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1.
为了解虾虎鱼科(Gobiidae)鱼类基因组遗传结构特征,本研究自主开发矛尾复虾虎鱼(Synechogobius hasta)微卫星序列153条,结合从 GenBank 中筛选出的虾虎鱼科微卫星序列535条,合计686条微卫星序列,隶属于19种虾虎鱼,序列总长度为295062 bp,包含473个微卫星位点,微卫星位点累计长度为33370 bp。统计微卫星重复类型,发现在所有微卫星重复类型中以二碱基重复出现次数最多,位点数为361个,占总微卫星的76.32%,其中,重复拷贝类别最多的是 AC (340个),占全部微卫星的71.88%,占二碱基重复微卫星的94.18%,在二碱基重复类型中没有发现 AT 和 GC 两种重复类型。三碱基重复位点数为35个,占总微卫星的7.4%,其中以 ACT 重复拷贝类别最多(12个),占三碱基重复微卫星的34.29%。四碱基重复位点数为68个,其中以 CTAT 重复最多(31个),占总微卫星的14.38%。五碱基重复类型中只有 TCTGG和 ATCTA 两种类型,只占全部微卫星的0.42%。六碱基重复7个,占总微卫星的1.48%,六碱基重复中各重复类型出现次数相当。在所有微卫星重复类型中没有发现单核苷酸重复类型。 相似文献
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利用生物信息学方法在含有10446个中国对虾ESTs的数据库中进行微卫星序列的筛选，共发现微卫星序列229个，占整个ESTs数据库的2．19％，其中含双碱基重复序列146个和3碱基重复序列58个，分别占在ESTs数据库中发现微卫星序列总数的63．76％，和25．33％，大部分发现的微卫星序列均为Perfect形式的重复序列。根据筛选得到的微卫星序列设计并合成引物19对进行多态性检测，在有扩增产物的16对引物中，首次筛选得到8个中国对虾微卫星标记，并对这些微卫星标记进行了等位基因频率、观测杂合度、期望杂合度、PIC值等统计学指标的评价。结果表明，在8个微卫星位点上，等位基因的数目从5到15不等，等位基因长度从：165～305bp，期望杂合度和多态性信息含量分别为0．59到0．89和0．56到0．88，表明这8个中国对虾微卫星标记完全适合于遗传分析。 相似文献
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为了解斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)全基因组中完整型微卫星的分布特征,本研究使用生物信息学软件MISA对其全基因组微卫星进行了搜索并分析。结果显示,在斑点叉尾鮰29条染色体中,筛选到完整型微卫星共510 256个,总长度达11 036 941 bp。其中,微卫星数量最多的是2号染色体(25 284个),其次分别是3号、1号和5号染色体,29号染色体的微卫星数量最少,只有11 591个。每条染色体长度与位于其上的微卫星的数量均显著相关(SPSS, r=0.98, P<0.01)。27号染色体的微卫星相对丰度最大(785.03个/Mb),11号染色体的微卫星相对丰度最小(615.89个/Mb)。6种重复拷贝类型的微卫星中,单碱基的数量最多,占总数的45.31%,随后依次是二碱基(38.53%)、三碱基(8.73%)、四碱基(6.93%)、五碱基(0.46%)和六碱基(0.04%)。斑点叉尾鮰全基因组微卫星中,前10种优势重复拷贝类别为A、AC、AG、AT、AAT、AAAT、C、AAC、AAAC和AAG,表现出明显的A、T碱基优势。本研究结果可为进一步研究斑点叉尾鮰全基因组特征提供参考,并为今后进行斑点叉尾鮰分子标记辅助育种及遗传信息评估等工作提供基础资料。 相似文献
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为了开发太湖新银鱼（Neosalanx taihuensis）的微卫星分子标记,采用生物素标记探针（AC）12、（AAC）10、（AAG）10和（GATA）8对其微卫星位点进行了筛选,并对其序列特征进行了分析。共获得490个微卫星序列,筛选的总效率为78．09％。筛选出725个微卫星位点,其中完美型592个,占81．66％;混合型82个,占11．31％;非完美型51个,占7．03％。探针（AC）12富集到的微卫星重复次数大多集中在14～26次,最高44次;探针（AAC）10和探针（AAG）10富集得到的微卫星重复次数主要集中在8～20次,最高42次;探针（GATA）8富集得到的微卫星重复次数一般在6～15次,最高32次。探针（AC）12、（AAC）10、（AAG）10和（GATA）8的杂交效率分别为85．19％、60．19％、5．16％和10．64％。筛选得到的725个微卫星位点中,二碱基重复位点390个（53．79％）,三碱基重复位点284个（39．17％）,四碱基重复位点47个（6．48％）,五碱基重复位点 1个（0．14％）和六碱基重复位点3 个（0.42％）。根据二碱基重复核心序列进行引物设计,对抚仙湖24尾太湖新银鱼样本进行 PCR 扩增,电泳结果显示部分微卫星位点有较高的多态性,同时本研究获得的三碱基、四碱基、五碱基和六碱基重复位点也可为长重复单元微卫星引物的开发提供基础。 相似文献
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富集文库－菌落原位杂交法筛选栉孔扇贝的微卫星标记 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
应用微卫星富集文库─菌落原位杂交法,筛选得到了40个栉孔扇贝的微卫星标记.用固定了(AG)15和(AC)15探针的尼龙膜(Hybond N )捕捉含有微卫星DNA的片段,经洗脱、PCR扩增和TA克隆,构建栉孔扇贝的微卫星富集文库.利用ECL试剂盒(Amersham公司)标记的(AG)15和(AC)15探针进行菌落原位杂交筛选微卫星富集文库,阳性克隆经测序获得微卫星DNA.富集文库中1200个重组克隆经过菌落原位杂交后,532个(44.3%)为阳性克隆.任意挑选100个克隆测序,结果显示所有的克隆都至少含有一个微卫星位点.利用软件设计了65对特异性PCR引物,40对能扩增出清晰的带谱;利用48个栉孔扇贝个体评价微卫星位点,分析表明37个位点具有多态性.不同的位点获得的等位基因数目为2～14个不等,37个多态性位点共获得258个等位基因,平均每个位点获得7.0个等位基因.观测杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(He)及多态性信息含量值(PIC)的范围分别为0.1000～1.0000、0.1197～0.9831和0.1172～0.9782.结果表明,富集文库─菌落原位杂交法适合大规模筛选目标物种的微卫星标记. 相似文献
