首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 531 毫秒
1.
An analysis of the food of 274 specimens of Tilapia aurea (Steindachner), which had been collected in Lake Kinneret, showed that this species is mainly a zooplankton consumer.A study of the quantitative dynamics of the food components in the course of a year has proved that the species in question feeds more intensely in spring, this being the time when zooplankton forms are more abundant in the water of the lake. Vegetable detritus, mixed with plankton and benthos forms, served as additional and alternative food.The lack of clearly positive degree of food component selectivity, as well as the low values of the intestine repletion index and of the condition coefficient, account for the slowness in growth of Tilapia aurea in Lake Kinneret.The low values of the growth and feeding indices are due, according to the authors, to the pressure brought to bear by the other local fish species, which are competitors for the same food.  相似文献   

2.
Daphnia lumholtzi (Sars) was found in Lake Kinneret until the late nineteen-fifties. Lake Kinneret was the northern-most limit of the distribution of this species. It is suggested that fingerlings of grey mullets and Sarotherodon aureus that were introduced into Lake Kinneret caused the extinction of D. lumholtzi.  相似文献   

3.
The waters of Lake Quarun have undergone severe chemical changes in the last 50 years. Salinity has increased progressively and is now 38‰ in some regions of the lake. Tilapia zillii is the only species that has not been affected by the salinity increase. Mullet fry have been stocked in the lake since 1928. There has been a progressive increase in the average total production of mullet from 0.45 tons (1929–1932) to 128.25 tons (1966–1969), and to 291.67 tons (1975/76–1978/79). Length and age composition of mullets in Lake Quarun were studied. The growth in length and weight of Mugil cephalus showed that the fish were in better condition in Lake Quarun than in other coastal areas of Egypt.It is recommended that studies should continue to improve survival of transplanted mullet fry into the lake, and on the artificial propagation of mullets on site.  相似文献   

4.
Abstract  Blue-green algae (Cyanophyta) and green algae (Chlorophyta) were the principal food items ingested by Oreochromis esculentus (Graham) in Lake Kanyaboli. Diatoms (Bacillariophyta), euglenoids (Euglenophyta) and zooplankton were also consistently present in the diet in small quantities. O. esculentus of different sizes fed on similar food items in the lake. The species fed actively during the day, from 0700 h until 1700 h when peak feeding activity occurred. Thereafter, digestion took place steadily until 0600 h, when 90% of the fish had empty stomachs. The diet composition remained the same throughout the year, as did the composition of phytoplankton in the lake. O. esculentus tended to select and digest the diatoms and zooplankton and, to some extent, the euglenoids. Blue-green and green algae were the least utilized food items and passed through the gut undigested.  相似文献   

5.
Redbelly tilapia (Tilapia zillii; Gervais, 1848) is one of the most valuable freshwater species in North Africa representing an important part of the continental production, especially in brackish lakes. In Algeria, T. zillii is distributed in several lakes and tributaries of some rivers in the south. Though some attempts are in progress to culture this species, many investigations covering its biology and farm management are still needed. In this sense, this is the first study attempting to evaluate some of the T. zillii immune parameters and valuable data to assess their health and well-being status. Thus, we have determined the levels of serum peroxidases as well as the alternative complement, antiprotease and bactericidal activities. Furthermore, we have also evaluated the potential impact of two acute stress factors, commonly found in fish farms, in these parameters. Although it was assessed that fish exposed to low temperatures or crowding were stressed, as indicated by their increased serum levels of cortisol and glucose, both acute stressors failed to significantly affect serum peroxidases as well as antiprotease and complement activities. However, the bactericidal activity was reduced in general but only in those exposed to crowding reached statistical significance. Further studies are needed to characterise the immune response in T. zillii as well as the effects that farming stresses may produce.  相似文献   

6.
Periodicity and timing of opaque zone formation in otoliths of introduced redbelly tilapia, Tilapia zillii (Gervais), in Crater Lake Nkuruba, Uganda, were validated using marginal increment. Age and growth were assessed through readings of biannuli in thin‐sectioned sagittal otoliths. Deposition of opaque zone formation in T. zillii otoliths was bimodal (March–May and September–November), corresponding to two seasonal peaks of precipitation characteristic of this equatorial region. Ages of T. zillii ranged from 2 to 8 years, with fish gillnetted offshore having a faster growth and attaining larger size‐at‐age than fish captured inshore in minnow traps, suggesting that use of multiple gears is needed when estimating the growth of T. zillii. Total instantaneous mortality (Z), estimated using catch curve analysis, was 0.74 for gillnetted fish and 0.71 for trapped fish. These estimates were at the low end of the total mortality reported for other tilapia species. Natural mortality (M) was estimated as 0.52–0.54 by applying Rikhter and Efanov's maximum age at maturity and Hoenig's maximum age methods, respectively. Fishing mortality (F) in Lake Nkuruba was 0.17–0.22, indicating a low exploitation level in the lake.  相似文献   

