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植酸酶是一种新型的、可作为动物饲料添加剂的重要酶制剂,它对提高饲料中磷的利用率,提高动物的生产性能,以及减轻因动物高磷粪便所导致的环境水域的磷污染有着重要意义。综述了微生物植酸酶的分类、分子结构与空间构象、作用机理、来源、生产、纯化和性质等方面的研究进展。 相似文献
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植酸酶是近年来开发应用的一种新型微生物饲料添加剂,它具有环保、经济、实用等特点。在饲料中合理添加植酸酶,不仅可显著提高植酸磷的利用率,优化饲料配方,降低饲料成本,而且可减少畜禽粪便磷排放造成的环境污染,具有一举多得的良好效果。 相似文献
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能以植酸为唯一磷源生长的转基因甘蓝型油菜 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
由于难溶性矿物磷酸盐和有机磷的大量存在,土壤总磷虽高,但多数土壤缺乏有效磷,这是世界范围内农业生产的主要限制因素之一。土壤中有机磷的存在形式主要是植酸,为了提高土壤有效磷供给,利用根癌农杆菌菌株LBA4404,通过两步再生方法将植物表达载体pBINPR-phyI中含有的带胞外分泌信号肽序列的植酸酶基因转入油菜品种中双6号中,并获得转基因油菜56株,转化效率0.16%~9.20%。分子检测和酶活性检验表明,植酸酶基因已导入中双6号,转基因植株能有效表达植酸酶基因并向根外分泌植酸酶,转基因植株能以植酸为唯一磷源正常生长,非转基因植株则不能。结果表明,转基因植株根系分泌大量高活性植酸酶有助于土壤中有机磷释放出有效磷供植物利用;利用基因工程技术提高植物对土壤闭蓄态有机磷利用效率的前景是可期待的。 相似文献
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能以植酸磷为唯一磷源生长的转基因甘蓝型油菜 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《作物学报》2010,(2)
由于难溶性矿物磷酸盐和有机磷的大量存在,土壤总磷虽高,但多数土壤缺乏有效磷,这是世界范围内农业生产的主要限制因素之一。土壤中有机磷的存在形式主要是植酸,为了提高土壤有效磷供给,利用根癌农杆菌菌株LBA4404,通过两步再生方法将植物表达载体pBINPR-phyI中含有的带胞外分泌信号肽序列的植酸酶基因转入油菜品种中双6号中,并获得转基因油菜56株,转化效率0.16%~9.20%。分子检测和酶活性检验表明,植酸酶基因已导入中双6号,转基因植株能有效表达植酸酶基因并向根外分泌植酸酶,转基因植株能以植酸为唯一磷源正常生长,非转基因植株则不能。结果表明,转基因植株根系分泌大量高活性植酸酶有助于土壤中有机磷释放出有效磷供植物利用;利用基因工程技术提高植物对土壤闭蓄态有机磷利用效率的前景是可期待的。 相似文献
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植酸酶生产与应用的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
植酸酶能降解植物性饲料中的植酸盐类,释放出无机磷酸,对于提高单胃动物饲料中磷的利用率,促进饲料中矿质元素的吸收利用,减轻高磷排泄物对环境的污染有重要作用。植酸酶也可以用作食品添加剂,促进人体对食品中矿质元素的吸收利用;植酸的降解产物IP3在医药领域也具有广泛的生理功能。为了体现植酸酶的研究意义和应用价值,本研究综述了国内外利用微生物、转基因植物和转基因动物生产植酸酶的概况,提出了植酸酶在生产过程中存在的一些问题,并对植酸酶的发展前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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以转黑曲霉植酸酶基因(phyA2)玉米T9代纯合系及与之对应世代的阴性对照为材料,通过低磷土壤培养试验研究植酸酶基因(phyA2)对玉米利用土壤有机磷能力的影响。结果显示,在施用植酸钠和不施磷的条件下,与阴性对照相比,转基因玉米根际土壤的磷酸酶活性分别提高5.17%和5.48%,根际中等活性有机磷分别降低16.2%和28.2%;植株磷积累量分别增加140%和100%,各生长指标都明显好于阴性对照。说明遗传转化的黑曲霉植酸酶基因能提高玉米利用土壤有机磷的能力,增加玉米体内磷的积累,改善玉米的生长状况。 相似文献
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植物磷利用研究在水稻分子设计育种中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
磷是植物生长发育所必需的大量元素,作物对磷肥的利用效率约20%~30%,提高水稻的磷利用效率是实现绿色超级稻分子设计育种的关键。本研究首先对目前植物的磷吸收和运输过程中磷转运体、根构型改变、根际有机酸分泌、酸性磷酸酶和植酸酶的研究进展进行了总结,进一步总结了植物长距离及局部磷信号传导和调控的相关基因及网络,最后探讨了植物磷吸收和利用高效基因在水稻分子设计育种中的策略和方法。通过对植物磷吸收和利用代谢途径的梳理,为培育水稻磷高效的新品种提供设计思路,进而验证磷吸收和利用代谢通路涉及的基因在水稻中的表达调控模式,为提高水稻的育种效率提供理论参考。 相似文献
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猪粪有机肥配施化肥对潮土速效养分及团聚体分布的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
集约化养殖产生大量的畜禽粪便而且无序排放产生,是造成农业面源污染的重要原因之一。开展畜禽粪便田间消纳后对土壤性质及肥力的影响是现阶段研究的热点问题。本研究在施用等量氮、磷、钾养分的条件下,通过连续两年的盆栽试验,研究了猪粪有机肥替代不同化学肥料后对潮土速效养分、团聚体组分及稳定性的影响。结果表明,施用猪粪有机肥增加了土壤碱解氮、速效磷及速效钾含量,且随有机肥施用量的增加而增加,其中土壤碱解氮、速效磷及速效钾含量比单施化肥处理(T1)分别提高了3.7% ~ 165.8%、11.6% ~ 197.7%和20.7% ~ 364.8%;与第一年相比,第二年各处理碱解氮含量下降2.8% ~ 48.9%,而速效磷、速效钾均有增加。施用猪粪有机肥处理土壤有机碳含量均高于单施化肥处理(T1),且随有机肥量的增加呈增加趋势,增加幅度达14.8% ~ 175.7%;有机肥处理第二年后土壤有机碳含量比第一年土壤有机碳含量增加3.9% ~ 96.9%。同时发现,潮土土壤团聚体以<0.25 mm的微团聚体为主;化肥配施猪粪有机肥处理增加了潮土>0.25 mm团聚体含量、团聚体MWD(平均重量直径)以及GWD(几何平均直径)和R0.25值,且随其施用量的增加而增加。由此可见,施用猪粪有机肥有利于潮土速效养分、有机碳含量的增加,并促进大团聚体的形成和稳定。 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
