging population in the modern world. As a part of the ongoing trend of developing natural substances that attenuate osteoporotic bone loss conditions, dioxinodehydroeckol (DHE) from edible brown alga Ecklonia cava was tested for its effects on osteoblastogenic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts. DHE was observed to successfully enhance osteoblast differentiation, as indicated by elevated cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, intracellular cell mineralization, along with raised levels of osteoblastogenesis indicators at the concentration of 20 μM. Results suggested a possible intervening of DHE on the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway, according to elevated protein levels of BMP-2, collagen-I, and Smads. In addition, the presence of DHE was also able to raise the phosphorylated extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) levels which are also activated by the BMP signaling pathway. In conclusion, DHE is suggested to be a potential bioactive compound against bone loss that could enhance osteoblastogenesis with a suggested BMP pathway interaction. 相似文献
15.
Zouher Amzil Amlie Derrien Aouregan Terre Terrillon Audrey Duval Coralie Connes Franoise Marco-Miralles Elisabeth Nzan Kenneth Neil Mertens 《Marine drugs》2021,19(7)
In France, four groups of lipophilic toxins are currently regulated: okadaic acid/dinophysistoxins, pectenotoxins, yessotoxins and azaspiracids. However, many other families of toxins exist, which can be emerging toxins. Emerging toxins include both toxins recently detected in a specific area of France but not regulated yet (e.g., cyclic imines, ovatoxins) or toxins only detected outside of France (e.g., brevetoxins). To anticipate the introduction to France of these emerging toxins, a monitoring program called EMERGTOX was set up along the French coasts in 2018. The single-laboratory validation of this approach was performed according to the NF V03-110 guidelines by building an accuracy profile. Our specific, reliable and sensitive approach allowed us to detect brevetoxins (BTX-2 and/or BTX-3) in addition to the lipophilic toxins already regulated in France. Brevetoxins were detected for the first time in French Mediterranean mussels (Diana Lagoon, Corsica) in autumn 2018, and regularly every year since during the same seasons (autumn, winter). The maximum content found was 345 µg (BTX-2 + BTX-3)/kg in mussel digestive glands in November 2020. None were detected in oysters sampled at the same site. In addition, a retroactive analysis of preserved mussels demonstrated the presence of BTX-3 in mussels from the same site sampled in November 2015. The detection of BTX could be related to the presence in situ at the same period of four Karenia species and two raphidophytes, which all could be potential producers of these toxins. Further investigations are necessary to understand the origin of these toxins. 相似文献
16.
Dianne Baunbk Nolwenn Trinkler Yoan Ferandin Olivier Lozach Poonsakdi Ploypradith Somsak Rucirawat Fumito Ishibashi Masatomo Iwao Laurent Meijer 《Marine drugs》2008,6(4):514-527
Lamellarins, a family of hexacyclic pyrrole alkaloids originally isolated from marine invertebrates, display promising anti-tumor activity. They induce apoptotic cell death through multi-target mechanisms, including inhibition of topoisomerase I, interaction with DNA and direct effects on mitochondria. We here report that lamellarins inhibit several protein kinases relevant to cancer such as cyclin-dependent kinases, dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation activated kinase 1A, casein kinase 1, glycogen synthase kinase-3 and PIM-1. A good correlation is observed between the effects of lamellarins on protein kinases and their action on cell death, suggesting that inhibition of specific kinases may contribute to the cytotoxicity of lamellarins. Structure/activity relationship suggests several paths for the optimization of lamellarins as kinase inhibitors. 相似文献
17.
吲哚-3-乙酸（又称IAA或生长素）,在植物生长发育中具有重要的调控作用,其作用主要通过信号转导途径来完成。生长素受体是其信号转导的关键元件之一。本研究通过RACE克隆,获得了茶树中生长素受体CsTIR1基因的cDNA全长序列（NCBI登录号：JX050147）。CsTIR1序列全长2β315βbp,含1β746βbp的完整开放阅读框,编码581个氨基酸,预测分子量65.18βkD,理论等电点（pI）5.64。茶树CsTIR1与烟草TIR1的相似性最高达82%,亲缘关系最近。CsTIR1含有1个F-box结构域和6个LRR结构域,三级结构形如“蘑菇状”。CsTIR1在茶树的根、茎、叶和花中具有组织表达特异性;其表达受IAA诱导,3种不同浓度的IAA均能诱导CsTIR1上调表达,且在50βμmol·L-1浓度下表达量最大;ABA、GA3、MeJA和BR等激素也能够显著上调其表达;CsTIR1在越冬休眠芽中的表达量低,在活跃期中上调表达。 相似文献
18.