7.
Abstract –  The African big barb ( Barbus intermedius , R.) from Lake Awassa, Ethiopia is an important fish species, especially with the ongoing decline of the Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus , L.) fishery. Their diet and habitat use was studied using stomach content analyses, stable nitrogen and carbon isotopes, and transect netting. Mercury biomagnification was also determined. The big barb was found to primarily exist in the littoral habitat, with molluscs being their predominant food item. The proportion of small fish ( Barbus paludinosus , P.) in the big barb diet tended to vary somewhat with size, with the largest fish tending to have the most piscivorous diet. Mercury concentrations in the big barb ranged from 0.01 to 0.94 mg·kg−1, and were positively related with size. Fish transects and stable isotope analyses suggest that there may be two feeding forms of big barb in Lake Awassa, with some larger fish preying upon fish (and accumulating higher mercury concentrations). With the declining Nile tilapia fishery in Lake Awassa, the implication of fishermen focusing on large big barb, with its associated higher Hg burdens, is significant with human health ramifications.  相似文献   

8.
Each of 15 experimental groups of American oysters and hard clams was fed one of 15 diets composed of various mixtures of four species of algae (Carteria chui, Isochrysis galbana, Platymonas suecica, Thalassiosira pseudonana) for 6 weeks. Growth of hard and soft tissue was not correlated with gross chemical (protein, lipid, carbohydrate, ash) or amino acid composition of the diets but was instead related to the presence or absence of particular algal species in the diets. Growth was generally least in diets containing large proportions of C. chui and greatest in diets containing large amounts of I. galbana or T. pseudonana. Diets containing both I. galbana and T. pseudonana invariably supported greater growth than diets consisting solely of either species, indicating synergism in the relative food values of the species. P. suecica was a relatively poor food when used as the sole component of the diet, but its food value was markedly increased when fed in combination with either (or both) I. galbana or (and) T. pseudonana. Two contrasting hypotheses explaining this interaction are presented.  相似文献   

9.
Preliminary determinations for the best species combination for the fastest rate of growth of Tilapia nilotica (Saro therodon niloticus) and T. zillii indicated that T. nilotica grew better (1.3 g/day) when raised with T. zillii (0.9 g/day) and common carp, Cyprinus carpio (3.2 g/day). In other non-replicated experiments involving T. nilotica and T. zillii only, growth rates of 1.0 g/day and 0.9 g/day were recorded respectively which bettered those observed in monoculture experiments, namely 0.8 g/day and 0.6 g/day respectively.  相似文献   

10.
As early as 1962, two mugil species were introduced into Lake Kinneret, in annual quantities of about 1.5·106 fry, taken from rivulets flowing into the Mediterranean. These were collected by means of specially devised beach seines. Stocking activity of mugil reached its peak in 1967, when 5.6·106 fry were introduced into the Lake.The total number of mugil fry introduced in these 11 years, was 19·106 specimen.The result was a yield of nearly 1 800 tons of mugil during this time, consisting of only two species: Mugil capito and Mugil cephalus. The fish reached a weight of 1–4 kg. Costs incurred in the stocking activity were less than 10% of the revenue of the yield.Up to the present, each million of small mugil fry, produced 100 tons of mugil catch, and large schools of mugil are as yet living and growing in the lake, so that additional large yields of mugil in the catch can be expected.Pollution of rivulets and great competition over the remaining fry, concentrating in the few rivulets left unpolluted, decrease the expectation for large quantities of fry for restocking. The main solution to this problem is induced spawning.  相似文献   

11.
General muscle proteins and parvalbumins of Tilapia dageti (Thys van den Audenaerde), T. guineensis (Bleeker) and T. zillii (Gervais) (Pisces, Cichlidae) which occur sympatrically in Ghana were subjected to various electrophoretic and immunological assays, and erythrocytes of the species underwent agglutination tests. These investigations aimed to identify species-specific markers, as discrimination of the three closely related species based on morphology has been difficult. A positive agglutination reaction of T. zillii erythrocytes with the soy bean lectin distinguished this species from the other two. Allozyme screening of general muscle proteins revealed loci at which the three species were monomorphic and fixed for different alleles. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelec-trofocussing of parvalbumins revealed species-specific protein profiles for the three tilapias. Immunoelectrophoresis and Western blot tests of parvalbumins with an antiserum to T. guineensis parvalbumins also produced species-specific band patterns. The results offer alternative options for the unambiguous identification of the investigated species as well as of closely related organisms in general. This is a prerequisite for the study, conservation or breeding of any species.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract— Resource partitioning was studied on four assemblages of haplochromine cichlids at rocky islands in the southern part of Lake Victoria. The emphasis was put on diet segregation, while data on microhabitat segregation were mainly used to determine potential competitors for food. Diet and microhabitat segregation were demonstrated in all four assemblages. In one of the assemblages we observed little partitioning of resources among two filamentous algae feeders. The role of competition for food is discussed on the basis of fluctuations in diet overlap in relation to seasonal changes in food supply. Diet overlap proved to be highest in periods of food abundance. This is in concordance with the hypothesis that competition decreases in case of food abundance. Furthermore, we compared fish densities between assemblages, because competition would regulate density. We found that diets were most diverse in the assemblage with lowest fish density, while interspecific differences in diet were smallest. Food seems not to be limiting in this particular assemblage, and factors other than competition for food are probably more important in regulating density here.  相似文献   

