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1.
Trueness-to-type and agronomic characteristics of trees of four coffee (Coffea arabica L.) F(1) hybrid clones derived from embryogenic cell suspensions were compared with those of trees produced from in vitro microcuttings. Three types of variants were observed among the 644 trees derived from embryogenic suspensions. Total frequency of the variants was 2.1% for trees originating from embryogenic cell suspensions, whereas no variant was found among the trees produced from microcuttings. The variant known as "thick leaf" had thick leaves, many abnormally starry flowers and low yields of large fruit. The "dwarf" variant was characterized by slow growth and small fruit. The "dwarf peaberry" variant had abnormal seeds in a single cavity, in addition to the "thick leaf" and "dwarf" characteristics. Compared with normal trees, the variants differed in leaf density and number of chloroplasts per guard cell. The variants aside, there were no differences in the main agronomic characteristics between trees produced from embryogenic suspensions and those produced from microcuttings. For all four clones, the trees had vegetative characteristics, productivity, fertility, and bean biochemical, mineral and organoleptic characteristics that were identical to those of the controls. We conclude that it is possible to generate coffee trees commercially with normal agronomic performance from embryogenic suspensions, because the frequency with which somaclonal variants occur is limited. 相似文献
2.
Embryogenic callus ofQuercus acutissima was successfully induced from embryogenic cultures, and plants were regenerated from the callus. The development of the techniques
involved will allow mass propagation and gene transformation in this species. Embryogenic cultures were formed from embryonic
axis explants (i.e., embryos without cotyledons) excised from immature embryos, after culture on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing indolebutyric
acid and benzyladenine. Attempts to induce embryogenic cultures from cotyledon explants were unsuccessful. Embryogenic calli
were induced at high frequency from embryogenic cultures on MS medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. However,
benzyladenine inhibited embryogenic callus formation. Somatic embryo development from embryogenic calli occurred on MS medium
in all of the seven cell lines tested. Germination of somatic embryos was induced on half strength MS medium without plant
growth regulators. Finally, acclimated plants growing in soil were obtained. 相似文献
3.
白桦愈伤组织染色体制片方法及数目变异研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
该文探讨白桦愈伤组织染色体的制片方法,并对白桦愈伤组织及其再生植株的染色体数目变异进行了研究。结果表明：取继代培养1周的白桦愈伤组织,用0.2%的秋水仙素溶液预处理1.5～2 h,1 mol/L HCl室温（18～20℃）解离10～15 min或2%纤维素酶和果胶酶混合液室温解离30 min,压片后易获得分散、染色效果好的细胞分裂中期染色体图像。随着继代次数增加,白桦愈伤组织染色体数目变异的频率及范围增大。在愈伤组织分化过程中,二倍体细胞占有优势,能够分化为正常的植株,愈伤组织再生植株的变异频率低于愈伤组织。 相似文献
4.
唐巍 《中国林学(英文版)》2001,3(2)
三个基固型的火炬松成熟合子胚被培养在附加 8mg·L-12 ,4 D ,4mg·L-1BA ,4mg·L-1KT ,5 0 0mg·L-1水解酪蛋白和 5 0 0mg·L-1谷氨酰胺的愈伤组织诱导培养基上诱导愈伤组织 .来自于子叶、胚轴和胚根的愈伤组织在附加 1 6mg·L-12 ,4 D ,0 8mg·L-1BA和 0 8mg·L-1KT的愈伤组织增殖培养基上培养 9周后 ,可获得 16 9%的胚性愈伤组织 .通过建立胚性细胞悬浮系和研究ABA、PEG和活性炭对体细胞胚成熟的促进作用 ,优化的体细胞胚胎发生体系被建立 .71棵再生小苗被用于移栽试验 ,2 3棵小苗在田间移栽成活 相似文献
5.
Psychotria umbellata Vell. (Rubiaceae), a Brazilian coastal woody species, produces umbellatine (also known as psychollatine), an analgesic indole alkaloid. An in vitro embryogenic regeneration protocol capable of yielding alkaloid-accumulating plants was developed. Rhizogenic calli, which were obtained from stem segments derived from rooted apical cuttings, were cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium containing either 1 mg l(-1) NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) and no kinetin, or 5 mg l(-1) NAA + 1 mg l(-1) kinetin. Calli did not accumulate umbellatine. Segments of rhizogenic callus were cultured on complete MS medium with various concentrations of kinetin and sucrose. Plant regeneration was best in the light with 0.25 mg l(-1) of kinetin and 1.5% sucrose. After 3 months of acclimatization in soil mixture, plant survival was 81%. Leaves of 10-month-old regenerated plants yielded umbellatine concentrations equivalent to those of adult forest-grown plants. 相似文献
6.
7.