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Richard N. Lester 《Euphytica》1989,44(1-2):125-132
Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected. 相似文献
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B. Julier P. Guy C. Castillo-Acuna G. Caubel C. Ecalle M. Esquibet V. Furstoss C. Huyghe C. Lavaud A. Porcheron P. Pracros G. Raynal 《Euphytica》1996,91(2):241-250
Summary Twenty-five lucerne populations of the Medicago sativa complex, which were either diploid or tetraploid and wild or cultivated, were analysed for their resistance to four different fungal diseases and to stem nematode. Forage quality, including stem digestibility and saponin content, was also tested.Populations varied in susceptibility to the diseases caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, Verticillium albo-atrum, Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Pseudopezizza medicaginis, and to the nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Except for Sclerotinia rot, sativa and falcata subspecies differed in susceptibility, but this grouping of populations did not account for the full range of variation among them. However, the resistance to P. medicaginis was much lower in the sativa than in the falcata populations.Populations also varied significantly in stem fiber content and digestibility. Stem digestibility was negatively correlated to forage yield. Wild sativa and falcata populations had lower fiber content and higher digestibility than cultivated sativa populations. The medicagenic acid was the sapogenin responsible for the anti-nutritional effect of the lucerne measured by the yellow mealworm larvae Tenebrio molitor. The medicagenic acid content was lowest for the pure sativa populations, highest for the pure falcata populations, and intermediate for the French sativa varieties that have some traits originating from falcata germplasm. Some populations could be used in breeding programs to improve disease and nematode resistance, and forage quality. 相似文献
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In order to explore the pharmacological effects of active components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on the central nervous system,through consulting related literatures,... 相似文献
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[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pb on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and chemical constituents of Achyranthes bidentat... 相似文献
