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池塘和工厂化养殖牙鲆肠道菌群结构的比较分析 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
为研究池塘和工厂化养殖条件下牙鲆肠道菌群结构差异及其与饵料、水环境、底质等的关系,采用MiSeq高通量测序技术和生物信息学分析手段,构建了牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)肠道、养殖水体、饵料和池塘底泥等7个样品的16s rRNA基因测序文库,分析了不同样品中菌群组成和生物多样性。结果表明：池塘养殖牙鲆肠道（B1）中以厚壁菌门（30.49%）、变形菌门（19.16%）和梭杆菌门（11.11%）为主,其中芽孢杆菌属（27.66%）占绝对优势,弧菌属（0.16%）丰度最小;工厂化养殖牙鲆肠道（B5）中以变形菌门（44.31%）、厚壁菌门（11.57%）和放线菌门（4.79%）为主,其中不动杆菌属（10.37%）丰度最大,弧菌属（4.05%）相对B1中丰度较高。牙鲆肠道优势菌群主要与营养代谢调节相关,同时有益微生物和有害微生物也是肠道菌群的重要组成部分。差异性和系统进化分析表明两种养殖条件下牙鲆肠道菌群结构与饵料中菌群关系密切,此外受养殖水环境中菌群影响较大。研究结果将为今后牙鲆养殖专用高效微生态制剂的研制和养殖环境微生态调控技术构建提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Isolation of a highly pathogenic Vibrio pelagius strain associated with mass mortalities of turbot,Scophthalmus maximus (L.), larvae 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A bacterial strain, characterized as Vibrio pelagius (Hq 222), was isolated from a turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.), larvae mass mortality in a commercial fish farm in Spain. Turbot larvae, post-larvae (0.2 g) and juveniles (5 and 15 g) were experimentally infected. The bacterium appeared to be very virulent for larvae and post-larvae, LD50 being < 5 bacteria mL(-1) for larvae 1 week post-infection and 3.9 x 10(5) bacteria mL(-1) in post-larvae at day 12 post-infection. The bacterial strain was recovered in pure culture from the internal organs of infected fish. Histological lesions in post-larvae exhibited swelling and necrosis of gill secondary lamellae, sloughing of intestinal mucosa and necrosis of haematopoietic tissue in the kidney. Vibrio pelagius (Hq 222) was able to grow in sterile sea water when incubated at room temperature or at 15 degrees C. Vibrio pelagius (Hq 222) was more adherent to the turbot cell lines TV-1 and TF than Escherichia coli. In both cell lines, the number of adhered bacteria increased with incubation time. 相似文献
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Abstract. The adherent aerobic bacterial flora present in the gastrointestinal tract and faeces of free-living Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), from Lake Takvatn, Northern Norway, were identified both qualitatively and quantitatively. Approximately 105 bacteria g−1 were found in both the small and large intestines. The predominant bacterial species were identified as Aeromonas , Enterobacteriaceae, Micrococcus and Lactobacillus. Other microorganisms isolated included Acinetobacter, Cytophaga, Flavobacterium, Moraxella, Pseudomonas, Vibrio , Coryneforms and Streptococcus. The intestinal microflora of free-living fish was dominated by Aeromonas and Lactobacillus , but the intestinal bacterial flora of wild fish transferred to hatchery was affected by feeding them either a capelin roe diet or a commercial feed in fresh and sea water. Approximately 55% of the bacterial flora in intestinal contents from fish fed the capelin roe diet was Enterobacteriaceae when the fish were held in fresh and sea water. However, when the wild-caught charr were fed a commercial diet in fresh water, Aeromonas and Pseudomonas dominated in faeces, while Vibrio and Pseudomonas were predominant in the diet group held in sea water. 相似文献
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褐牙鲆腹水症病原菌的分离鉴定及其灭活疫苗的研制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从患腹水病褐牙鲆体内分离致病菌,通过生理生化和分子生物学方法进行鉴定;该菌的16S rDNA序列与标准株同源性达99.8%,证明该菌为嗜水气单胞菌.制备灭活疫苗后分别注射小鼠和牙鲆,测定其免疫效果.试验结果表明,用所制备的灭活疫苗免疫小鼠,其保护率达到90%,免疫牙鲆的保护率达到80%;采用渗透压差法浸泡免疫牙鲆在攻毒后发病率仅为6%,攻毒后保护率为85%;通过间接ELISA检测表明受免动物体内产生了较高水平的抗体;剖检及病理切片结果表明免疫过的动物内脏健康无异样,而未免动物肝脏充血,肠腔有积水.说明该疫苗安全有效. 相似文献