为了进一步阐明化学杂交剂SQ-1诱导小麦花粉败育的分子机制,以西农1376为材料,采用RNA-seq技术,对PHYMS-1376及其对照可育系CK-1376四分体、单核早期、单核晚期、二核期、三核期花药进行转录组测序,筛选出差异表达基因,进行GO富集、KEGG富集和GSEA富集分析,并利用高效液相法分别检测了PHYMS-1376及CK-1376上述五个时期花药中ABA和JA含量,通过qRT-PCR技术分析了ABA和JA通路关键差异基因的表达模式。结果发现,与CK-1376相比,在PHYMS-1376花药中共筛选出了 36 058个差异表达基因,主要富集到植物激素信号传导、苯丙素生物合成、淀粉和蔗糖代谢、氨基酸的生物合成4个通路;JA含量在PHYMS-1376四分体花药中显著降低（P<0.05）,至单核早期显著升高,单核晚期又显著降低,二核期显著升高,三核期显著降低;ABA含量在PHYMS-1376四分体至三核期花药中含量均高于CK-1376,其中在单核早期、单核晚期和二核期差异显著,可能与不育系各时期花药中PP2C关键基因TraesCS1D02G271000表达量过低相关,致使PP2C蛋白含量减少,进一步激活BIN2/BILs激酶,使SnRK2s磷酸化,促进ABA含量增加。上述结果表明：PHYMS-1376各发育时期花药中JA含量的异常波动与ABA含量的显著增加及上述2个通路关键基因的差异表达可能与SQ-1诱导小麦花粉败育密切相关。本研究为深入揭示SQ-1诱导小麦生理型雄性不育机理提供了一定的理论基础。 相似文献
19.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Mary L. Hall Joseph Lach Jonathan Clifford Kevin Chandrasena Caitlin Canton Maria Kontoyianni Yeun-Mun Choo Dev Karan Mark T. Hamann 《Marine drugs》2021,19(9)
Manzamines are complex polycyclic marine-derived β-carboline alkaloids with reported anticancer, immunostimulatory, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antimalarial, neuritogenic, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis suppression bioactivities, putatively associated with inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3, cyclin-dependent kinase 5, SIX1, and vacuolar ATPases. We hypothesized that additional, yet undiscovered molecular targets might be associated with Manzamine A’s (MZA) reported pharmacological properties. We report here, for the first time, that MZA selectively inhibited a 90 kDa ribosomal protein kinase S6 (RSK1) when screened against a panel of 30 protein kinases, while in vitro RSK kinase assays demonstrated a 10-fold selectivity in the potency of MZA against RSK1 versus RSK2. The effect of MZA on inhibiting cellular RSK1 and RSK2 protein expression was validated in SiHa and CaSki human cervical carcinoma cell lines. MZA’s differential binding and selectivity toward the two isoforms was also supported by computational docking experiments. Specifically, the RSK1-MZA (N- and C-termini) complexes appear to have stronger interactions and preferable energetics contrary to the RSK2–MZA ones. In addition, our computational strategy suggests that MZA binds to the N-terminal kinase domain of RSK1 rather than the C-terminal domain. RSK is a vertebrate family of cytosolic serine-threonine kinases that act downstream of the ras-ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2) pathway, which phosphorylates substrates shown to regulate several cellular processes, including growth, survival, and proliferation. Consequently, our findings have led us to hypothesize that MZA and the currently known manzamine-type alkaloids isolated from several sponge genera may have novel pharmacological properties with unique molecular targets, and MZA provides a new tool for chemical-biology studies involving RSK1. 相似文献
20.
实时荧光定量PCR（qPCR）技术因其具有简单灵敏、准确高效等诸多优点,成为目的基因表达水平研究最常用的技术手段。而结果的可靠性取决于很多因素,其中使用合适的内参基因是qPCR技术最基本的应用前提。许多研究表明没有一种内参基因可以在任何条件下都能稳定地表达。目前尚未见到关于蝴蝶兰低温生长条件下最佳内参基因选择的有关报道。蛋白磷酸酶2A（PP2A）是真核生物体内一种主要的细胞内源丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白磷酸酶。本研究根据蝴蝶兰低温转录组测序结果克隆得到1个PP2A的A亚基基因,其cDNA开放阅读框（ORF）长度为1764 bp,编码1个含有587个氨基酸的蛋白,将该基因命名为PhPP2Aa,GenBank登录号为MW847782。序列分析结果表明,该基因与其他植物PP2A核苷酸序列相似性均在80%以上,氨基酸序列与小兰屿蝴蝶兰PP2A序列相似性为99.66%。基于氨基酸序列进化分析结果表明,蝴蝶兰PhPP2Aa与小兰屿蝴蝶兰和铁皮石斛的亲缘关系最近。将蝴蝶兰PP2A与其他7种候选内参基因（TUA、TUB、ACTIN、F-box、RPL19、RPL36及RPL41）进行实时荧光定量PCR,用3种常用内参基因分析软件对各个基因Ct值进行稳定性分析,结果表明蝴蝶兰8个候选内参基因在低温胁迫条件下表达水平最稳定的内参基因为PP2A,其次为ACTIN;最不稳定的基因为F-box,其次为TUA。以蝴蝶兰PP2A作为内参基因探讨低温胁迫响应基因PhNAC1的表达情况,结果显示蝴蝶兰PhNAC1的表达模式符合低温胁迫条件下的表达特性。该结果表明蝴蝶兰PhPP2Aa基因可作为低温胁迫条件下目的基因转录水平研究的内参基因。 相似文献