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采用人工合成的生物素标记(AG)15探针及磁珠富集法构建了脊尾白虾基因组微卫星富集文库.将脊尾白虾基因组DNA经HaeⅢ酶切后,收集400 ～1 200 bp片段,连接特定接头,与生物素标记(AG)15探针杂交并捕获含有微卫星的DNA片段,然后连接到pMD18-T载体中,构建脊尾白虾微卫星富集文库.随机挑取947个克隆,经菌落PCR检验,其中667个为阳性克隆.从阳性克隆中随机选取184个克隆进行测序,有150个克隆含有微卫星序列,共获得199个微卫星序列,其中完美型158个(79.4％),非完美型27个(13.6％),复合型14个(7.0％).根据微卫星序列,设计了119对微卫星引物,64对扩增出稳定的具有特异性的条带,经30个脊尾白虾个体进行多样性评价后,有26个位点表现出多态性.26个微卫星位点获得的等位基因数从3 ～ 16个不等,平均每个位点扩增得到6.5个等位基因.观测杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(4)及多态性信息含量值(PIC)的范围分别为0.111 ～ 0.929、0.246 ～0.932、0.231 ～0.909.本研究开发的微卫星位点将为脊尾白虾种群多样性研究、家系识别和种质鉴定提供有效的工具. 相似文献
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长江草鱼多态微卫星位点的分离及后备亲鱼的遗传多样性分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
本研究采用磁珠富集法分离了10对具有多态性的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)微卫星位点,并对140条长江野生草鱼组成的后备亲鱼群体的遗传结构进行了分析。结果显示:本试验得到的草鱼微卫星序列主要是以2个碱基为重复单位、重复次数在5～22之间的多重复单元,重复次数在10次以上的微卫星序列较易得到多态性;77个微卫星座位中,完美型、非完美型和混合型微卫星标记所占的比例分别为87.01%、2.60%和10.39%;群体遗传分析显示,10个多态性微卫星座位中,除了GC39座位外,其它座位都符合哈迪-温伯格平衡,适用于草鱼群体的遗传结构分析;每个座位检测到3～8个等位基因,平均有效等位基因数为3.9302,多态信息含量在0.4129～0.8107之间变动,平均为0.6678,除了GC78座位为中度多态外,其他9个座位均为高度多态。基因分化系数、Shannon指数、平均观测杂合度和平均期望杂合度的平均值分别为0.3457、1.4262、0.9511和0.7193,表明该群体的遗传多样性比较丰富。 相似文献
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Small-scale mud crab aquaculture was introduced in East Africa in late 1990s as a mangrove friendly aquaculture to improve the livelihood of coastal communities through organised community groups (OCGs). The OCGs approach was a strategy aimed at ensuring benefits to the village and regulating access to the open access resource (land in mangrove forests). A social and economic assessment was conducted at Majaoni, Makongeni, Ihaleni and Dabaso along the Kenyan coast. The paper looks at the social and economic characteristics of the groups, their management systems, contribution of mud crab aquaculture to the livelihoods of local communities and policy issues related to the interventions. There is wider involvement of the mijikenda community in mud crab farming; however, the level of women participation is low. A strong market link exists between the groups and the different market outlets, where hotels and exporters offer the highest prices. Regional price variations existed and may need networking between the groups. The paper concludes that national policies may need to be redirected to support small-scale aquaculture development and ensuring capacity building for women, operation and management of groups, provision of extension services, data management and provision of user rights for communities working in the mangrove environment. 相似文献
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荣成俚岛大泷六线鱼摄食生态研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
为研究荣成俚岛大泷六线鱼的摄食生态,于2010年3月—2011年2月逐月采集荣成俚岛近海482尾大泷六线鱼,对其进行胃含物分析。结果发现,大泷六线鱼为底栖生物食性鱼类摄食的饵料生物有10个类群,主要摄食鱼类,其次是多毛类、虾类、海藻类、蟹类和口足类等。食物组成随季节和体长而变化:除四季均大量摄食虾类外,春季还摄食蟹类和多毛类,夏季和秋季主要摄食鱼类,冬季摄食多毛类的比例最高;体长80 mm的大泷六线鱼喜食虾类和端足类,体长80~119 mm个体喜食多毛类、口虾蛄幼体和虾类等,而体长119 mm个体主要摄食鱼类、虾蟹类。摄食强度也随季节和体长而变化:夏季摄食强度最高,冬季最低(不停食);体长80 mm个体摄食强度最高,随体长增加摄食强度逐渐下降,体长180 mm以上的个体又随体长、年龄的增大而逐渐升高。通过DNA条形码对大泷六线鱼的6个饵料生物样品进行鉴定,其中,4个饵料生物样品鉴定到种,1个样品鉴定到属,1个样品鉴定到科。 相似文献
