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1.
交替隔沟灌溉下玉米根长密度分布及水分利用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探明交替隔沟灌溉和常规沟灌条件下玉米根长密度的分布规律及水分利用效率(WUE),研究了2种沟灌方式下玉米根长密度的空间分布和水分利用情况。结果表明,玉米根长密度在根区水平向和垂向呈指数分布。交替隔沟灌溉促进了玉米根系的水平向伸展和下扎深度,常规沟灌在垄位的大密度根系分布集中在20～60cm。交替隔沟灌溉增大了根系下扎深度,有利于根系吸收深层土壤水分,在非充分供水条件下提高了作物的水分利用效率,交替隔沟灌溉水分利用效率较常规沟灌提高5%以上。 相似文献
2.
隔沟交替灌溉在高原夏菜莴笋上的应用研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在甘肃河西走廊高海拔冷凉区以莴笋＂太原笋＂为试材,研究了常规沟灌（CFI）、固定隔沟灌溉（FFI）、隔沟交替灌溉（AFI）对莴笋生长、生理特性、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,隔沟交替灌溉（AFI）模式下莴笋的茎粗、茎重、产量、叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率与常规沟灌（CFI）模式下无显著差异。AFI较CFI节水22.2%、水分利用率提高26.9%,实现了经济产量不降低。莴笋上应用隔沟交替灌溉技术具有较大的节水潜力。 相似文献
3.
不同灌溉方式对制种玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过田间试验,研究了畦灌、常规沟灌、隔沟交替灌3种灌溉方式对制种玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响,结果表明,不同灌溉方式下,制种玉米产量为8.73~10.87 t/hm~2,耗水量为349.7~625.0 mm,WUE为1.40~3.01kg/m~3。隔沟交替灌溉方式耗水量最低,畦灌方式最高,常规沟灌居中。相同灌溉定额条件下,隔沟交替灌制种玉米产量较常规沟灌增减幅度在-2.43%~10.24%。常规沟灌方式若能保证作物需水关键期的灌溉,适度减少灌水不会造成制种玉米减产。产量构成要素结果表明,行粒数、出籽率、穗长、穗粗、秃尖长、千粒重产量构成要素对产量的累积贡献率达85.54%。在甘肃河西地区,制种玉米全生育期灌水8次(苗期1次,拔节期2次,抽穗期1次,灌浆期2次,乳熟期2次),灌溉定额2 250 m~3/hm~2的隔沟交替灌溉方式(T6处理)能稳定提高产量和水分利用效率。 相似文献
4.
研究不同水氮配施对轮作冬小麦-夏玉米灌浆期叶面积指数、光合速率、蒸腾速率及叶片水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,冬小麦旗叶光合速率和蒸腾速率均以处理W1500N210最高,叶面积指数和叶片水分利用率均以处理W1500N270最高,夏玉米叶片光合速率在处理W1500N270达到最高,蒸腾速率则以处理W1500N210最高;灌水和施氮及其交互效应对冬小麦、夏玉米叶面积指数、叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率和叶片水分利用率均有显著影响;冬小麦、夏玉米灌浆期叶面积指数、叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率和叶片水分利用率均随施氮量和灌水量的增加而增加;但施氮量超过210kg/hm2时不再显著增加。 相似文献
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隔沟调亏灌溉对冬小麦旗叶生理特性与产量形成的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了解垄栽模式下隔沟调亏灌溉对冬小麦生理生化特性以及产量形成过程的影响及其机理,在移动式防雨棚测坑内进行了试验。试验设置5个处理,即T1(常规畦灌):全生育期计划湿润层土壤含水率控制在65%～75%田间持水率(FC); T2(隔沟交替灌溉,AFI):全生育期1/2交替灌,当土壤含水率下降至(55%～65%) FC区间内,即灌水至95%FC; T3、T4、T5为隔沟调亏灌溉处理:分别在返青-拔节期、拔节-抽穗期、抽穗-灌浆期将土壤含水率控制在(55%～65%) FC,其余生育阶段按T2处理控制土壤含水率。测定冬小麦花后旗叶光合特性指标、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量和产量构成等指标。试验结果表明,常规畦灌方式下冬小麦旗叶具有最高的净光合速率、蒸腾速率,但隔沟交替灌溉处理和隔沟调亏灌溉方式下的各个处理表现出较高的叶片水分利用效率,其中T3在开花期和灌浆期的日均叶片水分利用效率均为各处理中的最大值。各处理的籽粒产量由大到小依次为:T1、T2、T3、T4、T5,与T1相比,T2与T3分别减产1. 98%(P 0. 05)和5. 68%(P 0. 05),但分别节水10. 01%(P 0. 01)和16. 91%(P 0. 01),产量水分利用效率分别提高9. 04%(P 0. 05)和15. 82%(P 0. 01)。本试验条件下,隔沟调亏灌溉方式在返青-拔节期施加适当的水分调亏((55%～65%) FC)是兼顾节水、稳产的最佳处理。 相似文献
7.