A stable cell suspension line of Catharanthus roseus producing anthocyanin was obtained. In this strain it was found that approximately 30% of cells regularly accumulated these metabolites and that anthocyanin accumulation occurred between the second half of log phase and the stationary phase of the culture growth cycle. The anthocyanins in the suspension cultures were compared with those biosynthetized in the flowers both of regenerated by somatic embryogenesis and field-grown plants. Six anthocyanins were identified in all the examined samples, three 3-O-glucosides and three 3-O-(6-O-p-coumaroyl) glucosides of petunidin, malvidin and hirsutidin. The hirsutidin coumaroyl glucoside has not been reported previously, and was predominat in all samples. The anthocyanin relative content was similar for cell suspensions and flowers from regenerated plants but different from field-grown plant flowers; instead, the total content was almost the same for the two flower types and higher compared to suspension culture content. 相似文献
8.
雷公藤胚性愈伤组织再生植株的增殖及其稳定性 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以雷公藤胚性愈伤组织为材料,研究继代培养时间对植株再生和基本培养基、生长素浓度及其与细胞分裂素组合对再生苗增殖的影响.结果表明:在继代培养过程中,愈伤组织再生率和再生苗数经历了一个由低到高再到低的过程,以8个月到1年之间的胚性愈伤组织的再生能力最强,达100%,每块愈伤组织平均形成的芽数也比较多,雷公藤胚性愈伤组织在继代20个月后已经丧失再分化能力.愈伤组织再分化过程易发生变异,从叶形上看,再生苗出现6种类型的变化.再生苗茎段增殖以1/2MS为基本培养基附加2.0 mg·L-1IBA为好,以1/2MS+2.0mg·L-1IBA+O.5 g·L-1活性炭的培养基有利于芽苗生根培养,生根率达100%.移栽至珍珠岩与腐殖质土(1:1)的混合基质中成活率达96%. 相似文献
9.
落叶松不同类型胚性和非胚性愈伤落叶松不同类型胚性和非胚性愈伤 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以华北落叶松继代、增殖培养的不同类型的胚性及非胚性愈伤组织为材料，测定其氨基酸、糖类、酚酸、激素以及离子的含量，结果表明氨基酸含量的差异十分明显，质地硬的非胚性愈伤组织中18种游离氨基酸含量为胚性愈伤组织的2倍以上，经ABA处理后，胚性愈伤组织中多糖及邻苯二酚含量急剧升高；三糖含量与不同基因型密切相关；乙烯释放量在非胚性愈伤组织中高于胚性愈伤组织；金属离子CO 相似文献
10.
Ramesh C. Thakur Susumu Goto Katsuaki Ishii S. Mohan Jain 《Journal of Forest Research》1999,4(2):157-160
Genetic stability of propagules regeneratedvia somatic embryogenesis is of paramount importance for its application to clonal forestry. Random amplified polymorphic DNA
(RAPD) markers were used to determine the genetic stability in somatic embryogenesis ofQuercus serrata Thunb. (Japanese white oak). Forty samples from an embryogenic line, consisting of regenerated plantlets, somatic embryos,
and embryogenic calli, were examined using 54 decanucleotide primers. A total of 6520 clear reproducible bands obtained from
these studies exhibited no aberration in RAPD banding pattern among the tested samples. Our results show that somaclonal variation
is absent in our plant propagation system. The genetic stability is discussed in terms of the origin of somatic embryos. 相似文献
11.
Colt cherry (Prunus avium x pseudocerasus) callus cultures were derived from leaf protoplasts, protoplasts of root cell suspension cultures, or by direct culture of leaf and root tissues. Survival of calli cultured on basal proliferation medium containing 25, 50, 100 or 200 mN (millinormal) NaCl, Na(2)SO(4) or KCl, or iso-osmotic (with NaCl) concentrations of mannitol ranged from 1 to 15%. After six transfers on the same medium, surviving cell lines were subjected to three cycles of direct recurrent selection; i.e., in each cycle, they were cultured alternately on basal proliferation medium, and on basal proliferation medium supplemented with NaCl, KCl, Na(2)SO(4) or mannitol. Salt- or mannitol-tolerant cell lines selected in this way had smaller cells than unselected cell lines, and they grew more rapidly and had higher callus and cell survival rates than unselected cell lines when cultured in the presence of salt or mannitol. Cells lines selected for tolerance to one agent (sodium salt, potassium salt or mannitol) showed minimal tolerance to another agent. However, when plants were regenerated from salt- or mannitol-tolerant callus and new cultures derived from them, the new cultures showed tolerance to all of the salts and mannitol. Plant regeneration from the new cultures was not achieved under the conditions that led to the regeneration of the parent plants from callus. 相似文献
12.
