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Min pig is a local pig breed in Northeast China. It has been well-adapted to the local cold weather,but few genes related to its environmental adaptation have been studied. For studies about environmental adaptation of Min pig on molecular level,it is important to have proper reference genes for quantification of gene expression by quantitative Real-time PCR. In this study,12 reference genes (B2M,ACTB,RPL11,RPL4,YWHAZ,GAPDH,HPRT1,SDHA,HMBS,IDH3B,TUBB2B and TBP1) were evaluated for their potential as the reference gene in Min pig peripheral blood mononuclear cells under different temperatures. Blood samples were collected from 3 Min pigs which were under -25,5,10 and 30℃,respectively. Mononuclear cells were separated using density gradient centrifugation. Statistical algorithms including geNorm,Normfinder and BestKeeper were employed to assess the stabilities of these genes. Analysis of geNorm and Normfinder revealed that all these 12 genes were highly stable. However,ACTB,GAPDH,SDHA,HPRT1,TBP1 and YWHAZ genes (SD<1) were found to be more stable than other six genes (SD>1),of which TBP1 was the most stable one using BestKeeper program. To summarize,ACTB,GAPDH,SDHA,HPRT1, TBP1 and YWHAZ genes were suitable to be the reference genes,with TBP1 was the best one. 相似文献
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民猪是能够适应东北地区寒冷环境的地方猪种,但目前对其环境适应性相关基因的研究较少,也没有确定适合此研究所需的实时荧光定量PCR的内参基因。因此,本试验通过研究常用的12个内参基因（B2M、ACTB、RPL11、RPL4、YWHAZ、GAPDH、HPRT1、SDHA、HMBS、IDH3B、TUBB2B和TBP1）在不同环境温度下民猪外周血单核细胞中的表达稳定性,旨在确定合适的内参基因进行相关研究。分别在-25、5、10和30℃采集3头民猪耳静脉血分离出单核细胞,利用geNorm、NormFinder、BestKeeper 3种软件分析12个候选内参基因的Ct值,筛选出表达稳定的基因作为内参基因。经geNorm和NormFinder计算获得各候选基因的M值发现,12个候选基因的表达均相对稳定,而BestKeeper的分析则显示ACTB、GAPDH、SDHA、HPRT1、TBP1、YWHAZ基因的SD值均<1,可用作本研究条件下的内参基因,而另外6个基因SD值则>1,不符合作为内参基因的标准。综合3种分析的结果,在本研究条件下,TBP1基因的稳定性最高,ACTB、GAPDH、SDHA、HPRT1和YWHAZ基因也符合作为内参基因的标准,都可研究在不同环境温度下民猪外周血单核细胞中基因表达时作为内参基因。 相似文献
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本研究旨在筛选脂多糖(lipopolysaccharides,LPS)染毒小鼠的理想内参基因。试验以健康小鼠肝脏和LPS染毒后3、6、12、18 h的小鼠肝脏为研究对象,荧光定量RT-PCR评价YWHAZ、HPRT1、PPIA、ACTB和18S rRNA 5个内参基因的表达情况,并用geNorm软件分析其表达的稳定性。结果表明,除18S rRNA在LPS染毒时不能稳定表达外,其余4个内参基因在健康小鼠肝脏和LPS染毒小鼠肝脏中均能稳定表达,其中PPIA和YWHAZ的表达最稳定。本试验结果为荧光定量RT-PCR研究LPS与小鼠相互作用时mRNA表达水平提供了依据。 相似文献
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Lecchi C Dilda F Sartorelli P Ceciliani F 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2012,145(1-2):556-562
The serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp) are the most prominent acute phase proteins (APPs) in cow. Liver mainly produces APPs, but extra hepatic expression has also been demonstrated in some tissues. The major aim of the present study was to assess the constitutive SAA and Hp mRNA expression by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in a wide panel of 33 bovine tissues, including gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, urogenital system, mammary gland, hematopoietic system, central nervous system, eye, thyroid and heart. Normalization of gene expression in different samples requires reference genes, which are stably expressed. Therefore, seven reference genes were investigated (ACTB, GAPDH, HMBS, SDHA, YWHAZ, SF3A1, EEF1A2) and three genes, namely SF3A1, HMBS and ACTB, were selected after assessing their stability with geNorm? and NormFinder© softwares.The qPCR analysis confirmed liver as the principal source of SAA and Hp, but also identified both APPs’ mRNA in almost all tissues.The highest expression rate of SAA was found in thyroid, followed by pancreas and submandibulary gland. Hp mRNA expression was detected at high concentration in pancreas and submandibulary gland.The present data indicated a widespread expression of SAA and Hp also in non pathological conditions, thus envisaging a possible role as immunomodulatory and protective molecules. To understand where SAA and Hp come from is the prerequisite to their utilization as Acute Phase Reaction biomarkers. 相似文献
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Poonam Yadav Arpana Verma Dheer Singh Sachinandan De Tirtha Kumar Datta 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2012,47(6):e88-e91
