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1.
为得到不含增稠剂、氨基态氮和脂肪酸含量高、营养丰富、易吸收、稳定性好的发酵酸豆奶,研究了乳酸菌和少孢根霉发酵工艺顺序,并通过单因素试验和正交试验的矩阵分析方法,确定接种量、发酵初始p H值、发酵温度和发酵时间对产品氨基氮含量、感官评分和p H的影响。结果表明,发酵工艺最适顺序为先接种乳酸菌,再接种少孢根霉;最佳工艺条件为:大豆与水质量比1∶10磨浆,浆液中先接种4%乳酸菌,42℃发酵5 h、p H值降至4.5、酸豆奶冷却至31℃后,接种3%少孢根霉,发酵18 h。在该条件下制得的产品与单独乳酸菌发酵的产品相比,冷藏后脂肪含量下降明显,为55.8%,脂肪酸含量提高了50.3%。本研究为酸豆奶的工艺改进提供理论依据。 相似文献
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无腥大豆中加入银耳浸提液生产酸豆奶的工艺研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
研究利用银耳浸提液和不含脂肪氧化酶的无腥味大豆加工酸豆奶。结果表明：最佳加工工艺为豆奶中添加10%银耳浸提液,3%蔗糖,15%纯牛奶和25%的酸牛奶,在40～42℃下发酵7h,制得的酸豆奶与用普通大豆按常见加工工艺生产的产品比较,原料不用进行脱腥处理,减少能源消耗,降低设备投资及加工成本,蛋白质回收率高;且将银耳浸提液与豆奶混合发酵,银耳中所含的多糖类物质有利于乳酸菌生长发酵,产品中风味物质乙醛和联乙酰量增多,又因其粘稠性作为稳定剂增加制品的稳定性,防止酸豆奶析水。 相似文献
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不同添加剂对全株玉米和青玉米秸青贮饲料质量的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为了探讨不同添加剂对全株玉米和青玉米秸青贮饲料质量的影响,利用乳酸菌制剂和酶制剂单独或联合使用对原料进行青贮调制，并对开封后的青贮饲料进行了现场评定、实验室评定、生物评定和二次发酵试验。结果表明：不同添加剂处理后得到的全株玉米、青玉米秸青贮饲料的感官评定均优于对照组；在降低青贮饲料的NDF、ADF含量，提高动物的消化率上，乳酸菌制剂和酶制剂混合作用时的效果最显著；另外，乳酸菌1和乳酸菌1＋酶制剂1能够有效地抑制青贮饲料的二次发酵。 相似文献
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高温分解与乳酸菌分步发酵提高秸秆饲料消化率及适口性 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以提高秸秆饲料的消化率和适口性为目的,该研究1)以干玉米秸秆为材料,接种木质纤维素分解菌复合系WDC2,进行高温分解发酵;2)以乳酸菌复合系SFC-2为接种物,进行乳酸菌液体发酵;3)将乳酸菌发酵液以质量体积比1∶1比例均匀喷洒到发酵秸秆中,制备发酵秸秆饲料。该研究从营养学和分子生态学角度探讨了高温分解与乳酸菌分步发酵提高秸秆饲料消化率和及适口性的可行性。结果表明,经高温分解发酵,秸秆中微生物多样性丰富,不含致病菌。以南阳黄牛为研究对象,秸秆的干物质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维体外消化率分别提高了13.94%、22.56%和21.12%,采食量提高21.71%;部分分解的秸秆经乳酸菌发酵液吸附后,粗蛋白增加36.17%。秸秆的高温分解发酵与乳酸菌的乳酸发酵相结合的饲料制作工艺,即提高了秸秆的消化率和营养价值,也改善了秸秆的适口性。 相似文献
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龙眼果浆复合乳酸菌发酵工艺优化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为筛选出适合龙眼发酵的复合乳酸菌,优化建立其发酵工艺,比较分析了7种不同的乳酸菌发酵龙眼的降糖能力和释放结合态酚类物质的能力,发现明串珠菌降糖能力最强,植物乳杆菌释放结合态酚能力最强。利用植物乳杆菌和明串珠菌复合发酵龙眼果肉,以游离酚质量分数和还原糖质量分数结合的综合模糊评判值为指标,通过Box-benhnken中心组合试验设计,确定复合乳酸菌发酵龙眼的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,各因素对复合乳酸菌发酵龙眼果浆的模糊评判值影响程度从强到弱依次为:发酵时间发酵温度接种量料液比。复合乳酸菌发酵龙眼的最佳工艺为:料液比为1∶7(g/m L),发酵温度为37℃,发酵时间为53 h,接种量为1.4%,菌种配比为1∶1。在最佳工艺条件下,发酵龙眼果浆的游离酚质量分数为(161.77±3.93)mg/(100 g),还原糖质量分数为(122.80±3.64)mg/g。该研究为开发低糖含量,且适合糖尿病、肥胖症等病人食用的龙眼乳酸菌发酵饮料新产品提供参考。 相似文献
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同/异型乳酸菌对青贮玉米开窖后品质及微生物的影响 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
该研究旨在分析添加不同发酵类型的乳酸菌处理对开窖后玉米（Zea mays L.）青贮发酵品质、微生物数量及有氧稳定性的影响,为生产实践提供参考。设计4个添加乳酸菌玉米青贮处理：CK处理（不加任何菌剂）;T处理（同型发酵乳酸菌）：Lactobacillus plantarum和Pediococcus acidilactici复合添加,添加量为1∶1,1×105 cfu/g;Y处理（异型发酵乳酸菌）：Lactobacillus buchneri,添加量为1×105 cfu/g;TY处理（同型+异型发酵乳酸菌）：Lactobacillus plantarum、Pediococcus acidilactici和Lactobacillus buchneri复合添加,添加量为1∶1∶1,1×105 cfu/g。发酵期为60 d,检测开窖后各处理第0、48、96、144、192、240 h发酵品质及微生物的变化,应用隶属函数法对玉米青贮发酵品质及微生物数量进行综合评判。结果表明Y和TY处理的有氧稳定时间显著高于其余处理（63.87～64.67 h,P<0.05）,分别达到195.58和196.21 h,且乙酸质量分数始终显著高于CK和T处理（P<0.05）。T处理pH值始终显著低于其余处理（P<0.05）,且乳酸质量分数始终显著高于CK和Y处理（P<0.05）。Y处理WSC（water soluble carbohydrate）质量分数始终显著高于其余处理（P<0.05）,霉菌数量始终显著低于其余处理（P<0.05）。CK处理的NH3-N质量分数,好氧细菌数量及CO2产量始终显著高于其余处理（P<0.05）。开窖时间与各处理的CO2产量、乳酸菌和酵母菌数量分别满足Allometric1,ExpDec1和Logistic非线性关系,与霉菌和好氧细菌数量呈一元线性关系。综合评价排序：Y处理>TY处理>T处理>CK处理。因此,单一添加异型发酵乳酸菌的玉米青贮,开窖后在改善发酵品质、降低有害微生物数量、提高有氧稳定性方面均优于单一添加同型或复合添加乳酸菌的玉米青贮。 相似文献
7.