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不同P-Zn配比对小麦幼苗微量元素营养的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用了螯合-缓冲营养液培养方法对小麦进行了苗期培养试验,在3个P水平(0,0.6,3.0 mmol/L)和3个Zn水平(0,3,30 μmol/L)的完全组合下对小麦苗期生长及Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养进行了研究,旨在为小麦微肥施用提供理论依据.结果表明,P、Zn的正常供应促进了小麦生长,二者的缺乏与过量均会抑制小麦发育,且这种影响在冠部表现得更为明显.在小麦苗期,Zn与Cu的吸收存在明显的拮抗作用,但供Zn则促进了Zn和Cu的转运,而Mn转运则受到了抑制;过量供Zn时,大量Zn被转运到冠部,同时明显抑制了(Fe+Cu+Mn)的吸收总量;P的供应显著地抑制了Fe的吸收,但P的供应提高了Zn、Cu、Mn的转运率;P、Zn在对Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn间吸收竞争的影响中,Zn本身的影响要比P的影响更为明显,供Zn明显促进了小麦幼苗对Zn的吸收;在小麦幼苗冠部,Zn与Fe的竞争中,供P利于Zn的吸收,缺P则利于Fe的吸收;而Zn与Cu以及Zn与Mn间的竞争中,缺磷时利于Zn的吸收,供磷后则利于Cu和Mn的吸收.总之,小麦幼苗Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养中,P、Zn的不同配比会不同程度地改变Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn的协同或拮抗效应. 相似文献
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Summary
Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth. is a wild perennial species related to the cultivated soybean, G. max (L.) Merr. It is composed of diploid (2n=40) and tetraploid (2n=80) cytotypes. Currently, to differentiate the cytotypes, plants are grown out in the greenhouse and chromosome counts made on pollen mother cells. It is a laborious and time consuming process. The objective of this study was to determine whether electrophoretic techniques could be utilized to separate the cytotypes. Electrophoretic examination of seven isozyme systems from seed of 67 G. tabacina accessions revealed banding patterns that could be used to differentiate between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes in the species. Among the tetraploid accessions, the number of bands observed were always greater than the diploids. Some tetraploid banding patterns consisted of bands similar to the diploid tabacina and/or additional bands previously identified in other Glycine species. The patterns of isozyme multiplicity and variation in the tetraploid tabacinas suggests more than one mode of origin for the tetraploids. 相似文献
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Summary Some photosynthetic characters as-leaf anatomy, leaf photosynthetic rate and CO2 compensation pointdistinguishing C3 and C4 plants and physiological characters as leaf area ratio, nitrogen content, leaf stem ratio and total shoot-to-root and deep root-to-shoot ratios have been studied in rice × sorghum and rice × wheat hybrids. Rice × sorghum 1. has lower values of photosynthetic rate, leaf nitrogen, total root and deep root-to-shoot ratio and CO2 compensation point as of rice parent where as, rice × sorghym 2. is superior in all these characters. Both hybrids lack kranz anatomy. Though both rice × sorghum hybrids show characters of C3 rice plant but rice × sorghum 2. has improved drought tolerance and leaf characters in relation to yield. Rice × wheat hybrid have higher assimilatory area and higher total root-to-shoot ratio. Grains of rice × wheat hybrids are identical to rice grain. However, as grains of rice × wheat hybrid does not contain seed coat, it could be exploited as novel rice germplasm after improvement.Abbreviations T
CO2 compensation point
- T21
CO2 compensation point at 21% O2
- T2
CO2 compensation point at 2% O2
- dR/sR
deep Root-to-shoot Ratio
- LAR
Leaf Area Ratio
- CER
photosynthetic rate
- TR/SR
Total Root-to-Shoot Ratio 相似文献