Single cells were mechanically isolated from leaf-derived callus of mature Juniperus oxycedrus L. These cells divided and gave rise to callus when plated on medium containing growth regulators. Best plating efficiency was obtained on a modified Schenk and Hildebrandt medium supplemented with 0.6 micro M 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 100 mg l(-1) casein hydrolyzate. Although single-cell-derived callus showed poor morphogenic potential, both adventitious shoots and embryogenic tissues differentiated from the callus. We also achieved induction of somatic embryogenesis in leaf explants of mature J. oxycedrus trees cultured in the presence of 6.0 or 10.0 micro M 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or picloram. Frequency of embryogenic callus ranged from 6 to 18%; however, under the culture conditions tested, isolated embryos failed to develop into plants. 相似文献
13.
刺槐未成熟合子胚的体细胞胚胎发生和植株再生 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以刺槐不同胚龄的未成熟合子胚为外植体,采用混合正交试验设计,研究幼胚胚龄和不同外源激素种类及质量浓度对刺槐胚性愈伤组织的诱导和体细胞胚分化、萌发的影响.结果表明:开花后8周(55天左右)是胚性愈伤组织和体胚诱导的最佳外植体取材时期;MS+2,4-D 5.0 mg·L-1 +BA0.5 mg·L-1是诱导胚性愈伤组织的最佳培养基,出愈率最高为95.42％±0.02％;MS +NAA0.5 mg·L-1 +BA0.5 mg·L-1+谷氨酰胺250 mg·L-1+水解酪蛋白500 mg·L-1是体细胞胚诱导和分化的最佳培养基,直接体细胞胚发生率最高为92.40％±0.12％,通过愈伤组织诱导体细胞胚发生的频率最高为90.73％ ±0.49％.一旦形成球形胚,将培养物转接到不含任何生长调节剂的MS培养基上,体细胞胚经成熟萌发可进一步形成完整小植株. 相似文献
14.
Of the various alternatives for cloning elite conifers, somatic embryogenesis (SE) appears to be the best option. In recent years, significant areas of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forest have been devastated by the mountain pine beetle (MPB) in Western Canada. In an attempt to establish an SE propagation system for MPB-resistant lodgepole pine, several families displaying varying levels of resistance were selected for experimentation involving shoot bud and immature seed explants. In bud cultures, eight embryogenic lines were induced from 2 of 15 genotypes following various treatments. Genotype had an important influence on embryogenic culture initiation, and this effect was consistent over time. These lines were identified by microscopic observation and genetic markers. Despite the abundance of early somatic embryos, the cultures have yet to develop into mature embryos. In contrast, immature zygotic embryos (ZEs) cultured from megagametophytes initiated SE at an early dominance stage via nodule-type callus in 1 of 10 genotypes. As part of the study, putative embryogenesis-specific genes, WOX2 (WUSCHELL homeobox 2) and HAP3A, were analyzed in cultures of both shoot bud explants and ZEs. On the basis of these analyses, we postulate that PcHAP3A was expressed mainly in callus and may be involved in cell division, whereas WOX2 was expressed mainly in embryonal mass (EM)-like tissues. The findings from this study, based on molecular assessment, suggest that the cell lines derived from bud cultures were truly EM. Moreover, these experimental observations suggest that PcWOX2 could be used as an early genetic marker to discriminate embryogenic cultures from callus. 相似文献
15.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):151-160
A particle inflow gun enabled efficient production of transgenic plantlets of Picea abies from embryogenic suspension cultures. In transient assays, the Zea ubiquitin promoter was 12-16 times as active as the 35S promoter. For stable transformation, the plasmid pAHC25 contained the bar gene and the gusA gene, both driven by the Zea ubiquitin promoter. Cells were maintained from 1 to 3 h before bombardment on proliferation medium supplemented with 0.25 M myoinositol and, from day 8, supplemented with Basta as selective agent. Embryogenic colonies resistant to Basta appeared from two months after bombardment. Of over 100 independent Basta-resistant sublines tested, 65% expressed the co-transformed reporter gene, even when it was not linked to the selectable marker. Over 80% of the sublines retained their embryogenic potential. Of 11 transformants analyzed, 4 contained transgenes in low copy number (1-3), the rest contained transgenes in up to 15-20 copies. Over 200 Basta-resistant sublines from four cell lines have been established, of which 138 are confirmed as transformed. Plantlets have been regenerated and grown on in pots. 相似文献
16.