为建立一套液态发酵饲料的连续生产工艺,该研究以玉米-豆粕-麦麸混合物为发酵基质进行液态发酵菌株的筛选,通过监测发酵过程中液态饲料的pH值、乳酸菌数量、大肠杆菌数量、霉菌数量、酵母菌数量、酸溶蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量等指标变化规律探究发酵菌株、连续发酵过程中保留比例、发酵温度、外源苯甲酸和外源酶制剂对发酵进程的调控及饲料营养价值的影响。结果表明：1）筛选出的乳酸菌菌株28-7具有较强的大肠杆菌抑制能力和产乳酸能力,发酵6 h时饲料pH值下降到4.45,发酵饲料中未检出大肠杆菌;2）接种乳酸菌28-7的连续发酵过程中,20%、30%、50%的保留比例对发酵饲料的pH值、乳酸菌数量、霉菌数量的影响差异不大,大肠杆菌均无检出,20%的保留比例可使连续发酵正向进行;3）外源非淀粉多糖酶的加入可显著提高发酵饲料中酸溶蛋白含量、酸溶蛋白/粗蛋白质比值和可溶性糖含量（P<0.05）,外源苯甲酸的加入可有效抑制发酵过程中霉菌的增殖。4）37 ℃条件下发酵可显著提高饲料中酸溶蛋白含量、酸溶蛋白/粗蛋白质比值（P<0.05）,3～12 、20 、37 ℃条件下获得的饲料的pH值<4.0、乳酸菌数量大于1010 CFU/mL,大肠杆菌、酵母、霉菌未检测出。综上,本研究建立的液态发酵生产工艺为：将乳酸菌28-7（接种量1.0×108 CFU/mL）、非淀粉多糖酶（250 g/kg）、苯甲酸（0.1 g/kg）于发酵起始时同时加入,以24 h为发酵周期、20%的保留比例在3～12 （冬季室温）、20 （春秋平均室温）、37 ℃（夏季平均室温）条件下进行生产。该工艺生产所得的液态发酵饲料色泽淡黄,富有温和的酸香味,饲料pH值<4.0,乳酸菌数量>1010 CFU/mL,酸溶蛋白含量、酸溶蛋白/粗蛋白质比值均显著提升（P<0.05）,霉菌、酵母、大肠杆菌无检出,相比春、秋、冬3季,夏季生产更有利于饲料酸溶蛋白含量的提升（P<0.05）。 相似文献
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为了丰富鲜食玉米种类,促进其产业发展,本文研究了鲜食糯玉米葡萄醋饮料的制备工艺。以鲜食糯玉米为主要原料,葡萄为辅料,综合运用米酒、果酒酿造技术以及醋酸发酵技术,制备鲜食糯玉米酒和葡萄酒。将二者按比例混合后进行醋酸发酵制备鲜食糯玉米葡萄醋,经调配后得到鲜食糯玉米果醋饮料。采用单因素试验和正交试验,优化发酵工艺条件和饮料配方,并按照国标的方法测定微生物指标。结果表明:鲜食糯玉米酒酿造工艺为:破碎玉米粒和玉米芯以5∶l比例混合,蒸煮糊化后,接入酒曲5%,25℃发酵5d;葡萄酒酿造工艺为:酵母接种量5%,初始糖度13.3%,发酵温度30℃,发酵时间4d;鲜食糯玉米葡萄醋醋酸酿造工艺为:将糯玉米酒和葡萄酒以4∶1混合后,接入15%醋酸菌,30℃,120r·min-1,摇床发酵6d;鲜食糯玉米葡萄醋饮料配方为:原醋20%,蔗糖10%,柠檬酸0.2%。所得鲜食糯玉米葡萄醋饮料呈琥珀色,澄清透明,具有玉米清香和葡萄香味,口感协调,风味独特;总酸≥5.2×10-3g·mL-1,可溶性固形物≥8×10-2g·mL-1;菌落总数≤100cfu·mL-1,大肠菌群≤3(MPN·mL-1),致病菌未检出。 相似文献
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【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
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Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
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《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
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Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
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M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
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Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
19.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献