交替隔沟灌溉水分入渗特性 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
以玉米为试验材料 ,通过大田 3种灌水方式土壤水分的入渗规律比较分析 ,发现交替隔沟灌溉和固定隔沟灌溉土壤水分的侧向入渗比较明显 ,而常规灌溉由于受到相邻灌水沟侧向入渗的影响 ,土壤水分主要在土壤剖面的垂直方向变化。对 3种灌水方式湿润锋到达深度的研究表明 ,常规灌溉的湿润锋到达深度明显大于固定隔沟灌溉和交替隔沟灌溉。因此 ,田间采用交替隔沟灌溉可以减小土壤水分发生深层渗漏的机率 相似文献
8.
水氮耦合对温室番茄光合和蒸腾速率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验设置固定隔沟灌和交替隔沟灌两种灌溉方式,每种灌溉方式设置2个灌水水平和2个施氮水平,共8个处理,展开不同水氮组合对温室番茄光合特性影响的研究。结果表明:追肥前番茄叶片光合速率日变化呈"双峰"曲线,追肥后出现"双峰"和"单峰"两种曲线。追肥前后番茄的蒸腾速率日变化均呈"单峰"曲线。追肥前,交替隔沟灌均能提高番茄叶片的光合速率和蒸腾速率,高水处理表现得更显著。追肥后,交替隔沟灌比固定隔沟灌能显著提高番茄叶片的蒸腾速率,交替隔沟灌高水或固定隔沟灌低肥处理均可明显提高番茄的蒸腾速率。 相似文献
9.
在蒸渗仪测坑中,对隔沟交替灌溉条件下大豆根系层土壤水分运动与产量进行了研究。结果表明,隔沟交替灌水方式与常规灌溉相比较,有助于减少灌溉水分在土壤根系层以下的深层渗透,干湿交替灌溉有助于减少表层土壤的蒸发,且在适宜的灌水量水平下,产量增加显著提高,从而有效提高该灌水方式下的水分利用效率。由此说明,大豆采取交替灌溉在华北地区是一种经济可行的灌溉方式。 相似文献
10.
日光温室黄瓜生产中一直存在灌水量大，水分浪费严重等现象，针对这一问题，该试验以津育5号黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L）为试材，就交替隔沟灌溉和交替隔沟亏缺灌溉对日光温室黄瓜生长、灌溉水去向、水分利用效率和节水效果等的影响进行了研究。结果表明，交替隔沟灌溉减少了土壤水分的深层渗漏、土壤表面水分蒸发，植株蒸腾速率也略有下降，而植株光合作用没有受到明显影响，使同化产物有利于向果实分配，产量与对照持平，果实商品性和营养品质也有所提高。交替隔沟灌溉可节水37%～48%，作物水分利用效率提高47%～82%。此法简便易行，控漏减蒸效果明显，节水显著，在目前日光温室生产条件下极具推广应用价值。 相似文献
11.