13.
五里湖人工基质上着生藻类群落结构及其影响因子研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
对五里湖人工基质上着生藻类进行了初步研究,以期了解五里湖着生藻类群落结构生态特征并丰富该湖水生生物研究。2012年5月使用载玻片作为人工基质,采用挂片收集法对五里湖着生藻类建群模式进行为期4周的研究,同步测定水体理化指标用以分析建群过程的影响因子。结果表明:建群过程共鉴定出藻类5门35属51种,以硅藻门为优势种类,共12属26种,占总数的51.0%;第一优势种为瞳孔舟形藻(Navicula pupula),优势度Y=0.439;群落密度变化范围为4.96~23 870.63个/mm2,平均值为(10 682.47±8 365.09)个/mm~2;生物量变化范围为9.30×10~(-6)~7.10×10~(-2)mg/mm~2,平均值为(3.16±2.50)×10~(-2)mg/mm~2;两者的第1次峰值均出现在第11天。群落香农-威纳指数(H)变幅1.54~2.57、平均值2.14±0.29,均匀度指数(J)变幅0.49~1、平均值0.69±0.11,丰富度指数(D)变幅1.24~2.52、平均值1.91±0.32。多样性指数评价并结合水质分析显示,研究水域处于中度富营养水平,总体为中度污染。根据藻类群落密度和生物量的变化趋势,五里湖着生藻类群落发展过程也可划分为延迟期、指数生长期、成熟衰退期和再次生长期等4个阶段;Pearson相关性分析显示,水体理化指标中TP、TN、SD、NH_4~+-N为群落发展的主要影响因子。  相似文献   

14.
为了解南太湖水域近年来水质状况,以及蓝藻生物量与氨氮和总氮之间的变化规律,实验采用统计学方法,对南太湖水域3个入湖口(小梅港、新塘港、大钱港)水质中蓝藻生物量、氨氮和总氮的年变化特征进行了调查;使用SPSS10.0中的Bivariate(pcarson)软件对蓝藻生物量与氨氮和总氮的相关性进行了分析。结果表明:(1)南太湖入湖口蓝藻生物量一般有两个高位期,一个是在每年5—6月,另一个在每年的9—10月;(2)南太湖入湖口的总氮浓度处于富营养水平,并有向重富营养化发展的迹象;(3)蓝藻生物量与氨氮浓度的相关性系数r介于0.102～0.290,呈现不相关;(4)2008—2009年蓝藻生物量与总氮浓度的相关系数r介于0.010～0.210,呈现不相关;2010年蓝藻生物量与总氮浓度的相关系数r介于0.430～0.474,呈现低度负相关。结果说明南太湖入湖口的氮营养盐已经不容忽视,湖泊中氨氮和总氮浓度升高,将为蓝藻的繁殖生长提供条件,蓝藻一旦暴发,氨氮和总氮浓度反而迅速降低,在南太湖水域蓝藻生物量与氨氮和总氮浓度之间存在一定的此消彼长规律。  相似文献   

15.
P. clarkii was introduced into Lake Naivasha in about 1970 since when it has multiplied and now forms an important organism in the eastern basin. It breeds throughout the year but with a distinct peak being obvious at such times as when the water level increases, which it does erratically. The increase in distribution and numbers from 1974–1976 is recorded; this will obviously continue as there are ample areas which it does not occupy at present. The density of population in the eastern basin is between one and three individuals of marketable size per square metre. The quality of tail meat was surveyed because of the fishery potential of the species. In some parts of the littoral region of the lake many animals were found to have atrophied muscles in the tail; it is suggested that this may in part be due to dietary deficiency. P. clarkii has been introduced into the catchment areas of three major Kenyan rivers, including the Nzoia River draining to Lake Victoria. The implications of this for established gill net fisheries are discussed in the light of experience at Lake Naivasha where the species is a nuisance.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract –  Three sympatric whitefish ( Coregonus lavaretus (L.)) forms, one being pelagic and two benthic, segregate available habitat and food resources in subarctic Lake Muddusjärvi, northern Finland. Zooplankton availability in the lake, food composition, diet-overlap and growth of densely rakered (DR) whitefish were examined during June to September to explore the reasons for the small individual size of the pelagic form. DR whitefish used zooplankton as main food item and prey selection followed zooplankton species density proportions in the lake. Zooplankton density and water temperature was highest in July–August. The average lengths of Bosmina spp., Daphnia spp., Calanoida and Cyclopoida in DR whitefish stomach were higher than in zooplankton sample during June–September, except Calanoida in June. Diet-overlap between DR whitefish age groups was high at all months indicating intercohort resource competition. DR whitefish reached sexual maturity at 3 years of age and at the length of 12 cm, after which somatic growth almost ceased. Reason for the small average size and slow growth of DR whitefish were connected to high diet-overlap between age groups and early sexual maturation.  相似文献   