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健康养殖南美白对虾肠道细菌的抗菌活性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用双层琼脂扩散法检测从健康养殖南美白对虾肠道内分离出的111株菌对8株病原菌的抗菌活性。结果表明:111株菌对白假丝酵母菌,非01群霍乱弧菌,嗜水气单胞菌指示菌无抗菌活性,48.6%的菌株对余下的5株指示菌有抗菌活性,其中气单胞菌属和发光杆菌属对荧光假单胞菌与金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制性最强。各菌属中以气单胞菌属,发光杆菌属的抗菌谱最广,弧菌属、肠杆菌科、黄单胞菌属、芽孢杆菌属、小球菌属次之。土壤杆菌属、棒状杆菌属、黄杆菌属、产碱杆菌属、假单胞菌属和色杆菌属则没有抗菌活性。 相似文献
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Bacteria associated with early life stages of halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus L., inhibit growth of a pathogenic Vibrio sp. 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Ø. BERGH 《Journal of fish diseases》1995,18(1):31-40
Abstract Bacteria capable of inhibiting growth of a pathogenic Vibrio sp. were isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of cultured halibut larvae during the first feeding and weaning stages. No such bacteria were found among isolates from the surface of eggs or the gastrointestinal tract of yolk sac larvae. The fraction of pathogen-inhibitors among the total number of isolates ranged between 0–100% (first feeding) and 0–66% (weaning). All pathogen-inhibitors were Gram-negative rods, and 95% were oxidase and catalase positive fermentative isolates, capable of producing acid aerobically from a varying range of carbohydrates. These isolates possessed the characteristics of the Vibrio/Aeromonas -group, but only 19% were sensitive to the vibriostatic agent 0/129. Isolates from eggs and yolk sac larvae were dominated by bacteria belonging to the Cytophaga/Flexibacter/Flavobacterium - group. The high fraction of isolates with the ability to inhibit growth of the pathogenic Vibrio sp. among the total number of isolates indicates that pathogen inhibition may be an important mutualistic role of the intestinal flora of early life stages of halibut. 相似文献
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本文对中国对虾糠虾幼体的一种病原菌———非０１群霍乱弧菌作了研究报道。这种病的症状是病虾运动能力差、趋光性弱、镜检发现肠道肿胀。从垂死病虾中分离到５株细菌，经感染健康糠虾幼体得到与病虾相同症状。５株细菌的４７项形态及生理生化特性与霍乱弧菌相同，但不被０１群霍乱弧菌多价血清凝集。血清学分型结果均为不同的ＶＢＯ血清型ＶＢＯ５，１４，２６，４７，５６。用ＤＮＡ霍乱ＣＴ基因探针菌落原位杂交及小鼠肠结扎法测肠毒素，表明菌株有强毒力。分离菌株对小鼠的ＬＤ５０为１５８×１０８个／只。 相似文献
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采用传统细菌培养方法,对养殖刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)早期发育各阶段幼体体内及环境(投入饵料及培育用水)菌群的组成与结构展开研究,对分离的优势细菌进行分子鉴定,在此基础上,进行了刺参幼体体内菌群结构与环境菌群结构相关性分析。幼体各发育期的细菌培养结果显示,在幼体开口前的各发育时期(性腺、卵、受精卵、原肠胚)均无可培养细菌,在投饵以后,耳状幼体、樽形幼体体内可分离到可培养细菌,幼体发育到稚参以后,消化道可培养细菌总数急剧增加,并在4月龄时达到108 CFU/g数量级。在幼体体内可培养细菌中,弧菌(Vibrio)占比为2.2%~77.3%。对环境菌群的细菌培养结果显示,培育用水中细菌含量变化不显著,随着幼体发育期饵料的转变,不同时期饵料中细菌含量差异显著。整个养殖系统中共分离到65株优势细菌,16S rDNA鉴定结果显示,所分离的65株优势菌鉴定为14个属43种细菌。相关性分析结果显示,随着幼体的发育,生物饵料中的细菌对消化道中的菌群结构影响越来越大。本研究结果为解析刺参消化道菌群的形成过程和演替规律以及养殖用益生菌的筛选与应用奠定了基础。 相似文献
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Vibrio splendidus is a pathogen that can cause major losses during the early stages of larval turbot rearing when live feed (rotifers or Artemia) is used. As haemolytic bacteria have often been associated with larval rearing losses, we studied the role of the V. splendidus haemolysin in infection of larvae. From a bank of over 10,000 transposon mutants of V. splendidus, two different types of haemolysin-negative mutants were obtained. Both had lost virulence for larval fish, and immunohistochemistry showed that the transposon mutant studied colonized the turbot larval intestinal tract at a similar level to the wild-type organism but did not cause damage or signs of enteritis found with the wild-type organism. One transposon insertion site was located within a gene with high homology to aerolysin, the