不同亏缺灌溉方式对冬小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
《灌溉排水学报》2019,(8)
【目的】优选适宜的小麦节水灌溉模式。【方法】采用田间小区试验,以生育期内灌越冬水、拔节水和开花水为对照(CK),设置了3种不同的亏缺灌溉模式:浇拔节水和开花水(T1)、拔节水+开花水隔畦交替灌溉(T2)、返青水+孕穗水+开花水隔畦交替灌溉(T3)。在拔节期和开花期,测定了小麦光合速率、蒸腾速率、棵间蒸发量、干物质量,并测定了小麦的产量和水分利用效率。【结果】T1处理小麦的光合速率与CK无显著差异,但蒸腾速率显著低于CK。在T2、T3处理中,干区、湿区的光合速率与CK也无显著差异,但干区小麦的蒸腾速率显著低于CK和湿区。各处理棵间蒸发量均显著低于CK。T2、T3处理中干区小麦的棵间蒸发量均显著低于湿区。T1处理提高了小麦花后干物质积累量,但花前干物质转移量减少。T2、T3处理湿区小麦花后干物质积累量高于CK,但花前干物质转移量显著低于CK。T2、T3处理干区小麦花后干物质积累量均显著低于湿区,但花前干物质转移均高于湿区小麦。T1、T2和T3处理对小麦产量没有显著影响,但均显著减少灌溉水量和作物的耗水量。【结论】3种时空亏缺灌溉模式均显著提高了小麦灌溉水利用效率和水分利用效率。 相似文献
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Water use efficiency and fruit quality of table grape under alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Taisheng Du Shaozhong Kang Jianhua Zhang Fusheng Li Boyuan Yan 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):659-668
Two-year field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation on fruit yield, fruit quality and water use efficiency of table grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv Rizamat) in the arid region of northwest China. Three irrigation treatments were included, i.e. CDI (conventional drip irrigation, both sides of the root-zone irrigated), ADI (alternate drip irrigation, both sides of the root-zone irrigated alternatively with half the water) and FDI (fixed drip irrigation, only one side of the root system irrigated with half the water). Results indicated that compared to CDI, ADI kept the same photosynthetic rate (Pn) but reduced transpiration rate, thus increased leaf water use efficiency (WUE) of table grape. And diurnal variation of leaf water potential showed no significant differences during 7.00 a.m. to 14.00 p.m. in both years. ADI also produced similar yield and improved WUEET by 26.7–46.4% and increased the percentage of edible grape by 3.88–5.78%, vitamin C content in the fruit by 15.3–42.2% and ratio of total soluble solid concentration/titrated acid in both years as compared to CDI. Thus ADI saved irrigation water, improved the water use efficiency and fruit quality of table grape without detrimental effect on the fruit yield in arid region. 相似文献
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15.
A 4-year field experiment was conducted in a semi-arid area to evaluate the response of each furrow and alternate furrow irrigation
in wheat-cotton system using irrigation waters of different qualities in a calcareous soil. Irrigation was applied to each
and alternate furrow of bed-planted wheat followed by ridge-planted cotton for comparison with standard check-basin method
of irrigation to both the crops. These methods of irrigation were evaluated under three water qualities namely good quality
canal water (CW), poor quality tube well water (TW) and pre-sowing irrigation to each crop with CW and all subsequent irrigations
with TW (CWpsi + TW). The pooled results over 4 years revealed that wheat grain yield was not affected significantly with
quality of irrigation water, but significant yield reduction was observed in alternate bed irrigation under canal water and
tube well water irrigations. In cotton, poor quality tube well water significantly reduced the seed cotton yield in all the
three methods of planting. The pre-sowing irrigation with canal water and all subsequent irrigations with tube well water
improved the seed cotton yield when compared with tube well water alone. However, this yield increase was significant only
in alternate furrow irrigation, and the yield obtained was on a par with yield under alternate furrow in CW. When compared
to check-basin irrigation, each furrow and alternate furrow irrigation resulted in a saving of 30 and 49% of irrigation water
in bed-planted wheat, whereas the corresponding savings in ridge-planted cotton were 20 and 42%, respectively. Reduced use
of irrigation water under alternate furrow, without any significant reduction in yield, resulted in 28.1, 23.9 and 43.2% higher
water use efficiency in wheat under CW, TW and CWpsi + TW, respectively. The corresponding increase under cotton was 8.2,
2.1 and 19.5%. The implementation of alternate furrow irrigation improved the water use efficiency without any loss in yield,
thus reduced use of irrigation water especially under poor quality irrigation water with pre-sowing irrigation with canal
water reduced the deteriorating effects on yield and soil under these calcareous soils. 相似文献
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Soil water distribution, uniformity and water-use efficiency under alternate furrow irrigation in arid areas 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Soil water distribution, irrigation water advance and uniformity, yield production and water-use efficiency (WUE) were tested
with a new irrigation method for irrigated maize in an arid area with seasonal rainfall of 77.5–88.0 mm for 2 years (1997
and 1998). Irrigation was applied through furrows in three ways: alternate furrow irrigation (AFI), fixed furrow irrigation
(FFI) and conventional furrow irrigation (CFI). AFI means that one of the two neighboring furrows was alternately irrigated
during consecutive watering. FFI means that irrigation was fixed to one of the two neighboring furrows. CFI was the conventional
method where every furrow was irrigated during each watering. Each irrigation method was further divided into three treatments
using different irrigation amounts: i.e. 45, 30, and 22.5 mm water for each watering. Results showed that the soil water contents
in the two neighboring furrows of AFI remained different until the next irrigation with a higher water content in the previously
irrigated furrow. Infiltration in CFI was deeper than that in AFI and FFI. The time of water advance did not differ between
AFI, FFI and CFI at all distances monitored, and water advanced at a similar rate in all the treatments. The Christiansen
uniformity coefficient of water content in the soil (CUs) was used to evaluate the uniformity of irrigated water distribution and showed no decrease in AFI and FFI, although irrigation
water use was smaller than in CFI. Root development was significantly enhanced by AFI treatment. Primary root numbers, total
root dry weight and root density were all higher in AFI than in the FFI and CFI treatments. Less irrigation significantly
reduced the total root dry weight and plant height in both the FFI and CFI treatments but this was less substantial with AFI
treatments. The most surprising result was that AFI maintained high grain yield with up to a 50% reduction in irrigation amount,
while the FFI and CFI treatments all showed a substantial decrease of yield with reduced irrigation. As a result, WUE for
irrigated water was substantially increased. We conclude that AFI is an effective water-saving irrigation method in arid areas
where maize production relies heavily on repeated irrigation.