The present study was aimed to validate expression stability of 6 housekeeping genes (viz. YWHAZ, SDHA, GAPDH, RPS15, RPS18 and RN18S1) in the oocytes and embryos of different stages in buffalo. A modified Trizol protocol was optimized for RNA isolation from as few as five oocytes. The expression level of selected genes was studied by an optimized real time PCR using DCT method and their stability of expression was evaluated by Microsoft Excel based visual application, geNORM. The analysis revealed that the RPS15 and GAPDH were the most stable genes across different samples. Also, the geometric mean of three genes (i.e. RPS15, RPS18 and GAPDH) were found suitable for normalization of real time PCR data from buffalo oocytes/embryos. The information would help in more accurate interpretation of gene expression data from oocytes/embryos towards understanding the molecular events in these cells during development. 相似文献
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Facci MR Auray G Meurens F Buchanan R van Kessel J Gerdts V 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,141(1-2):11-15
Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is a critical tool used to evaluate changes in gene expression. The precision of this tool is reliant upon the selection of reference genes whose expression remains unaltered in culture conditions and following stimulation. Stably expressed reference genes are used to normalize data so observed changes in expression are not due to artifacts but rather reflect physiological changes. In this study, we examined the expression stability of the porcine genes glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit A (SDHA), eukaryotic elongation factor 1 gamma-like protein (eEF1), ribosomal protein L19 (RPL19), beta-actin (ACTB) and ATP synthase mitochondrial F0 complex (ATP5G1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), monocytes, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs), blood isolated dendritic cells (BDCs) and T cells with or without stimulation with lipolysaccharide (LPS). An M value was used as a measure of gene stability as determined using geNORM software. Recommendations for the use of reference genes include using GAPDH and B-actin in PBMCs: RPL19 and SDHA in T cells; RPL19 and B-actin in monocytes; RPL-19 and SDHA in BDCs: and RPL-19 and ATP5GA in MoDCs. 相似文献
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Wood SH Clements DN McEwan NA Nuttall T Carter SD 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2008,126(3-4):392-395
Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) facilitates the quantification of mRNA expression. Accurate qPCR analysis of gene expression requires the normalisation of data using a reference or housekeeping gene which is expressed at a similar level in all tissues tested. GAPDH is the most well known and most widely used reference gene but many papers have demonstrated that it is not stably expressed in different tissues. The aim of this study was to measure reference gene stability in canine skin using real-time qPCR. Skin samples from healthy control dogs (n=7) and dogs with atopic dermatitis (lesional skin n=7 and non-lesional skin n=7) were used to quantify seven reference genes (IMP, CG14980, S7, HIRA, GAPDH, RPL13A and SDHA) in canine whole skin. Three different statistical programs (Bestkeeper, GeNorm and Normfinder) were used to assess the stability of the reference genes. The results confirmed that GAPDH is not a stably expressed reference gene in canine skin; this finding may influence interpretation of previous qPCR studies on canine skin using this as a reference gene. RPL13A and CG14980 were found to be the most stably expressed genes in canine whole skin and would be more suitable as reference genes in future studies. 相似文献
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A. Hosseini H. Sauerwein M. Mielenz 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2010,94(5):e178-e184
Accurate gene expression normalization using a stable reference gene (RG) improves the reliability of quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) results. Therefore, a validation of RGs should be done before their use. Only few studies on RGs have been done in cattle, and none in bovine adipose tissue (AT) explants, therefore, we characterize the effects of an in vitro treatment with propionate and β‐hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) on the mRNA content of these RGs comparing the output data from the geNormTM and the Normfinder© program. geNormTM and Normfinder© estimated the most stable RGs in the following sequence for subcutaneous and for retroperitoneal AT explants treated with propionate: low