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1.
中国富硒茶研究现状及其开发利用 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
从茶叶中硒的含量、硒的成分和赋存形态、茶树累积硒的动态分布、硒对茶树生长及物质代谢的影响、茶叶中硒含量与土壤的关系等几个方面,论述了中国富硒茶的研究现状。同时介绍了富硒茶标准及富硒茶的开发利用及其应用前景。 相似文献
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硒是人体和动物所必需的一种微量元素。茶叶作为一种优质的硒来源,对人体硒的摄入有着重要意义。本文主要从硒的重要性,土壤中硒的含量、形态和分布,茶叶中硒的含量以及影响茶叶硒积累的因素等4个方面进行了总结。此外还对富硒茶今后的研究方向进行了展望,以期为开发富硒茶提供参考依据。 相似文献
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硒是人体必需微量元素，硒的缺乏会影响硒蛋白的表达，降低免疫力，在中国部分地区饮食中硒摄入量极低的情况下甚至会引起克山病。富硒地区的茶叶能够提供安全耐贮的有机硒资源，但在富硒茶加工和消费过程中存在含硒组分化学形式不明确、含量不稳定、溶出率低等问题，影响了富硒茶的标准化生产。本文综述了茶叶中硒的吸收积累、种类、含量以及加工对硒的影响，以期将茶叶中硒的种类和含量控制在安全有效范围内提供理论参考。通过制茶工艺改善、研发功能性富硒茶饮料以及茶食品，提高富硒茶中功效成分的溶出率和利用率，为富硒茶产业健康安全发展提供理论指导。 相似文献
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茶叶中硒蛋白提取技术的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在人体必需的微量元素中,硒的抗癌功效日益受到人们的重视,大量的动物肿瘤模型及模拟人类饮食条件的实验都表明硒有防癌效果。一些调查和研究结果表明,茶树有较强的富集硒的能力,并发现富硒茶中硒浓度与抑制肿癌的作用呈显著的正相关。近年来,富硒茶产品的开发已经兴起,已有富硒茶汽水、富硒茶酒等进入市场,但这些富硒茶产品仅利用了富硒茶叶中水溶性或醇溶性的一部分(该部分仅占茶叶中全硒的10％～20％)。研究业已表明,茶叶中的硒主要是硒蛋白质硒,且绝大部分(80％以上)硒蛋白是不溶于水和乙醇的。为了达到进一步开发富硒茶资源的目的,笔者对茶叶中硒蛋白的提取技术进行了研究。 相似文献
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富硒区茶树鲜叶中硒累积与土壤因子的相关性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
茶树是富硒植物,饮用富硒茶是一种安全、有效的补硒途径之一。茶叶的硒含量受多种环境因素影响,但有关富硒茶区茶树硒积累特性及主要影响因子的研究还鲜有报道。以高硒茶区湖北恩施、陕西安康不同地点生产茶园成龄茶树和根际土壤为研究对象,结合土壤及植物样品全硒含量等多种指标,明确了根际土壤硒含量对茶树硒分布特性的影响,分析了富硒区土壤pH、硒含量等9个重要土壤特性相关因子的数值分布规律。通过对186组具有代表性的土壤样品和附生茶树新梢组织检测数据进行分组和整体相关性分析,证实了富硒区茶叶全硒含量与土壤硒含量之间存在极显著相关（相关系数r=0.59,P<0.01）,揭示了茶叶全硒含量与土壤有机质含量、水解性氮、锌含量以及茶叶中硫、锌含量的显著相关,同时对安康和恩施地区的土壤和茶叶硒含量相关因素进行了深入分析。提出了茶叶硒含量对土壤有机质含量、硫含量、硒含量和锌含量的数学模型,模型拟合优度为0.512 6,达极显著水平（P<0.01）。 相似文献
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硒提高茶叶品质效应的研究 总被引：23，自引：1，他引：23
在低硒土壤的茶园施用无机硒肥 ,研制富硒茶叶。研究硒对茶叶保鲜品质和蛋白质氨基酸组成的影响。结果表明 ,富硒茶茶汤放置 12小时过程中 ,556nm吸光度比低硒茶叶稳定 ,表明富硒茶叶中的硒可有效地阻止茶汤氧化褐变 ,有利于保持绿茶品质。在室温条件下贮藏 90天 ,低硒绿茶维生素C的保存率为 4 8 2 1% ,而富硒茶维生素C保存率为 78 54% ,表明富硒茶中的硒能有效抑制茶叶在贮藏期间维生素C的减少。与低硒茶叶相比 ,富硒茶蛋白质的氨基酸总量增加 8 3%～ 14 8% ,必需氨基酸总量增加 8 8%～ 14 8% ,甲硫氨酸增加 6 0 %～ 8 7% ,胱氨酸增加 38 7%～ 95 6 %。 相似文献
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茶叶中硒的光纤荧光光度测定法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
硒素是人体一种必需微量元素,随着人们对硒素保健作用的不断认识,富硒茶的开发越来越引起人们的关注。硒含量的测定是富硒茶开发中一项重要的工作,测定方法多采用荧光分光光度法,由于荧光光度计设备昂贵,操作繁锁,因而限制了开展富硒茶的调查研究。本方法采用国产8510型多功能光纤光度计测定茶叶中的硒,具有设备费用低、操作简易、快速准确等特点。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
18.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献