Received: 16 October 1999 相似文献
18.
《排灌机械工程学报》2017,(10)
The objective of this study was to obtain the water-saving and efficient production mode of Arabica coffee. The effects of three drip irrigation modes,conventional drip irrigation( CDI),alternate drip irrigation( ADI) and fixed drip irrigation( FDI) on growth,photosynthetic characteristics,biomass accumulation and irrigation water use efficiency of Arabica coffee were investigated under three nitrogen levels,high nitrogen( NH),middle nitrogen( NM) and low nitrogen( NL). The results show that there was a significant Logistic curve between the plant height,the stem diameter of Arabica coffee and growth days. Compared with CDI,ADI had no significant effects on leaf net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,instantaneous water use efficiency and biomass accumulation above ground of Arabica coffee,while FDI decreased significantly,ADI and FDI increased irrigation water use efficiency by 50. 59% and 32. 85%,respectively. Compared with NH,with the reduction of N application rate,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,biomass accumulation above ground and irrigation water use efficiency decreased by 6. 81%-12. 30%,13. 70%-22. 69%,9. 61%-16. 67% and 9. 78%-15. 64%,respectively. Compared with CDINH,ADINHdecreased net photosynthesis rate and the stomatal conductance not significantly,other treatments decreased by 9. 16%-19. 22%,14. 49%-32. 91%,and decreased biomass accumulation above ground by 8. 26%-27. 34% except ADINH,and increased irrigation water use efficiency by 16. 46%-60. 95% except CDINMand CDINL. Therefore,alternate drip irrigation under high N level( ADINH) is the best water and nitrogen coupling mode of young Arabica coffee tree for water efficiency. 相似文献
19.
Partial rootzone irrigation (PRI) can substantially reduce irrigation amount and has been demonstrated as a promising irrigation method for crops in arid or semiarid areas. Many earlier researches have shown that PRI reduces leaf transpiration by narrowing stomatal opening. In this study we verified the hypothesis that PRI can also save irrigation water by substantially reducing soil evaporation. Field experiment was conducted in an arid area where cotton production almost completely relies on irrigation. Water was applied to furrows in the cotton field either alternatively (AFI, alternative furrow irrigation), or evenly to all the furrows (CFI, conventional furrow irrigation), or to one fixed furrow in every two (FFI, fixed furrow irrigation). Our results show that surface evaporation constitutes a large fraction of the irrigation water loss from cropped field (more than 20%), and with the two PRI treatments nearly 40% of the evaporative water loss is saved. Transpiration accounted for 48%, 58% and 57% of the total amount of irrigation respectively for the CFI, AFI and FFI treatments. This result suggests that PRI increases the proportion of applied water that is transpired, and therefore leads to a higher water use efficiency than regular irrigation. Overall, when irrigation was reduced by 30%, the average final yield loss of AFI was only 4.44%, a non-significant reduction statistically. The FFI had a significant reduction in yield of 12.01% in comparison to CFI. Moreover, PRI brings in earlier flowering and a higher economical return due to early harvested cotton. This indicates that the final economical output could compensate for the loss of cotton yield due to water-saving. With very little extra cost to implementation, PRI proves a very promising method in cotton production in arid zone. 相似文献