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In terms of production, seabream and seabass are the two most important species of marine Mediterranean aquaculture, which is why they have been extensively studied in the literature. This study uses visualization analysis with the CiteSpace software to determine the research status quo and the most important trends of seabream and seabass aquaculture research. The Web of Science (WoS) database was used to select the papers associated with seabream and seabass literature from the period between 1986 and 2020. The results were separated using two indices (Science Citation Index Expand and Social Science Citation Index). The visualization analysis identified the networks for (1) author, institution, country and category co-authorship, in order to find the most prolific authors, institutions, countries and categories respectively; and (2) journal, document and author co-citation, which identifies the most relevant journals, the most important studies and the most cited and influential authors. Finally, a keywords co-occurrence network was built to identify the most important topics and the research frontiers—body of knowledge—of the seabream and seabass aquaculture research—SSAR. 相似文献
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细基江篱及坛紫菜太空诱变遗传变异的RAPD分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
细基江蓠(Gracilaria tsengiana)及坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis)经过卫星搭载送入太空,进行太空诱变试验,返回地面后采用RAPD技术对其基因组DNA多态性进行了检测.筛选出16个随机寡核苷酸引物进行扩增,其中细基江蓠检测出93个位点,多态位点31个,占33.3%;坛紫菜检测出84个位点,多态位点19个,占22.6%;分子量在150～2500 bp之间.遗传相似系数用Nei的计算方法进行计算,遗传距离则用Lynch的计算方法进行计算.实验数据表明:经过太空诱变的群体与正常对照组相比,从整个基因组角度来看,其遗传多样性差异并不明显,但是太空诱变使部分位点的基因产生了较为显著的变异.研究结果证实:太空诱变能够不定向地促进基因的变异,是水产新品种选育的途径之一. 相似文献
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Melita Peharda Ivan &#;upan Lav Bav&#;evi&#; Anamarija Franki&#; & Tin Klanj&#;&#;ek 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(16):1714-1720
Integrating mussel and finfish aquaculture has been recognized as a way to increase profits and decrease environmental impacts of finfish aquaculture, but not enough is known about the effects of finfish aquaculture on mussel growth. Here we present a pilot study aimed at determining how distance from finfish aquaculture affects mussel growth. To this end, we measured growth and condition index of mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) at three different distances (0, 60 and 700 m) from finfish aquaculture in the eastern Adriatic Sea. There was a statistically significant difference in growth of tagged mussels with respect to site. Average measured lengths of mussels at sites 1, 2 and 3 after the 10 months of the experiment were 57.60, 62.73 and 58.66 mm. Mussels grew fastest from March to May, and slowest from July to September, regardless of their position. Condition index showed spatial and temporal variations with higher values during fall and winter (∼23), and lower values during spring and summer (∼20). Our results show that production cycle in areas traditionally considered suboptimal for aquaculture can be equivalent to the cycle in areas traditionally considered optimal for mussel aquaculture if mussel aquaculture is integrated with finfish aquaculture. 相似文献
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Impact of short‐term climate effects and sea ice coverage variation on Japanese scallop aquaculture in Saroma Lake,Japan 
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下载免费PDF全文 Yang Liu Sei–Ichi Saitoh Kimihiko Maekawa Kan‐Ichiro Mochizuki Yongjun Tian 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(5):1752-1767