cytolytic toxin produced by several Aeromonas spp. The haemolysin, which we have termed vibrioaerolysin, had properties similar to aerolysin and osmotic protection studies showed that it formed pores in the membranes of erythrocytes of similar diameter to those of aerolysin. The Tn10 insertion site of the second transposon mutant was in an adjacent ToxR-like gene, suggesting that this might control expression of the vibrioaerolysin. The gastroenteritis caused by Aeromonas spp. in humans is considered to be due to production of aerolysin causing cyclic AMP-dependent chloride secretion in cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Damage to the intestinal tract of marine fish larvae could occur in a similar way, and it is possible that several Vibrio spp. found in the developing bacterial flora of the larval fish gut can secrete aerolysin-like toxins leading to death of larvae in the early rearing stages. Routine bacteriological screening on blood agar plates of live feed is recommended with measures to reduce the concentrations of haemolytic bacteria in rearing systems. 相似文献
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Eric Gauger Roxanna Smolowitz Kevin Uhlinger Jessica Casey Marta Gmez-Chiarri 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,260(1-4):10-20
A monitoring program for Vibrio harveyi and other potential bacterial pathogens of summer flounder was conducted at two facilities in the Northeast United States. Bacterial samples were collected from larval and juvenile fish and live-feed, and identified using API 20E biochemical profiles and 16S rDNA sequencing. Histopathological examinations were conducted in order to relate histological changes with the presence of potential bacterial pathogens. V. harveyi, Vibrio ichthyoenteri, and Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, three known pathogens of flatfish, were isolated from diseased summer flounder. Although a high proportion of juvenile summer flounder showed microscopic signs of disease, the presence of these potential bacterial pathogens in fish was not associated with large-scale mortalities. An outbreak of flounder infectious necrotizing enteritis with 30% cumulative mortality occurred when juveniles were transported to a new facility. Isolates of V. harveyi from the disease outbreak were genetically different from the isolates from the commercial hatchery. V. harveyi isolates from both facilities were pathogenic to summer flounder by intraperitoneal injection. P. damselae subsp. damselae, V. ichthyoenteri, and Vibrio scophthalmi, also found in fish with gross lesions, were not pathogenic to juvenile summer flounder by intraperitoneal injection. Our research shows that several potential bacterial pathogens are associated with morbidity and mortality in summer flounder larvae and juveniles, especially in situations of stress. Increased knowledge about the environmental conditions that lead to disease, as well as the interactions of V. harveyi with other microbial species, could lead to the development of management strategies in summer flounder farms. 相似文献
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Toshihiro Wada Naoki Mitsunaga Keita W. Suzuki Yoh Yamashita Masaru Tanaka 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(4):819-831