17.
Rotifers were fed on a laboratory-cultured alga, Platymonas (= Tetraselmis) suecica, and/or a diet composed of commercial single-cell proteins. They were given to sea-bass larvae up to day 15–20 after hatching, while Artemia nauplii were supplied from day 9–13. At day 21, the survival rate of fish obtained with rotifers fed on compound diet ranged between 32 and 82%, and their mean weight between 5.0 and 7.8 mg. When rotifers were fed either only on algae or on a mixture of 33% algae and 67% compound diet, the growth and survival rates of sea-bass were not clearly different to those obtained with rotifers fed on compound diet. No significant difference was observed when these rotifers were enriched with nutrients just before distributing them to fish. However, these rates appeared to be quite high in comparison to those obtained by several other authors. We can therefore recommend rotifers fed on compound diet as being, even without enrichment, convenient and low-cost food for sea-bass larvae.  相似文献   

18.
Four species of rabbitfishes, Siganus concatenata, S. oramin, S. striolata and S. virgata were held in rearing tanks and fed with benthic algae. Out of 101 algae species and 4 vascular plants offered, the fishes ate only 67 species. The electivity indices E, for 23 algae were determined. The species Enteromorpha intestinalis, Gracilaria confervoides and G. cylindrica proved to have the highest indices with E = 0.594, E = 0.269 and E = 0.182, respectively.  相似文献   

19.
本文以2种大型浮游动物和1种绿藻、2种铜绿微囊藻为研究对象,初步研究了浮游动物对藻类的摄食关系。实验结果表明当栅藻和无毒铜绿微囊藻CHAB109密度均为1.02×106cells/ml时,拟老年低额溞对二者的去除率分别为54.20%和6.45%,大型溞的则为49.77%和64.77%。同时,拟老年低额溞对栅藻和CHAB109混合藻液中的两种藻均有较好的去除效果,分别为60.65%和34.43%,高于对纯种藻的去除率。在遮光条件下浮游动物摄食量更大,对藻的去除效果更优。拟老年低额溞在锡箔遮光情况下,对初始藻细胞密度为3.023×105cells/ml的有毒微囊藻PCC7806去除率达到32.37%。7d日龄的浮游动物个体大,摄食量也大,有较好的去除效果,且随着添加浮游动物数量的增加,去除率也随着提高。高浓度的藻细胞对两种浮游动物存活率影响较低浓度大。浮游动物应用于藻类水华的控制,作用不容忽视,且若条件适宜,浮游动物也可较好的控制有毒蓝藻。当选用浮游动物控藻藻类水华时,需综合考量选用物种种类、大小、添加数量等因素。  相似文献   

20.
Round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) have invaded benthic habitats of the Laurentian Great Lakes and connected tributary streams. Although connected, these two systems generally differ in temperature (Great Lakes are typically colder), food availability (Dreissenid mussels are more prevalent in Great Lakes), and system size and openness. Here, we compare round goby life histories from inshore Lake Michigan and adjacent tributary systems—an uncommon case study of life‐history differences between connected systems. Tributary round gobies grew much faster (average length‐at‐age of 122.3 vs. 65.7 mm for Age 2 +  round gobies), appeared to have shorter life spans (maximum observed age of 2 vs. 5) and had lower age‐at‐50% maturity (1.6 vs. 2.4 years; females only) compared to gobies from Lake Michigan. In addition, tributary gobies had greater fecundity at Ages 1–2 than lake gobies, but had fewer eggs for a given body size prior to the first spawning event of the summer. We were not able to determine the cause of the observed life‐history differences. Nonetheless, the observed differences in growth, maturation and longevity were consistent with known effects of water temperature, as well as predictions of life‐history theory for animals at invasion fronts exposed to novel environmental conditions. The high degree of phenotypic plasticity in connected populations of this invasive species has implications for our understanding of invasive species impacts in different habitats.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号