Saroma Lake is the southernmost lagoon exhibiting seasonal sea ice coverage in the Northern hemisphere and one of the most important aquaculture areas for Japanese scallops (Mizuhopecten yessoensis). Under conditions of adequate food and appropriate temperature, scallops grow well from the time of ice melting in April to harvesting starting in July. However, over the past decade, Saroma Lake frequently has not been completely covered by ice in winter, and the production of Japanese scallops has shown significant changes. Therefore, this study integrated data from satellite remote sensing, buoys, and in situ observations with climatic events [the winter East Asian Monsoon (EAM) and El Niño/La Niña–Southern Oscillation events] to investigate the impact of ice coverage variations on scallop growth in Saroma Lake between 2007 and 2015. Daily ice conditions were detected using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer false colour images and an unsupervised classification method. The results indicated that EAM strongly influenced the ice coverage variation in Saroma Lake through their effects on temperature during winter. Ice coverage variations show a strong correlation with water temperature and spring phytoplankton blooms, which are the two most important environmental factors for scallop growth. In addition, extreme climate events could cause water temperature anomalies (as in 2015) which are unfavourable for scallop growth. Monitoring ice conditions should be considered when developing plans and management strategies for scallop aquaculture in Saroma Lake. 相似文献
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An investigation of allozyme variation at 32 loci in the black bream, Acanthopagrus butcheri (Munro), and the yellowfin bream, Acanthopagrus australis (Günther), revealed heterozygosities (H) equal to 0.035 and 0.065, respectively, and polymorphism (P0.95 ) equal to 0.067 and 0.200, respectively. The genetic data confirm the very high level of genetic similarity previously found between the two species, but nevertheless also support their recognition as separate species. The finding of only limited allozyme differentiation at three polymorphic loci amongst six black bream samples from south-eastern Australia is consistent with the existence of a single panmictic population in this region. This would require that adult black bream have a greater capacity to survive in near-shore marine environments than previously realised and that dispersal between estuaries is more extensive than was shown by tagging studies. In contrast, significant differences were found at two loci between black bream from south-eastern Australia and a sample from south-western Australia. The degree of genetic divergence between stocks in south-eastern and south-western Australia suggests that only local brood stock should be used for aquaculture or re-stocking as a precaution until further investigations with DNA-based techniques are conducted. The genetic divergence detected supports separate management for populations in Western Australia and Victoria. 相似文献