文冠果体胚形态建成过程中的蛋白质组分 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为揭示文冠果体胚形态建成过程中蛋白质组分的变化规律和确定标记性蛋白,以文冠果种胚离体培养诱导体胚发生过程中所获得的非胚性愈伤组织、胚性愈伤组织、球形胚、鱼雷胚、子叶胚及再生植株为材料,采用双向电泳进行文冠果体胚形态建成过程中蛋白质组分变化的研究.结果表明:非胚性愈伤组织的蛋白质组分最少,随着体胚形态的建成,蛋白质组分逐渐增多,再生植株时期的蛋白质组分减少.胚性愈伤组织、鱼雷胚、子叶胚及再生植株的标记蛋白质依次为23.0 ku(pI 6.9)的蛋白质、27.1 ku(pI 7.5)的蛋白质、25.1 ku(pI 6.6)和26.2 ku (pI 6.6)的蛋白质、23.2 ku(pI 9.5)的蛋白质. 相似文献
17.
《林业研究》2017,(5)
Nitraria sibirica Pall.is a shrub that grows in saline-alkali soil and has traditional medicinal value and potential commercial value.The objectives of this study include induction and multiplication of callus,establishment of a suspension cell line,and isolation of protoplasts from cell suspensions.Murashige and Skoog(MS) medium was used for callus induction from mature seeds of N.sibirica.Seed-derived calluses were further multiplied on MS medium augmented with 0.5 mgL~(-1) 6-benzylaminopurine(6-BA) and 1.0 mgL~(-1) 2,4-dichlorophenoxy(2,4-D) acetic acid.Suspension cultures of N.sibirica were initiated by transferring friable calli to the same liquid multiplication medium.Characterization of the suspension culture was assessed based on fresh mass,dry mass,cell viability and p H value of the culture.A typical growth curve was observed after inoculating 1.5 g of callus in 40 mL liquid medium,including a lag phase,an exponential growth phase,a stationary phase,and a negative acceleration phase.The effect of factors such as pre-plasmolysis,enzyme combination,enzymolysis time and mannitol concentration,on the isolation of cell-derived protoplasts were evaluated to determine the usefulness of suspension cultures.The maximum yield(9.79 9 106 cells/g) and highest viability(79.97%) of protoplast were reached when approximately 1 g of cell suspension(cultured for 6 days) was inoculated for 12 h in cell and protoplast washing solution made of 0.8 molL~(-1) mannitol mixture solution,cellulose onozuka R-10 2%(w/v),hemicellulose 0.2%,macerozyme R-10 1%,and pectolyase Y-23 0.5%.Protoplast yield was significantly influenced by pre-plasmolysis and cellulose onozuka R-10(P0.05). 相似文献
18.
本文研究了氨苄青霉素、羧苄青霉素和头孢霉素等3种抗生素对火炬松愈伤组织的生长和分化及不定芽生根的影响。结果表明,头孢霉素最有利于愈伤组织的诱导和生长,羧苄青霉素最有利于芽的分化,氨苄青霉素降低了不定芽的生根频率。所有试验的3种抗生素提高愈伤组织的形成和芽再生,但降低了芽的生根频率。这些结果表明,选择合适的抗生素对优化火炬松遗传转化体系有重要作用。图3表4参25。 相似文献
19.
Janusz Zwolinski 《中国林学(英文版)》2006,8(4):43-46
Acacia karroo Hayne is an arbor species widely distributed in South Africa with the characteristics of fast growth and drought resistance. The species was introduced to China recently. In vitro culture is an effective method to rapidly produce plants and a strategy to minimize somaclonal variation among regenerated plants. Browning, however, is a problem in establishing the in vitro culture system. The present study diminished the problem by selecting explants, using different browning inhibitors and chilling treatment. Results showed that the use of embryos as explants reduced the browning ratio to 46.7%, whilst stem segment explants were browned up to 56.7%. The adventitious buds were successfully induced in the modified tissue culture medium supplemented with 5.0 mg·L-1 6-BA and 0.1 mg·L-1 NAA. The proliferation coefficient of adventitious buds is 2.8. 相似文献
20.
Embryogenic cultures were initiated and established from apical shoots of mature trees of three genotypes of Pinus patula Scheide et Deppe. Factors affecting initiation, including cold pretreatment, basal medium composition, growth regulators and gelling agent concentration, and the effect of partial desiccation on somatic embryo maturation were investigated. Cold pretreatment of thick sections (0.5-1.0 mm) of apical shoots at 2 degrees C for 3 days on 0.3% activated charcoal induced white mucilaginous embryogenic callus on initiation medium. Subculture of this embryogenic callus on maintenance medium resulted in the formation of embryonal suspensor masses with proembryos. Partial desiccation (12-90 h) of embryogenic tissue at the proembryo stage of development, prior to transfer to maturation medium containing 9 g l(-1) Gellan gum, enhanced somatic embryo maturation and germinability. The frequency of maturation increased from 5.3 to 16.5% after 12 h of desiccation and from 16.5 to 73.8% after 24 h of desiccation, but longer periods of desiccation were ineffective. 相似文献