density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 10 (LRP10) > hippocalcin‐like 1 (HPCAL1) > glyceraldehyde‐phosphate‐dehydrogenase (GAPDH) > ribosomal protein S9 (RPS9) > RNA polymerase II (Pol II) > beta2 actin (ACTB) > 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA). BHB treated AT explants yielded a different stability ranking for RGs using geNormTM: HPCAL1, GAPDH > Pol II > LRP10 > ACTB > RPS9 > 18S rRNA. Normfinder© estimated a different stability ranking for the RGs as shown in the following sequence for subcutaneous and retroperitoneal AT explants treated with BHB: HPCAL1 > Pol II > GAPDH > ACTB > LRP10 > RPS9 > 18S rRNA. Subsequent pairwise analysis of variation of RGs using geNormTM suggested that LRP10, HPCAL1 and GAPDH should be used for accurate normalization of subcutaneous and retroperitoneal AT explants treated with propionate, while HPCAL1, GAPDH and Pol II should be used for BHB treatment. 相似文献
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Gu YR Li MZ Zhang K Chen L Jiang AA Wang JY Li XW 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2011,128(4):319-325
To normalize a set of quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR) data, it is essential to determine an optimal number/set of housekeeping genes, as the abundance of housekeeping genes can vary across tissues or cells during different developmental stages, or even under certain environmental conditions. In this study, of the 20 commonly used endogenous control genes, 13, 18 and 17 genes exhibited credible stability in 56 different tissues, 10 types of adipose tissue and five types of muscle tissue, respectively. Our analysis clearly showed that three optimal housekeeping genes are adequate for an accurate normalization, which correlated well with the theoretical optimal number (r ≥ 0.94). In terms of economical and experimental feasibility, we recommend the use of the three most stable housekeeping genes for calculating the normalization factor. Based on our results, the three most stable housekeeping genes in all analysed samples (TOP2B, HSPCB and YWHAZ) are recommended for accurate normalization of q-PCR data. We also suggest that two different sets of housekeeping genes are appropriate for 10 types of adipose tissue (the HSPCB, ALDOA and GAPDH genes) and five types of muscle tissue (the TOP2B, HSPCB and YWHAZ genes), respectively. Our report will serve as a valuable reference for other studies aimed at measuring tissue-specific mRNA abundance in porcine samples. 相似文献
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鹿茸组织中内参基因的筛选和验证 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为筛选在不同生长时期鹿茸组织中稳定表达的内参基因,试验以不同生长时期(分别为脱盘后10、20、40和60 d)的鹿茸组织为材料,采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)方法分析甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GAPDH)、β2-微球蛋白(B2M)、还原型辅酶Ⅰ(NADH)、60S 核糖体蛋白L40(RPL40)、谷胱甘肽还原酶7(GPx)和β肌动蛋白(ACTB)6个看家基因的表达情况,并运用 geNorm和NormFinder 两个程序综合分析6个看家基因的表达稳定性.结果显示,GAPDH、ACTB、RPL40表达稳定性较好,可用作鹿茸基因表达研究的内参基因,而NADH和GPx的稳定性最差,不适合作内参基因.通过对鹿茸生长相关基因(ANXA5、HSP27、PRD2、CRABP1、LGALS1)表达分析,进一步验证了上述结果,并且发现这5种基因均在脱盘后10 d的鹿茸组织中高表达.该研究结果为鹿茸快速生长及骨化相关基因的研究奠定了一定基础. 相似文献
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为了筛选在牛骨骼肌卫星细胞（MSCs）分化前后稳定表达以及不受MSTN基因表达影响的内参基因,试验以野生组（WT）、转染干扰MSTN组（si-MSTN）和对照组（NC-MSTN）的牛MSCs作为样品,选取HMBS、B2M、GAPDH、TUBB、SDHA、18S rRNA、ACTB、RPL4、PPIA、HPRT1和YWHAZ作为候选内参基因,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术Ct值分析法对各候选内参基因的相对表达进行测定,首先利用3个独立评价软件geNorm、NormFinder和BestKeeper分别对各候选内参基因在野生组牛MSCs增殖期（GM）和分化第3天（DM3）细胞中的表达稳定性进行评价,筛选出前5个表达相对稳定的候选内参基因;然后以此为基础,利用相同的方法分析MSTN干扰组和对照组增殖期和分化第3天的细胞中上述5个内参基因的表达水平和稳定性。geNorm、NormFinder分析结果均显示,HMBS、B2M、TUBB、GAPDH和ACTB在牛MSCs分化前后表达较稳定,BestKeeper分析显示ACTB和TUBB相关系数（r）排序靠前,GAPDH、HMBS和B2M排序不是很高,但是GAPDH的SD值最小,因此选择这5个候选内参基因做后续试验;在牛MSCs MSTN干扰组和对照组增殖期和分化第3天,geNorm、NormFinder软件分析结果显示,上述5个候选内参基因中GAPDH、TUBB和B2M表达最稳定,BestKeeper分析显示TUBB相关系数排名不是最高,但其SD值最小,综合以上分析,选择TUBB作为牛MSCs干扰组和对照组增殖期和分化第3天最适内参基因。研究结果可为以后进行牛MSCs在不同生长时期以及MSTN表达被调控后基因的表达分析提供参考。 相似文献
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Identification and validation of housekeeping genes as internal control for gene expression in an intravenous LPS inflammation model in chickens 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
De Boever S Vangestel C De Backer P Croubels S Sys SU 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2008,122(3-4):312-317