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Linking coastal aquaculture of meagre Argyrosomus regius and Western Mediterranean coastal fisheries through escapes incidents 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 P. Arechavala‐Lopez J. M. Valero‐Rodriguez J. Peñalver‐García D. Izquierdo‐Gomez P. Sanchez‐Jerez 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2015,22(4):317-325
Escape incidents in coastal aquaculture lead to economic losses for farmers and may have indirect socio‐economic effects on local fisheries. In this study, the relationship of meagre, Argyrosomus regius (Asso), production in open‐sea cages and coastal small‐scale fisheries was analysed through captures of escapes, which are easily detected because this species is considered locally absent in native communities in Western Mediterranean regions. Scale reading showed that 100% of captured meagre were escapees. The existence of a direct relationship, in terms of biomass, between the development of meagre coastal aquaculture and the increase of captures of this species by local fisheries was demonstrated. The spatial distribution of meagre captures suggested that there is a local environmental and economic interaction between meagre aquaculture and fisheries through escapees. Monitoring the presence of locally absent species such as meagre within landings might help to assess the magnitude of escapes, the potential economic effects on local aquaculture and fishery industries, and the potential adverse ecological impacts on local ecosystems. 相似文献
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单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs）是基因组水平上单个核苷酸变异所引起的DNA序列多态性,是继限制性片段长度多态性、微卫星标记之后的第三代分子标记。最初SNPs主要应用在人类重要疾病的关联性研究中,随着检测技术不断提高以及各种生物SNP数据库的不断完善,其逐渐被应用于遗传图谱的构建、群体遗传学、亲缘关系、关联分析和基因功能分析等方面。文章主要介绍了SNPs的发生、特点及常用检测方法,综述了SNPs在海洋生物遗传学中的研究进展,以期将SNPs更好地应用到海洋经济动物遗传育种中。 相似文献
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In Chile the integration of Gracilaria chilensis with salmon culture has shown high potential. Seaweed integrated aquaculture is of great interest as it allows waste recycling within fed cage aquaculture. The development of economically feasible suspended methods of seaweed cultivation is therefore of high importance. Hence, production and performance of two suspended Gracilaria cultivation methods, spore inoculated ropes and ropes with twined field collected seaweed, were studied in open water. The production from spore-seeded ropes was comparable to that of twined ropes for the first month of culture. Thereafter, the twined ropes had a significantly higher productivity. Fish farm wastes had no significant fertilizing effect upon Gracilaria growth rate. In addition, spore-originated thalli and field collected thalli were compared under laboratory conditions and in suspended culture using the same cultivation method. Spore-originated thalli had a 50% lower growth rate than the field collected thalli under laboratory conditions; however, no significant differences were detected in the field. Also, the occurrence of spore coalescence growth enhancement was not significant on the spore-seeded ropes. It was concluded that spore-originated cultivation techniques could be of interest for an integrated open seawater aquaculture system due to the high levels of Gracilaria polymorphism. This would result in greater adaptability to environmental variations, and a continuous supply of restocking material. 相似文献