The occurrence and distribution of settling and settled spotted halibut Verasper variegatus were compared with those of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus in shallow habitats around Shimabara Peninsula, western Japan, to elucidate the settlement and recruitment characteristics of spotted halibut, a rare pleuronectid flatfish in Japan. Push-net sampling conducted at nine sites in March and April 2003 collected spotted halibut from four nurseries located at eastern areas of Shimabara Peninsula in Ariake Bay; Japanese flounder were sampled from eight nurseries. Comparison of microhabitat distributions in a tidal-flat nursery during February?CApril in 2003?C2007 revealed that metamorphosing larvae and juveniles of spotted halibut, which showed the drastic body coloration (black to brown) and behavioral changes (frequent swimming to settlement), were distributed mainly in the lower edge of the intertidal area, whereas Japanese flounder inhabited both intertidal and subtidal areas. Metamorphosing larvae of spotted halibut (12.6?C16.5?mm standard length; n?=?24) were collected in March when the highest densities were observed, whereas metamorphosing larvae of Japanese flounder (10.0?C15.9?mm, n?=?55) were observed during March?CApril. Our results suggest that spotted halibut has a narrower time/space window for recruitment to the specific nurseries compared with Japanese flounder. 相似文献
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采用MiSeq 16S rRNA高通量测序技术和生物信息学分析方法,构建了牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)工厂化人工育苗模式下仔稚幼鱼阶段6个不同发育时期18个样品的16SrRNA基因测序文库,共获得7462个OTU (Operational Taxonomic Unit),分类为42个菌门972个菌属.对肠道菌群的形成过程及结构多样性变化分析显示,牙鲆初孵仔鱼的菌群组成多样性丰富,体内的优势菌为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes);在9日龄和21日龄摄食轮虫(Rotifer)和卤虫(Artemia sp.)幼体样品中,肠道的优势菌群结构较单一,变形菌门成为此时期肠道的优势菌群;45日龄摄食配合饲料后,肠道中变形菌门的相对丰度显著降低,厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门的相对丰度明显增大,成为肠道菌群的优势菌群.在属水平的菌群结构中发现,牙鲆仔稚幼鱼肠道优势菌群的种类和数量都发生了较大变化,在9日龄和21日龄时期肠道中弧菌属(Vibrio)相对丰度最高,到45日龄后相对丰度锐减到最低水平;拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)和普氏菌属(Prevotella)在80日龄后达到较高水平,成为肠道优势菌属;厚壁菌门的8个菌属在80-115日龄时期均发展成为优势菌属,定植于牙鲆的肠道.本研究揭示了工厂化人工育苗模式下牙鲆仔稚幼鱼肠道菌群结构及演替规律. 相似文献
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Growth and Survival of Larval Red Sea Bream Pagrus major and Japanese Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus Fed Microbound Diets 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
Akio Kanazawa Shunsuke Koshio Shin-Ichi Teshima 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1989,20(2):31-37
To establish the practical use of microbound diets (MBD) for larval fish in mass seedling production, rearing experiments of larval red sea bream, Pagrus major , and Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaeeus , were conducted. A mixture of various protein sources was used, and dietary amino acid patterns were approximated to those of larval whole body protein. Two thousand red sea bream larvae and 1,000 Japanese flounder larvae, all 10 days old, were placed in 100 liter tanks with running sea water under ambient water temperature, which ranged from 18 to 20C. The particle size of MBD was 125 μm at the beginning of the experiment and adjusted as fish size increased thereafter. Employing MBD together with a small amount of live food could sustain the growth and survival of larval red sea bream and Japanese flounder. Thus, data from the present study indicates that substitution of artificial feeds for live foods is possible for larval fish production, although improvements in MBD diets may be necessary before they are adequate for large scale seedling production. 相似文献
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连续3年4个季节调查了青蛤携带的微生物系。结果表明,青蛤体内以细菌为主,其中革兰氏阴性杆菌达到70%以上。经鉴定,微球菌属、葡萄球菌属、微杆菌属、肠杆菌属、假单胞菌属、气单胞菌属、莫拉氏菌属、弧菌属是青蛤四季占主体的微生物,在活体青蛤中基本未检出霉菌和酵母等真菌。在不同季节,原料青蛤带菌量存在一定差异,对成品卫生指标产生影响。当青蛤菌落总数超过欧盟标准时,高温杀菌为128℃、5min,可使青蛤达到商业无菌条件;青蛤带菌量低于国家卫生标准时,其杀菌条件为120℃、5min。 相似文献