Real-time PCR has become a powerful tool for the detection of inflammatory parameters, including cytokines. Reference or housekeeping genes are used for the normalization of real-time RT-PCR results. In order to obtain reliable results, the stability of these housekeeping genes needs to be determined. In this study the stability of five genes, including beta-actin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), hypoxanthine phophoribosyl-transferase (HPRT), ubiquitin (UB) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), was determined in a lipopolysaccharide inflammation model in chickens. beta-Actin appeared to be the most stable single gene in our model. Because the use of a single gene for normalization can lead to relatively large errors, the use of the geometric mean of multiple reference genes or normalization factor is preferred. The most stable combination for gene expression analysis in this lipopolysaccharide inflammation model in chickens is G6PDH and UB, since their correlation coefficients were 0.953 and 0.969, respectively (BestKeeper) and an M value of 0.34 and a low V(2/3) value of 0.155 (geNorm) were obtained. The use of HPRT and GAPDH should be avoided. The stable housekeeping genes, G6PDH and UB together, can be used to normalize the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a lipopolysaccharide inflammation model in chickens. 相似文献
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角蛋白26基因在超细型和细型细毛羊皮肤组织中的表达差异 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用超细型和细型细毛羊皮肤组织为试验材料,以18S rRNA、β-actin、GAPDH等基因为内参,角蛋白26(keratin 26,KRT26)为目的基因,建立了基于SYBR Green Ⅰ染料技术的Real-time PCR检测体系,并分析KRT26基因在不同细度绵羊皮肤组织中的表达差异。结果表明,以cDNA为模板建立的标准曲线循环阈值(Ct)与标准cDNA模板在一定浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,当以18S rRNA、β-actin、GAPDH作为内参基因时,KRT26基因在超细型细毛羊皮肤组织中的表达水平是细型细毛羊皮肤组织中的1.5倍。初步确定KRT26基因与毛细度具有相关性,这将为进一步研究分子育种和绵羊毛纤维细度性状的改良提供依据。 相似文献
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Identification of candidate miRNAs and expression profile of yak oocytes before and after in vitro maturation by high‐throughput sequencing 
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下载免费PDF全文 Small RNA represents several unique non‐coding RNA classes that have important function in a wide range of biological processes including development of germ cells and early embryonic, cell differentiation, cell proliferation and apoptosis in diverse organisms. However, little is known about their expression profiles and effects in yak oocytes maturation and early development. To investigate the function of small RNAs in the maturation process of yak oocyte and early development, two small RNA libraries of oocytes were constructed from germinal vesicle stage (GV) and maturation in vitro to metaphase II‐arrested stage (M II) and then sequenced using small RNA high‐throughput sequencing technology. A total of 9,742,592 and 12,168,523 clean reads were obtained from GV and M II oocytes, respectively. In total, 801 and 1,018 known miRNAs were acquired from GV and M II oocytes, and 75 miRNAs were found to be significantly differentially expressed: 47 miRNAs were upregulated and 28 miRNAs were downregulated in the M II oocytes compared to the GV stage. Among the upregulated miRNAs, miR‐342 has the largest fold change (9.25‐fold). Six highly expressed miRNAs (let‐7i, miR‐10b, miR‐10c, miR‐143, miR‐146b and miR‐148) were validated by real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) and consistent with the sequencing results. Furthermore, the expression patterns of two miRNAs and their potential targets were analysed in different developmental stages of oocytes and early embryos. This study provides the first miRNA profile in the mature process of yak oocyte. Seventy‐five miRNAs are expressed differentially in GV and M II oocytes as well as among different development stages of early embryos, suggesting miRNAs involved in regulating oocyte maturation and early development of yak. These results showed specific miRNAs in yak oocytes had dynamic changes during meiosis. Further functional and mechanistic studies on the miRNAs during meiosis may beneficial to understanding the role of miRNAs on meiotic division. 相似文献
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分别以1日龄健康籽鹅肝脏、肾脏、心脏、肌肉和卵巢为研究对象,应用实时定量RT-PCR技术,探讨28SrRNA、18SrRNA、GAPDH、ACT、HPRT1、SDH和TUB等7个内参基因mRNA的表达水平。经过geNorm和NormFinder程序分析,结果显示7个内参基因稳定度由高到低依次为GAPDH=HRPT1〉28SrRNA〉TUB〉SDH〉ACT〉18SrRNA;基因表达的稳定值分别为0.215（GAPDH）,0.215（HRPT1）,0.339（28SrRNA）,0.471（TUB）,0.721（SDH）,0.888（ACT）,1.177（18SrRNA）;表明GAPDH和HRPT1这2个内参基因适合用于目的基因表达的校正。 相似文献